Over generations, decaying family social capital is a primary cause of enterprise wealth loss in enterprise families that share ownership of multiple entities and multiple assets. We answer recent ...calls to uncover the origins of family social capital by studying seven old, wealthy, and large transgenerational enterprise families. We complement existing research on wealth creation through entrepreneurship by offering a deeper understanding of how family social capital is enhanced in transgenerational enterprise families. Our inductive qualitative study finds that enterprise family social capital appears to be enhanced by family governance, family learning, family identity, and physical grounding.
The introduction of non-native organisms into new areas may pose major threats to natural ecosystems. Therefore, continuous and careful national surveys for the interception of invasive non-native ...species are necessary. During the national survey of quarantine species in 2023, two new non-native ambrosia beetles, Anisandrus maiche (Kurentzov) and Xylosandrus compactus (Eichhoff), were recorded in Slovenia. Anisandrus maiche was recorded in three locations in the eastern part of Slovenia, with a total of 386 individuals. Three individuals of Xylosandrus compactus were collected in one location near the port of Koper. We discuss the possible pathways of introduction and dispersal.
This paper is an updated checklist of the hoverflies of Slovenia. Since the last checklist of 274 species published by de Groot & Govedič in 2008, a large number of additional specimens have been ...collected and studied. In the present study, 42 species are reported for the first time for the Slovenian hoverfly fauna. Sphegina sublatifrons Vujić, 1990 is deleted from the Slovenian list. In total, 362 species from 77 genera are reported. According to the IUCN European Red List of Hoverflies, 29 species are classified as Endangered, 9 as Vulnerable, 19 as Near Threatened, 302 as Least Concern and 3 as Data Deficient. The distribution of species per region in Slovenia is presented. With 243 species, Upper Carniola hosts the largest number of registered species, followed by Central Slovenia (233 spp.), Gorizia (230 spp.), Savinja and Littoral Inner-Carniola (both with 173 spp.), Coastal-Karst (133 spp.), Southeast Slovenia (71 spp.), Drava (60 spp.), Carinthia (56 spp.), Lower Sava (52 spp.), Mura (47 spp.) and Central Sava (8 spp.). A significant increase in the number of new records has been noted in recent decades, and the possible reasons for this trend are also discussed here.
Despite significant discussion surrounding the benefits of family social capital in family business research, precisely how it is built and maintained by enterprise families remains unclear. To ...explore how and when family governance practices can avoid the decay of enterprise family social capital, we examine the mediating role of family identity and the significance of both generational and business ownership. Testing of our moderated mediation framework using data from 175 enterprise families globally suggests that family governance can stimulate family social capital by strengthening family identity. We also find a negative moderating role for business ownership in this indirect relationship.
Increasing trends in environmental temperatures and changes in the hydrological cycle caused by climate change are affecting organisms around the world. Water balance is an important feature of ...organisms as warmer and drier environments increase water vapour pressure deficit and cutaneous water loss. The aim of our study was to understand the hourly kinetics of losses under water-restricted conditions. In general, these kinetics are thought to be negligible, and values from water loss studies have often been summed or averaged for population and species comparisons. We compiled a cross-species data set of instantaneous water loss (EWL
i
) of lizards in which weight was recorded every hour for 12 h (a period considered ecologically relevant for lizards) under standardized conditions with minimal disturbance. We statistically tested whether the duration of the experiment affected the values and found that the duration affected 83% of the data sets. In most cases, water loss was significantly higher during the first hour. This is likely a result of increased activity due to acclimation to the experimental conditions. However, as the experiment progressed, other temporal patterns of EWL
i
occurred that were not consistent between species. In addition, the average value and the first and last values of EWL
i
changed significantly for most species as the experiment progressed. These results suggest that the hourly kinetics of water loss should not be ignored, while experimental procedures in which EWL is recorded continuously rather than only at the beginning and end of the experiment should be used to find finer temporal variations.
