The aim of the present study was to identify, through ecotoxicological assays, the most critical areas in the Baixada Santista area by compiling scientific papers and technical reports of the state ...environmental agency. Sediment samples were assessed employing Tiburonella viscana, Leptocheirus plumulosus, Nitokra sp., and embryos of Lytechinus variegatus and Perna perna. Water column samples were assessed by using Vibrio fischeri and Lytechinus variegatus. A total of 217 samples were compiled. It was found that the frequency of acute toxicity was higher in integral sediment samples from the Santos Channel (70.68%) and the lowest frequency was obtained for Bertioga beach samples (15%). Sediment from the Santos and São Vicente Channels, Santos Bay and the area for the disposal of dredged material are the places most affected, whereas the beaches of Guarujá and Bertioga presented low levels of toxicity. No ecotoxicological studies were found in Mongaguá, Itanhaém or Peruíbe cities.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar, através de ensaios ecotoxicológicos com amostras ambientais, as áreas mais críticas na Baixada Santista compilando trabalhos científicos e relatórios técnicos do órgão ambiental estadual. Para o sedimento foram utilizadas espécies como Tiburonella viscana e Leptocheirus plumulosus, Nitokra sp, embriões de Lytechinus variegatus e de Perna perna. Para a coluna de água foram realizados ensaios com Vibrio fischeri e Lytechinus variegatus. No total foram compiladas 217 amostras. Verificou-se que a frequência de toxicidade aguda foi maior nas amostras de sedimento integral do Canal de Santos (70,68%), e a menor frequência foi obtida para as praias de Bertioga (15%). O sedimento do Canal de Santos, Canal de São Vicente e Baía de Santos e da área de descarte do material dragado foram as regiões mais afetadas, enquanto que as Praias de Bertioga e Guarujá foram as de menor frequência de toxicidade. Não foram identificados estudos para os municípios de Mongaguá, Itanhaém e Peruíbe.
São Paulo state (Brazil) has one of the most overpopulated coastal zones in South America, where previous studies have already detected sediment and water contamination. However, biological-based ...monitoring considering signals of xenobiotic exposure and effects are scarce. The present study employed a battery of biomarkers under field conditions to assess the environmental quality of this coastal zone. For this purpose, the activity of CYP 450, antioxidant enzymes, DNA damage, lipid peroxidation and lysosomal membrane were analysed in caged mussels and integrated using Factorial Analysis. A representation of estimated factor scores was performed in order to confirm the factor descriptions characterizing the studied areas. Biomarker responses indicated signals of mussels' impaired health during the monitoring, which pointed to the impact of different sources of contaminants in the water quality and identified critical areas. This integrated approach produced a rapid, sensitive and cost-effective assessment, which could be incorporated as a descriptor of environmental status in future coastal zones biomonitoring.
The physiological conditions of mussels from Ubatuba and Santos and also of organisms transplanted from Ubatuba to Santos were studied by using different techniques. Assays for lysosomal stability ...were conducted on the haemolymph. Heart rate activity was monitored for 6h. The embryonic development of larvae obtained from the collected mussels was analysed. For all the compared groups of mussels, no significant differences were observed for the cardiac activity monitoring and the embryonic bioassays. The mean Neutral Red (NR) retention time was similar for the animals from Santos and Ubatuba, whereas the organisms transplanted to Santos showed a reduction in the retention time of the dye, indicating damage in the lysosomal membranes. These differences were possibly due to environmental factors, but further investigations are required to confirm this hypothesis.
Neste trabalho, foi realizado um estudo das condições fisiológicas de mexilhões de Santos e Ubatuba e também de organismos transplantados de Santos para Ubatuba, por meio de diferentes técnicas analíticas. Foram realizados testes de estabilidade lisossômica, utilizando células da hemolinfa, monitoramento da atividade cardíaca por 6 horas e ensaios de desenvolvimento embrionário, com ovos obtidos a partir de cada grupo de mexilhões. A atividade cardíaca e o desenvolvimento embrionário foram semelhantes para os três grupos estudados. O tempo de retenção do vermelho neutro foi similar entre os animais coletados em Santos e Ubatuba, enquanto os organismos transplantados para Santos apresentaram redução no tempo de retenção do corante, indicando desestabilização das membranas lisossômicas. As diferenças possivelmente se deveram a fatores ambientais, no entanto novos estudos são necessários para confirmar esta hipótese.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of contaminants in the mussel Perna perna from São Sebastião Channel, São Paulo, Brazil, and to evaluate the effects of these contaminants ...on these organisms at biochemical (catalase CAT, glutathione‐S‐transferase GST, and cholinesterase ChE), cellular (neutral red retention time NRRT assay), and physiological (cardiac monitoring) levels. Two sampling surveys were performed (winter of 2001 and summer of 2002) at six stations along the channel: Cigarras, station 1; Iate Clube de Ilhabela, station 2; Oil Terminal, station 3; Toque Toque, station 4; Ponta da Sela, station 5 (reference station); and Taubaté, station 6. Differences in CAT activity were observed between mussels from stations 3 and 5 during the winter, but no differences were detected in the summer. No differences in GST activity were found among stations during the winter, although animals from station 3 showed higher activity during the summer. The ChE activity was significantly higher in the mussels from stations 1 and 2 during the winter and from stations 1 and 3 during the summer. Organisms from stations 1 through 4 showed statistically lower NRRT in both seasons. Similar heart rates were observed in the mussels from all stations. Hydrocarbons were detected in organisms from all the stations in both seasons. During the winter, higher polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) levels were observed in organisms from station 3, whereas during the summer, higher levels of metals were found in organisms from stations 1,3, and 4. The multivariate analyses showed a strong influence of PAHs on the winter biological results, but metals showed higher influence on these responses in the summer, indicating multiple contaminant sources.
