Spillover effect theory posits that work stressors can have spillover effects into workers' home lives. Although job insecurity spillover into the home domain has been explored extensively, potential ...spillback effects into the work domain have not. We posit that daily job insecurity represents a negative subjective perception that can spillover into the home domain and lead to insomnia, which will damage the recovery of self‐regulatory resources and make employees unable to regulate their own behavior, ultimately resulting in next‐day counterproductive work behavior. We hypothesized that self‐compassion, as an individual trait, weakens the spillover effect of job insecurity and moderates the indirect effect of job insecurity on next‐day counterproductive work behavior via insomnia. Our analyses of data collected from 132 full‐time employees across 10 consecutive working days showed that insomnia mediates the relationship between daily job insecurity and next‐day counterproductive work behavior, and further showed that this relationship was moderated by self‐compassion. Overall, our research captures the cascading effects of daily job insecurity and contributes to a more complete understanding of the spillover effect of job insecurity.
The first large-scaled survey of soil-inhabiting Trichoderma is conducted in 23 provinces of China. Twenty-three new species belonging to the green-ascospored clades are discovered. Their ...phylogenetic positions are determined by sequence analyses of the combined partial sequences of translation elongation factor 1-alpha and the second largest RNA polymerase subunit encoding genes. Morphology and culture characteristics are observed, described and illustrated in detail. Distinctions between the new species and their close relatives are compared and discussed. They are named as: T. aggregatum, T. alpinum, T. bannaense, T. breve, T. brevicrassum, T. byssinum, T. chlamydosporicum, T. concentricum, T. ganodermatis, T. hainanense, T. hengshanicum, T. hirsutum, T. hunanense, T. ingratum, T. liberatum, T. linzhiense, T. longisporum, T. polypori, T. pseudodensum, T. simplex, T. solum, T. undatipile and T. zayuense.
Mate choice copying refers to an agent copying the choice for a potential sexual/romantic partner made by a relevant model and has been observed across many species. This study investigated the ...neural profiles of two copying strategies in humans – acceptance and rejection copying – using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Female participants observed female models accepting, rejecting, or being undecided about (control), males as potential romantic partners before and after rating their own willingness to choose the same males. We found that observing acceptance shifted participants’ own choices towards acceptance, while observing rejection shifted participants’ choices towards rejection. A network of motivation-, conflict- and reinforcement learning related brain regions was activated for observing the models’ decisions. The rostral anterior cingulate gyrus (rACCg) and the caudate in particular were activated more strongly when observing acceptance. Activation in the inferior parietal lobe directly scaled with the magnitude of changes in choices after observing acceptance, while activation in the ACCg also scaled with changes after observing rejection. These findings point to partly dissociable neural profiles for copying strategies that might be linked to different contributions of incentive-driven and vicarious motivation, potentially reflecting the presence or absence of internalised reward experiences.
ObjectiveMost previous studies on abusive supervision (AS) and employee wellbeing have used cross-sectional designs and explored long-term effects. However, AS has been reported to vary on a daily ...basis and this variance exceeds inter-person variance. Therefore, the current study examined the short-term (within 1 day) effects of leaders’ daily AS on employee sleep and wellbeing. Based on the spillover effect theory, we posited that daily AS is a negative experience that can lead to insomnia, thereby affecting next-day wellbeing. In addition, we hypothesized that these effects could be moderated by individuals’ tendencies to engage in rumination (low or high).MethodA daily diary design was used to examine the relationship between daily AS and next-day wellbeing. Our analysis of data from 128 full-time employees across 10 consecutive working days using multi-level model.ResultsOur results showed that insomnia mediated the relationship between daily AS and next-day employee wellbeing, and further showed that this relationship was moderated by rumination.ConclusionsThese data demonstrate a spillover effect from AS at work to quality of sleep at home, and that use of rumination as a coping strategy can exacerbate the effects of AS on insomnia and next-day employee wellbeing.
The highly diverse genus Trichoderma has provided many formulations that are alternatives to the chemical pesticides in agriculture. The present study was undertaken to investigate the biocontrol ...potential of eight Trichoderma species, T. atrobrunneum, T. guizhouense, T. paratroviride, T. pyramidale, T. rufobrunneum, T. simmonsii, T. thermophilum and T. viridulum, against the phytopathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani. Trichoderma isolates were first evaluated in vitro by dual culture tests for their antagonism, mycoparasitic ability and antifungal activity against R. solani. Their growth promoting potential was further assessed in relation to phosphate solubilization, indole acetic acid and siderophore production. Five of the isolates were selected and evaluated for their abilities to prompt plant growth and to control R. solani infecting Vigna unguiculata (cowpea) seedlings in vivo. Two most effective isolates, T. guizhouense 9185 and T. simmonsii 8702, significantly (P<0.05) reduced the disease severity incidences (36.6 and 45.0％, respectively) and promoted plant growth, which have good prospects for application.