Although retrogressive flow slides in subaqueous sandy slopes can be very large and cause substantial damage, the failure mechanisms of such slides are not very clear yet. This study analyses two ...well-monitored flow slides in a shoal margin in the Western Scheldt estuary in the Netherlands: a natural flow slide that eroded 300 m into the edge of the shoal and an artificially induced flow slide that was triggered by dredging and eroded only 30 m of the shoal margin. Both slides were simulated with a newly developed numerical model that describes the physics of slow retrogressive breaching and the much faster retrogression of statically liquefied fine to medium (silty) sands. The simulations show that the differences in trigger and size can be explained by assuming that in the larger slide both retrogressive breaching and static liquefaction took place, while in the smaller one only breaching occurred. The main contribution of retrogressive liquefaction to the larger slide was the generation of a temporary high-erosive density flow that proved sufficient to create such a high, near-vertical slope that the breaching process could continue over a long period and distance. It is therefore likely that both breaching and static liquefaction play a role in large natural flow slides.
Kudzu vine (Pueraria montana var. lobata; Fabaceae) was included on the list of invasive alien species of (European) Union concern in 2016, according to EU Regulation 1143/2014 on the prevention and ...management of the introduction and spread of invasive alien species. In the Flora Croatica Database this species is recorded under its synonym Pueraria thunbergiana Benth. for Split (Central Dalmatia), so its presence in Croatia was overlooked until it was discovered in Malinska on the island of Krk in August 2018. Recent field observations confirm that, in addition to Malinska, it is also present in Šestanovac (Central Dalmatia), the Trsteno Arboretum and in Dubrovnik (South Dalmatia). Localities in Gradac and Seget (Central Dalmatia) were also recently discovered. Literature and herbaria data as well as internet resources indicate that kudzu vine has been historically grown as an ornamental species in Croatia. Considering its invasiveness as reported in several countries and its ornamental uses, other unknown localities of cultivated or naturalized kudzu vine could exist along the Croatian coast.
Kudzu (Pueraria montana var. lobata, Fabaceae) : signalement en Croatie de cette espèce exotique envahissante préoccupante pour l'Union européenne (Règlement UE n°1143/2014)
Le kudzu (Pueraria montana var. lobata, Fabaceae) a été ajouté sur la liste des espèces exotiques envahissantes préoccupantes pour l'Union européenne en 2016, conformément au Règlement UE n°1143/2014 sur la prévention et la gestion de l'introduction et de la dissémination des espèces exotiques envahissantes. Lors de son signalement à Split (Dalmatie centrale), cette espèce a été enregistrée sous son synonyme Pueraria thunbergiana Benth. dans la base de données Flora Croatica, de sorte que sa présence en Croatie est passée inaperçue jusqu'à ce qu'elle soit découverte en août 2018 à Malinska, sur l'île de Krk. Des observations récentes sur le terrain confirment qu'elle est également présente dans la ville de Šestanovac (Dalmatie centrale), à l'arboretum de Trsteno ainsi que dans la ville de Dubrovnik (Dalmatie du Sud). Des populations ont également été récemment découvertes à Gradac et Seget (Dalmatie centrale). Les informations trouvées dans la littérature, les herbiers et les ressources disponibles sur internet indiquent que le kudzu a été historiquement cultivé en tant qu’espèce ornementale en Croatie. Compte tenu de son caractère envahissant tel que signalé dans plusieurs pays et de ses utilisations ornementales, il pourrait exister d’autres sites encore inconnus sur la côte croate où se trouve du kudzu cultivé ou naturalisé.
Лоза кудзу (Pueraria montana var. lobata, Fabaceae) ‐ инвазивный чужеродный вид, вызывающий озабоченность Союза (Регламентация ЕС 1143/2014), в Хорватии
Пуэрария дольчатая, или кудзу (Pueraria montana var. lobata; Fabaceae) в 2016 г. была включена в перечень инвазивных чужеродных видов, вызывающих озабоченность (Европейского) Союза, в соответствии с Регламентацией ЕС 1143/2014 о предотвращении и регулировании интродукции и распространения инвазивных чужеродных видов. В базе данных «Флора Хорватии» этот вид был зарегистрирован под синонимом Pueraria thunbergiana Benth. для Сплита (Центральная Далмация), поэтому его присутствие в Хорватии оставалось незамеченным, пока в августе 2018 г. он не был обнаружен в Малинске на острове Крк. Недавние полевые наблюдения подтвердили, что помимо Малинска этот вид также присутствует в Шестановаце (Центральная Далмация), дендрарии Трстено и в Дубровнике (Южная Далмация). Недавно он также был обнаружен в Градаце и Сегете (Центральная Далмация). Данные литературы и гербариев, а также интернет‐ресурсы свидетельствуют о том, что в Хорватии пуэрарию дольчатую исторически выращивали как декоративный вид. Учитывая инвазивность этого вида, о которой сообщается в ряде стран, и его декоративное использование, на хорватском побережье могут существовать и другие неизвестные места произрастания культивируемой или натурализованной пуэрарии дольчатой.