Sediments represent an important environmental compartment, because they provide substrate for a range of species and may accumulate contaminants in high concentrations. However, the universe of ...methods to assess the quality of sediments is still small. This investigation aimed to assess the quality of sediments from some sites of Ubatuba (SE Brazil). To achieve that, sediments were analyzed for the presence of PAHs, by immunoassay ELISA kit for the carcinogenic PAH (c-PAH) RaPID Assay, and for toxicity to amphipods, sea-urchin embryos and direct exposure of mussel hemocytes and measurements of the nuetral red retention time (NRTT). Results showed higher levels of PAHs in sediments from Itagua and Ribeira, those more intensely affected by contamination sources. The ecotoxicological analyses indicated these two sites as more degraded, together with the sediments from Lamberto Beach, which is also influenced by nautical activities. The NRRT correlated with the quantities of PAHs in sediments. We concluded that Ribeira Bay and Itaguá Beach need more detailed investigation on pollution and that the NRRT assay exposing directly hemocytes to sediment elutriates can be a useful tool to assessing sediment quality.
The present study aimed to evaluate the seasonal variation of microphytobenthic biomass and its primary production in the intertidal zone in Santos Estuary (São Paulo, Brazil). This estuary is on the ...tropical region and it is regarded as a polluted area. The samples were collected at 3 sites, and environmental parameters, nutrients and heavy metals were analyzed. The primary production was evaluated according to GRφNTVED (1960) method whereas chlorophyll a and phaeopigment a were estimated by TETT et al. (1975) method. Total nitrogen K ranged from 20.0 to 115.0 µg·g-1 while total phosphate ranged from 26.0 to 223.0 µg·g-1. No significant seasonal variation of benthic primary production or chlorophyll a and phaeopigment a were observed. Significant positive correlation was found for microbenthic primary production and chlorophyll a. Primary production showed lower correlations whit nitrate, total nitrogen K, total phosphate and organic matter in the sediment. The values of phaeopigment a were higher than chlorophyll a. The means for chlorophyll a were 10.4 µg·m-2 , 14.9 µg·m-2, 28.6 µg·m-2, 39.7 µg·m-2 and 26.7 µg·m-2. The mean values for primary production were 40.7 mgC·m-2.h-1 (summer); 51.3 mgC·m-2·h-1 (autumn); 84.3 mgC·m-2·h-1 (winter); 140.0 mgC·m-2·h-1 (spring) and 60.8 mgC·m-2·h-1 (summer).
Avaliação preliminar da biodegradabilidade de tensoativos aniônicos em água do mar Mastroti, Ricardo Rodrigues(Universidade de São Paulo Instituto Ocenográfico); Sousa, Eduinetty Ceci Pereira Moreira de(Universidade de São Paulo Instituto Ocenográfico); Abessa, Denis Moledo de Souza(Universidade de São Paulo Instituto Ocenográfico) ...
Brazilian journal of oceanography,
1998, Volume:
46, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Com a finalidade de avaliar a biodegradabilidade de quatro tensoativos aniônicos (ASSL, DSS, n-DBSS, TPBSS) em água do mar, foram realizados testes, de 19 dias, seguindo o método exigido pelo ...Ministério da Saúde para a aprovação de produtos comerciais. Esse método sofreu modificações para que pudesse ser realizado em água do mar uma vez que foi originalmente descrito para água doce. Essas modificações foram consideradas satisfatórias uma vez que o inóculo manteve-se ativo até o final do teste. Com base nos resultados dos testes, há evidências de que o processo de biodegradação ocorre mais lentamente em água do mar do que em água doce.
In order to evaluate the biodegradability of four anionic surfactants (LAS, SDS, n-SDBS, STPBS) in sea water, 19-day biodegradation tests were conducted, according to the method required by the Health Ministry for approval of commercial products. This method was modified for testing in sea water, as it originally had been described for freshwater. The modifications were considered sufficient as the microorganisms remain active till the end of the test. The results suggested that the biodegradation process was slower in sea water than in freshwater.
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