•Large individual differences, obvious data noises and fewer fault samples.•Tendency of performance parameters have changed obviously when a fault occurred.•The arrangement order of performance ...parameters has impact on fault diagnosis.•A feature mapping method is established by transfer learning with CNN.•The mapped feature in new feature space is classified by SVM.
A transfer learning method based on CNN and SVM is investigated for gas turbine fault diagnosis. The excellent classification ability of CNNs is attributed to their ability to learn rich feature representations from a large number of annotated samples. This property, however, currently prevents application of CNNs to problems with fewer samples. This paper shows how feature representations learned with CNN on large-scale annotated gas turbine normal dataset can be efficiently transferred to fault diagnosis task with limited fault data. A feature mapping method to extract the feature representations for fault dataset by reusing the internal layers of CNN trained on the normal dataset is designed, and SVM is used for fault diagnosis. The influence of gas turbine performance parameters arrangement order on proposed method is theoretically analyzed. Finally, the proposed method is validated by the real-life operation data of a gas turbine sample fleet. The experimental results show that despite difference in the two datasets, the transferred feature representations lead to significant improved results for fault diagnosis as well as obviously weaken the individual difference and data noises. The experimental results also confirm that the proposed method has excellent ability for fault diagnosis under small sample condition.
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a class of functional RNAs that regulate gene expression in a post-transcriptional manner. NcRNAs include microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs. They are ...highly expressed in the brain and are involved in the regulation of physiological and pathophysiological processes, including cerebral ischemic injury, neurodegeneration, neural development, and plasticity. Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and physical disability worldwide. Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) occurs when brain blood flow stops, and that stoppage results in reduced oxygen and glucose supply to cells in the brain. In this article, we review the latest progress on ncRNAs in relation to their implications in AIS, as well as their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. We also review ncRNAs acting as possible therapeutic targets in future precision medicine. Finally, we conclude with a brief discussion of current challenges and future directions for ncRNAs studies in AIS, which may facilitate the translation of ncRNAs research into clinical practice to improve clinical outcome of AIS.
The MYB proteins comprise one of the largest families of transcription factors (TFs) in plants. Although several MYB genes have been characterized to play roles in secondary metabolism, the MYB ...family has not yet been identified in apple. In this study, 229 apple MYB genes were identified through a genome-wide analysis and divided into 45 subgroups. A computational analysis was conducted using the apple genomic database to yield a complete overview of the MYB family, including the intron-exon organizations, the sequence features of the MYB DNA-binding domains, the carboxy-terminal motifs, and the chromosomal locations. Subsequently, the expression of 18 MYB genes, including 12 were chosen from stress-related subgroups, while another 6 ones from other subgroups, in response to various abiotic stresses was examined. It was found that several of these MYB genes, particularly MdoMYB121, were induced by multiple stresses. The MdoMYB121 was then further functionally characterized. Its predicted protein was found to be localized in the nucleus. A transgenic analysis indicated that the overexpression of the MdoMYB121 gene remarkably enhanced the tolerance to high salinity, drought, and cold stresses in transgenic tomato and apple plants. Our results indicate that the MYB genes are highly conserved in plant species and that MdoMYB121 can be used as a target gene in genetic engineering approaches to improve the tolerance of plants to multiple abiotic stresses.
The gut microbiota has been linked to cardiovascular diseases. However, the composition and functional capacity of the gut microbiome in relation to cardiovascular diseases have not been ...systematically examined. Here, we perform a metagenome-wide association study on stools from 218 individuals with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD) and 187 healthy controls. The ACVD gut microbiome deviates from the healthy status by increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and Streptococcus spp. and, functionally, in the potential for metabolism or transport of several molecules important for cardiovascular health. Although drug treatment represents a confounding factor, ACVD status, and not current drug use, is the major distinguishing feature in this cohort. We identify common themes by comparison with gut microbiome data associated with other cardiometabolic diseases (obesity and type 2 diabetes), with liver cirrhosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Our data represent a comprehensive resource for further investigations on the role of the gut microbiome in promoting or preventing ACVD as well as other related diseases.The gut microbiota may play a role in cardiovascular diseases. Here, the authors perform a metagenome-wide association study on stools from individuals with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and healthy controls, identifying microbial strains and functions associated with the disease.