Communication via substrate-borne vibrations is the most widespread form of acoustic communication in arthropods. However, remarkably little is known about physiological sources of selection on ...vibrational communication systems, in particular those underlying mate choice and male competition. Here, we studied the energetic cost of vibrational signalling in the leafhopper Aphrodes makarovi (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). We measured O₂ consumption of a single male for 15-30 min using the closed-bottle method and a lifetimebased optode, while we recorded emitted vibrational signals with a laser vibrometer. Males were emitting three types of vibrational signals (advertisement calls, masking signals and pulse signals), and the respiration rate was significantly positively correlated with the cumulative signalling time. Our results showed that vibrational signalling was around 12.4 times energetically more demanding than resting. Furthermore, production of masking signals emitted in rivalry situations was as energetically demanding as production of advertisement calls used in sexual communication between partners. We also assessed the effect of calling effort on male survival. We determined calling effort by playback experiments once every week of male's adult life until death. The average male longevity was 50 days, and survival was negatively correlated with the number of emitted advertisement calls, calling rate and calling time in early life. Considering that in mating systems based on vibrational signals, communication occurs in a changing social environment, more detailed studies on indirect costs of signalling in such systems may provide new insights into mechanisms that lead to adaptive plasticity in male sexual behaviour.
Species interactions: next‐level citizen science Groom, Quentin; Pernat, Nadja; Adriaens, Tim ...
Ecography (Copenhagen),
December 2021, 2021-12-00, 20211201, Volume:
44, Issue:
12
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
We envisage a future research environment where digital data on species interactions are easily accessible and comprehensively cover all species, life stages and habitats. To achieve this goal, we ...need data from many sources, including the largely untapped potential of citizen science for mobilising and utilising existing information on species interactions. Traditionally volunteers contributing information on the occurrence of species have focused on single‐species observations from within one target taxon. We make recommendations on how to improve the gathering of species interaction data through citizen science, which data should be collected and how it can be motivated. These recommendations include providing feedback in the form of network visualisations, leveraging a wide variety of other data sources and eliciting an emotional connection to the species in question. There are many uses for these data, but in the context of biological invasions, information on species interactions will increase understanding of the effects of invasive alien species on recipient communities and ecosystems. We believe that the inclusion of ecological networks as a concept within citizen science, not only for initiatives focussed on biological invasions but also across other ecological themes, will not only enrich scientific knowledge on species interactions but also deepen the experience and enjoyment of citizens themselves.
In recent decades, there have been an increasing number of outbreaks of Ips typographus in Europe. A large amount of sanitary felling has taken place, with significant economic and ecological ...consequences. In order to anticipate such large‐scale outbreaks, an effective monitoring system should be set up. One important aspect of monitoring is deciding which pheromone to use. Therefore, we decided to test five different commercially available pheromone lures under different disturbance conditions: Pheroprax®, IT Ecolure Extra®, Ipstyp®, Ipsowit® and Typosan®. We investigated the ability of the pheromones to distinguish between disturbed and undisturbed locations, their cost‐efficiency ratio, and side effects such as bycatch abundance and composition. We set 50 traps in two areas with sites that were disturbed and undisturbed by windstorms. We collected the catch from traps every 1–2 weeks from the end of March until the end of September in 2019. We found that IT Ecolure Extra®, Ipsowit® and ® Pheroprax® caught the most I. typographus and best showed changes in the trap catch of I. typographus throughout the whole season. There was a low amount of bycatch (<6% of the total catch) and a low number of predators (a few specimens), but some groups seem to prefer certain pheromones. The cost of the pheromones increased with their effectiveness. However, pheromone costs are low relative to the personnel costs involved in setting traps and collecting the catch. Based on all of the gathered data, we created an index which helps to assess the cost‐efficiency of the five chosen commercially available pheromones. We also present guidelines on how to make such an index to assist other researchers in choosing the right pheromone for monitoring populations of I. typographus or other bark beetle species.
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