The behavioral activation system (BAS) and the behavioral inhibition system (BIS) have been proposed to relate to stable traits that predict inter-individual differences in motivation. Prior reports ...point dopamine (DA) pathways, mainly including ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra (SN), implicate in subserving reward-related functions associated with BAS and inhibitory functions related with BIS. However, as an important factor that affects DA releasing, it remains an open question whether the ovarian hormones may also be related to BIS/BAS. Here, to investigate effects of the estradiol (E2) and progesterone (PROG) on BIS/BAS and related DA pathways, we employed a BIS/BAS scale and the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during the late follicular phase (FP) and the mid-luteal phase (LP). On the behavioral level, when women had high PROG levels, their E2 levels were found positively correlated with BIS scores, but those women whose PROG levels were low, their E2 levels were negative correlation with BIS scores. On the neural level, we demonstrated BAS was related with the VTA pathway, included brain reward regions of nucleus accumbens (NAc) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Meanwhile, the BIS was correlated with the SN-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) pathway. ROI-based resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) analyses further revealed that, RSFC between the SN and dlPFC was modulated by ovarian hormones. With higher PROG levels, increased E2 levels among women were accompanied by stronger RSFC of the SN-dlPFC, but when PROG levels were low, E2 levels were negatively correlated with the SN-dlPFC RSFC. These findings revealed a combined enhancement effect of E2 and PROG on BIS, and the SN-dlPFC pathway was mainly involved in this process.
Gallbladder cancer is a rare but aggressive malignancy that is often diagnosed at an advanced stage and is associated with poor outcomes.
To develop a radiomics model to discriminate between benign ...and malignant gallbladder lesions using enhanced computed tomography (CT) imaging.
All patients had a preoperative contrast-enhanced CT scan, which was independently analyzed by two radiologists. Regions of interest were manually delineated on portal venous phase images, and radiomics features were extracted. Feature selection was performed using mRMR and LASSO methods. The patients were randomly divided into training and test groups at a ratio of 7:3. Clinical and radiomics parameters were identified in the training group, three models were constructed, and the models' prediction accuracy and ability were evaluated using AUC and calibration curves.
In the training group, the AUCs of the clinical model and radiomics model were 0.914 and 0.968, and that of the nomogram model was 0.980, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in diagnostic accuracy between nomograms and radiomics features (
<0.05). There was no significant difference in diagnostic accuracy between the nomograms and clinical features (
>0.05) or between the clinical features and radiomics features (
>0.05). In the testing group, the AUC of the clinical model and radiomics model were 0.904 and 0.941, and that of the nomogram model was 0.948, respectively. There was no significant difference in diagnostic accuracy between the three groups (
>0.05).
It was suggested that radiomics analysis using enhanced CT imaging can effectively discriminate between benign and malignant gallbladder lesions.
Increasing research has focused on how ovarian hormones influence individual prosocial motivation and cooperation. However, most results remain ambiguous and contradictory. Here, we collected ...progesterone (PROG) and oestradiol from 62 healthy women with regular menstrual cycles to explore whether variations in ovarian hormones could flexibly change their cooperative preference according to their opponents' strategies in multiple rounds of a prisoner's dilemma (PD) game. Participants in different menstrual phases (32 in the follicular phase FP and 30 in the luteal phase LP) were asked to complete 20 rounds of PD games with each of three computer opponents holding different cooperative strategies. The results revealed that in PD games that did not require cooperation for increased outcomes, women in the LP (high PROG) reduced their cooperation rate more significantly than women in the FP (low PROG). In contrast, when the game design required reciprocity, simultaneously elevated levels of PROG and oestradiol predicted greater instances of participants choosing to cooperate. Furthermore, we found that elevated PROG levels accounted for women's elevated prosocial choices, regardless of the need to increase outcomes through cooperation. These results implied higher levels of PROG and oestradiol influence women's cooperative strategies resulting in increased social interactions.
•Women in the luteal phase exhibit significantly lower cooperation rates than women in the follicular phase in prisoner's dilemma games that required greater gains through competition.•Progesterone is positively correlated with women's cooperation rates, regardless of whether or not opponents employ competitive strategies.•The combined effect of progesterone and oestradiol on women’s cooperation rates when competing with a tit-for-tat opponent was observed.
Clavulanic acid (CA) is a naturally occurring antibiotic produced by
Streptomyces clavuligerus
. Statistical optimization of the fermentation medium for CA production by
Streptomyces clavuligerus
was ...carried out. Multiple carbon sources, glycerol, dextrin, and triolein, were considered simultaneously
.
A two-level fractional factorial design experiment was conducted to identify the significant components of medium on CA production. Statistical analysis of the results showed that soybean meal, dextrin, and triolein were the most significant medium ingredients on CA production. The optimal level of these screened components was obtained by RSM based on the result of a Box-Behnken design, in which the values of dextrin, soybean meal, and triolein in CA fermentation medium were 12.37 g/L, 39.75 g/L, and 26.98 ml/L, respectively. Using the proposed optimized medium, the model predicted 938 mg/L of CA level and via experimental rechecking the model, 946 mg/L of CA level was attained in shake flask fermentation, significantly high than 630 mg/L of original medium. The optimized medium was further verified in 50-L stirred fermenter, and compared with performance of original medium in parallel, CA titer was increased from 889 to 1310 mg/L; a 47% increase was achieved through medium optimization by statistical approaches.
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