In the post-industrial period, traditional Chinese enterprises are facing the awkward situation of being 'big but not strong', with their core technologies being controlled by others. The digital ...transformation of enterprises has not only reshaped business models and industrial boundaries, but also boosted the high-quality development of China's economy. This paper reviews the existing literature and discovers that digital technology promotes enterprise production efficiency through cost reduction, efficiency improvement, and innovation. Based on the data of listed manufacturing companies in the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges from 2009 to 2017, this paper constructs a differences in differences (DID) model to empirically study the relationship between digital transformation and production efficiency. The results revealed that the implementation of digital transformation plays a significant role in promoting economic benefits and the results of the lag regression method are still robust. Based on this, combined with the actual situation of Chinese enterprises, this paper proposes countermeasures and suggestions to promote the development of enterprise digital transformation. The conclusion is of great significance for Chinese enterprises to occupy a dominant position in the new wave of global industrial revolution.
Developing red thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters for high‐performance OLEDs is still facing great challenge. Herein, three red TADF emitters, pDBBPZ‐DPXZ, pDTBPZ‐DPXZ, and ...oDTBPZ‐DPXZ, are designed and synthesized with same donor–acceptor (D‐A) backbone with different peripheral groups attaching on the A moieties. Their lowest triplet states change from locally excited to charge transfer character leading to significantly enhance reverse intersystem crossing process. In particular, oDTBPZ‐DPXZ exhibits efficient TADF feature and exciton utilization. It not only achieves an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 20.1 % in red vacuum‐processed OLED, but also realize a high EQE of 18.5 % in a solution‐processed OLED, which is among the best results in solution‐processed red TADF OLEDs. This work provides an effective strategy for designing red TADF molecules by managing energy level alignments to facilitate the up‐conversion process and thus enhance exciton harvesting.
By introducing phenyl or o‐tolyl groups into different positions of the same acceptor backbone, the lowest triplet energy levels of red thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters can be tuned from locally excited triplet (3LEA) to charge transfer triplet (3CT) states, resulting in enhancement of the rates of reverse intersystem crossing (RISC), and boosting efficiencies in both vacuum‐ and solution‐processed OLEDs.
The hydrocarbon-enriched environments, such as oil reservoirs and oil sands tailings ponds, contain a broad diversity of uncultured microorganisms. Despite being one of the few prokaryotic lineages ...that is consistently detected in both production water from oil reservoirs and stable hydrocarbon-degrading enrichment cultures originated from oil reservoirs, the physiological and ecological roles of candidate phylum "Atribacteria" (OP9/JS1) are not known in deep subsurface environments. Here, we report the expanded metabolic capabilities of Atribacteria as inferred from genomic reconstructions. Seventeen newly assembled medium-to-high-quality metagenomic assembly genomes (MAGs) were obtained either from co-assembly of two metagenomes from an Alaska North Slope oil reservoir or from previous studies of metagenomes coming from different environments. These MAGs comprise three currently known genus-level lineages and four novel genus-level groups of OP9 and JS1, which expands the genomic coverage of the major lineages within the candidate phylum Atribacteria. Genes involved in anaerobic hydrocarbon degradation were found in seven MAGs associated with hydrocarbon-enriched environments, and suggest that some Atribacteria could ferment short-chain n-alkanes into fatty acid while conserving energy. This study expands predicted metabolic capabilities of Atribacteria (JS1) and suggests that they are mediating a key role in subsurface carbon cycling.
Abstract Objective This study aims to explore the relationship between PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and autophagy of articular chondrocytes in rats with osteoarthritis (OA). Methods Rat articular ...chondrocytes were isolated and cultured, and then induced by protein inhibitors of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Chondrocytes were assigned into blank group, IL-1β induction group (IL-1β group), PI3K inhibitor + IL-1β induction group (PI3Ki + IL-1β group), AKT inhibitor + IL-1β induction group (AKTi + IL-1β group) and mTOR inhibitor + IL-1β induction group (mTORi + IL-1β group). Cell proliferation activity was detected by MTT assay, cell cycle by flow cytometry and cell autophagy by monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining. Autophagy rates were evaluated by GFP-LC3 fluorescence microscopy. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to detect mRNA expressions of autophagy-related genes ( Atg5 and Atg7 ). Western blotting was utilized to detect expressions of autophagy markers (LC3, Beclin1 and p62) and of relevant proteins in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Results The cell proliferation rate of the IL-1β group was lower than that of the blank group after cells were cultured for 24 h, and the cell proliferation rates of the PI3Ki + IL-1β group, the AKTi + IL-1β group and the mTORi + IL-1β group were higher than those of the IL-1β group. In comparison with the blank group, cells in the IL-1β group were arrested at the G1 phase and decreased in the S phase, MDC positive staining cells were decreased with attenuated staining intensity, the autophagy rate was decreased, the mRNA expressions of Atg5 and Atg7 and the protein expressions of LC3, Beclin1 and p62 were significantly down-regulated. While in the groups of PI3Ki + IL-1β, AKTi + IL-1β and mTORi + IL-1β, haploid cells were reduced, coupled with an increased proportion of cells in the S phase and decreased proportion of cells in the G1 phase, the autophagy rate was increased, the mRNA expressions of Atg5 and Atg7 and the protein expressions of LC3, Beclin1 and p62 were significantly up-regulated. Compared with the blank group, the protein phosphorylation levels of PI3K, AKT and mTOR were elevated, while there were no significant difference observed in the total amount of PI3K, AKT and mTOR in the IL-1β group. Meanwhile, there were relatively low protein phosphorylation levels of PI3K, AKT and mTOR in the groups of PI3Ki + IL-1β, AKTi + IL-1β and mTORi + IL-1β. Conclusions Inflammation could inhibit the proliferation and cell cycle of rat chondrocytes and reduce the autophagy rate. Inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway could promote the autophagy of articular chondrocytes and attenuate inflammation response in rats with OA.
