•There fewer studies that have compared the impact of Cyclosporine A treatment on bone regeneration in osteoporotic condition.•The present study investigate the impact of CSA on bone mass and bone ...repair, revealing its detrimental effects on both aspects.•Overall, our experiments confirmed that CSA enhances osteogenic proliferation and differentiation while simultaneously accelerating bone resorption.
Cyclosporine A (CSA) is an immunosuppressant that has been extensively studied for its side effects on inhibiting osseointegration of titanium implants. However, the impact of CSA on bone healing in postmenopausal osteoporosis remains unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of CSA on bone repair in an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model through both in vitro and in vivo experiments. We examined the interventions of CSA on osteoblast progenitor cells MC3T3-E1 and assessed their effects on biological function using RT-qPCR, CCK-8 assay, alizarin red staining, and alkaline phosphatase staining. Furthermore, we evaluated the effects of CSA on bone regeneration and bone mass in both OVX rat models and femoral diaphysis bone defect models. The results from the CCK-8 experiment indicated a positive influence of experimental doses of CSA on osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. ALP expression levels and calcified nodules were also evaluated, suggesting that CSA intervention promoted osteogenic differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells. Additionally, specific gene expressions including OPN, Runx-2, OC, and Col1a1 were up-regulated after CSA intervention. Biomechanical parameters aligned with histological analysis as well as micro-CT scans confirmed worse bone microstructure and strength following CSA intervention. Our findings preliminarily suggest that whether it is normal or osteoporotic bones, CSA has adverse effects on bone health which are associated with elevated-bone turnover.
Dynamic impact tests are performed on prismatic marble specimens containing a single flaw using a modified split-Hopkinson pressure bar device. The effects of pre-existing flaws with different flaw ...angles and lengths on the dynamic mechanical properties are analyzed. The results demonstrate that the dynamic strength of marble is influenced by the flaw geometry. The dynamic fracturing process of flawed specimens is monitored and characterized with the aid of a high-speed camera. Cracking of marble specimens with a single pre-existing flaw under impact loading is analyzed based on experimental investigations. Cracking involves two major stages: formation of white patches and development of macrocracks. Six typical crack types are identified on the basis of their trajectories and initiation mechanisms. The presence of an artificial flaw may change the failure mode of marble from splitting-dominated for an intact specimen to shear-dominated for a flawed specimen under dynamic loading. Nevertheless, the geometry of the flaws appears to have a slight influence on the failure modes of flawed specimens under impact loading.
There is an increasing need for high-permittivity (high-k) materials due to rapid development of electrical/electronic industry. It is well-known that single composition materials cannot meet the ...high-k need. The combination of dissimilar materials is expected to be an effective way to fabricate composites with high-k, especial for high-k polymer-matrix composites (PMC). This review paper focuses on the important role and challenges of high-k PMC in new technologies. The use of different materials in the PMC creates interfaces which have a crucial effect on final dielectric properties. Therefore it is necessary to understand dielectric properties and processing need before the high-k PMC can be made and applied commercially. Theoretical models for increasing dielectric permittivity are summarized and are used to explain the behavior of dielectric properties. The effects of fillers, fabrication processes and the nature of the interfaces between fillers and polymers are discussed. Potential applications of high-k PMC are also discussed.
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•Mild tartaric acid can be used as both leaching and precipitating reagent.•About 98% Co and 97% Li can be simultaneously recovered.•Leaching of Co and Li fits well to logarithmic ...rate law model.•Cobalt tartrate with purity of 96.4% can be directly recovered.•This process can be a short-cut and sustainable alternative for Co and Li recovery.
Sustainable recovery of metals from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) may be of great significance regarding the conservation of metal resources and alleviation of potential risk towards eco-system. Herein an environmentally benign process was proposed for the recovery of high value-added metals (Co and Li) from typical waste cathode materials (LiCoO2) of spent LIBs using mild tartaric acid as both leaching and precipitating reagent. Leaching results indicate that Co and Li can be effectively separated under experimental conditions of reaction temperature- 80 °C, retention time- 30 min, pulp density- 30 mL/g, reducatant dosage- 3 vol% H2O2 and acid concentration- 0.6 mol/L. After leaching, 98% Co and 97% Li can be recovered as precipitate and Li+ enriched solution, respectively. And the leaching of Co and Li fits well to logarithmic rate model, with apparent activation energy of 34.5 and 29.7 KJ/mol, respectively. In addition, characterization results (i.e. FT-IR, SEM-EDS and TGA-DSC) suggest that Co can be directly recovered as relatively pure cobalt tartrate (C4H4O6Co, with a purity of 96.4%) in leaching residues. This whole process can be a sustainable alternative for the simultaneous recovery of Li and Co from waste cathode materials of spent LIBs.
Stability and safety of rock structures are easily influenced by the dynamic disturbance, especially when weak joint planes exist. In order to investigate the filling joint effect on the dynamic ...response of rock specimens, a series of impact dynamic tests were conducted by a modified split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) system. A sandwich type of sandstone specimens filling with different thicknesses layer of cemented mortar (filling joint) were tested in the study. The results show that the transmission coefficient, dynamic strength and energy absorption all decrease with increasing joint thickness. However, the reflection coefficient, peak strain and joint closure show an opposite variation trend. In addition, the deformation of the cemented mortar joint is the main reason to cause the deformation and final failure of jointed rock specimens. Tensile cracks dominate the fracturing behavior during the dynamic loading, but they have a slight influence on the final failure mode which transforms from localized slabbing to axial splitting failure with the filling joint becoming thicker.
Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have recently attracted people's extensive attention in their application in energy storage systems resulting from their exclusive characteristics of low cost and ...environmental compatibility. However, finding suitable cathode materials continues to be the major challenge. Polyoxovanadates (POVs), as an important branch of polyoxometalates (POMs), are considered as a promising electrode material for reversible aqueous ZIBs relying on the flexible valence state of V. Herein, POVs (K2Zn2V10O28: KZVO) are reported as an advanced cathode for storing Zn2+, which delivers a high discharge capacity of 223.4 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, considerable energy density (182.9 Wh kg−1) and power density (40.38 W kg−1), and robust cyclic performance. In addition, the dynamic properties of the KZVO/Zn battery are revealed by pseudocapacitance analysis and GITT tests. Meanwhile, the storage mechanism of Zn2+ is further analyzed by ex situ XRD, XPS, TEM, and HRTEM. Overall, this work not only draws up a cathode material for the POMs system in aqueous ZIBs, but also demonstrates that POMs are the rising star in energy storage and electric energy applications.
In this work, the polyoxovanadates (POVs) (K2Zn2V10O28: KZVO) deliver a high discharge capacity of 223.4 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, considerable energy density (182.9 Wh kg−1) and power density (40.38 W kg−1), and robust cyclic performance. Moreover, the dynamic properties and storage mechanism of Zn2+ are also analyzed.
Predicting missing links via local information Zhou, Tao; Lü, Linyuan; Zhang, Yi-Cheng
The European physical journal. B, Condensed matter physics,
10/2009, Volume:
71, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Missing link prediction in networks is of both theoretical interest and practical significance in modern science. In this paper, we empirically investigate a simple framework of link prediction on ...the basis of node similarity. We compare nine well-known local similarity measures on six real networks. The results indicate that the simplest measure, namely Common Neighbours, has the best overall performance, and the Adamic-Adar index performs second best. A new similarity measure, motivated by the resource allocation process taking place on networks, is proposed and shown to have higher prediction accuracy than common neighbours. It is found that many links are assigned the same scores if only the information of the nearest neighbours is used. We therefore design another new measure exploiting information on the next nearest neighbours, which can remarkably enhance the prediction accuracy.
Little is known about the relation between the long-term joint exposure to various ambient air pollutants and the incidence of heart failure (HF). We aimed to assess the joint association of various ...air pollutants with HF risk and examine the modification effect of the genetic susceptibility.
This study included 432 530 participants free of HF, atrial fibrillation, or coronary heart disease in the UK Biobank study. All participants were enrolled from 2006 to 2010 and followed up to 2018. The information on particulate matter (PM) with diameters ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5), ≤10 µm (PM10), and between 2.5 and 10 µm (PM2.5-10) as well as nitrogen oxides (NO2 and NOx) was collected. We newly proposed an air pollution score to assess the joint exposure to the five air pollutants through summing each pollutant concentration weighted by the regression coefficients with HF from single-pollutant models. We also calculated the weighted genetic risk score of HF. During a median of 10.1 years (4 346 642 person-years) of follow-up, we documented 4201 incident HF. The hazard ratios (HRs) 95% confidence interval (CI) of HF for a 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5, PM10, PM2.5-10, NO2, and NOx were 1.85 (1.34-2.55), 1.61 (1.30-2.00), 1.13 (0.80-1.59), 1.10 (1.04-1.15), and 1.04 (1.02-1.06), respectively. We found that the air pollution score was associated with an increased risk of incident HF in a dose-response fashion. The HRs (95% CI) of HF were 1.16 (1.05-1.28), 1.19 (1.08-1.32), 1.21 (1.09-1.35), and 1.31 (1.17-1.48) in higher quintile groups compared with the lowest quintile of the air pollution score (P trend <0.001). In addition, we observed that the elevated risk of HF associated with a higher air pollution score was strengthened by the genetic susceptibility to HF.
Our results indicate that the long-term joint exposure to various air pollutants including PM2.5, PM10, PM2.5-10, NO2, and NOx is associated with an elevated risk of incident HF in an additive manner. Our findings highlight the importance to comprehensively assess various air pollutants in relation to the HF risk.
Crowd sensing is a perception mode that recruits mobile device users to complete tasks such as data collection and cloud computing. For the cloud computing platform, crowd sensing can not only enable ...users to collaborate to complete large-scale awareness tasks but also provide users for types, social attributes, and other information for the cloud platform. In order to improve the effectiveness of crowd sensing, many incentive mechanisms have been proposed. Common incentives are monetary reward, entertainment & gamification, social relation, and virtual credit. However, there are rare incentives based on privacy protection basically. In this paper, we proposed a mixed incentive mechanism which combined privacy protection and virtual credit called a blockchain-based location privacy protection incentive mechanism in crowd sensing networks. Its network structure can be divided into three parts which are intelligence crowd sensing networks, confusion mechanism, and blockchain. We conducted the experiments in the campus environment and the results shows that the incentive mechanism proposed in this paper has the efficacious effect in stimulating user participation.
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