Bernstein problem for affine maximal type equation
0.1
u
ij
D
ij
w
=
0
,
w
≡
det
D
2
u
-
θ
,
∀
x
∈
Ω
⊂
R
N
has been a core problem in affine geometry. A conjecture (Version I in Section 1) ...initially proposed by Chern (Proc. Japan-United States Sem., Tokyo, 1977, 17-30) for entire graph with
N
=
2
,
θ
=
3
/
4
and then was strengthened by Trudinger-Wang (Invent. Math.,
140
, 2000, 399-422) to its full generality (Version II), which asserts that any Euclidean complete, affine maximal, locally uniformly convex
C
4
-hypersurface in
R
N
+
1
must be an elliptic paraboloid. At the same time, the Chern’s conjecture was solved completely by Trudinger-Wang in dimension two. Soon after, the Affine Bernstein Conjecture (Version III) for affine complete affine maximal hypersurfaces was also shown by Trudinger-Wang in (Invent. Math.,
150
, 2002, 45-60). Thereafter, the Bernstein problem has morphed into a broader conjectures for any dimension
N
≥
2
and any positive constant
θ
>
0
. The Bernstein theorem of Trudinger-Wang was then generalized by Li-Jia (Results Math.,
56
2009, 109-139) to
N
=
2
,
θ
∈
(
3
/
4
,
1
(see also Zhou (Calc. Var. PDEs.,
43
2012, 25-44) for a different proof). In the past twenty years, much effort was done toward higher dimensional issues but not really successful yet, even for the case of dimension
N
=
3
. Recently, counter examples were found in (J. Differential Equations,
269
(2020), 7429-7469), toward the Full Bernstein Problem IV for
N
≥
3
,
θ
∈
(
1
/
2
,
(
N
-
1
)
/
N
)
and using a much more complicated argument. In this paper, we will construct explicitly various new Euclidean complete affine maximal type hypersurfaces which are not elliptic paraboloid for the improved range
N
≥
2
,
θ
∈
(
0
,
(
N
-
1
)
/
N
.
Summary
The recently proposed order Candidatus Thermoprofundales, currently containing only one family‐level lineage Marine Benthic Group‐D (MBG‐D), is distributed in global subsurface ecosystems and ...ecologically important, but its diversity, evolution and metabolism remain largely unknown. Here we described two novel family‐level specialized lineages in Ca. Thermoprofundales, JdFR‐43 and HyVt, which are restricted to specific biotopes (primarily in marine hydrothermal vents and occasionally in oil reservoirs and hot springs) in contrast to the cosmopolitan lineage MBG‐D. The comparative genomics revealed that the specialized lineages have streamlined genomes, higher GC contents, enriched genes associated with nucleotide biosynthesis, ribosome biogenesis and DNA repair and additional thermostable aminopeptidases, enabling them to adapt to high‐temperature habitats such as marine hydrothermal vents, deep subsurface oil reservoirs and hot springs. On the contrary, the unique metabolic traits of the cosmopolitan MBG‐D, motility, glycolysis, butanoate metabolism, secondary metabolites production and additional genes for specific peptides and carbohydrates degradation potentially enhance its response to environmental change. Substrate preference is found for most MAGs across all lineages with the ability to utilize both polysaccharides (chitin and starch) and proteinaceous substances, whereas JdFR‐43 members from oil reservoirs can only utilize proteins. These results expand the diversity of Ca. Thermoprofundales significantly and further improve our understandings of the adaptations of Ca. Thermoprofundales to various environments.
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