Durch das Zusammentreffen der bildungspolitischen Debatte, die auf die enttäuschenden Ergebnisse in der ersten PISA-Welle 2000 folgte, und die familienpolitische Diskussion über die Zukunft der ...Kinderbetreuung und die Vereinbarkeit von Familien- und Berufsleben hat die Ganztagsschule in den letzten zehn Jahren einen deutlichen Aufschwung erfahren. Gegenwärtig sind ungefähr 47 % der deutschen Schulen Ganztagsschulen. Diese positive Entwicklung kann auf das Investitionsprogramm "Zukunft Bildung und Betreuung" (IZBB) zurückgeführt werden. Innerhalb dieses Programms stellte die Bundesregierung eine Summe von vier Milliarden Euro für den Auf- und Ausbau von Ganztagsschulen zur Verfügung. Darüber hinaus, und eng verbunden damit, haben die Bundesländer verschiedenste eigene Programme aufgelegt, um den qualitativen und quantitativen Ausbau der Ganztagsschule zu fördern. Auch die Bildungsforschung hat von dieser Entwicklung profitiert. Innerhalb des IZBB wurde eine große Zahl von Forschungsprojekten zur Ganztagsschule gefördert. Die bedeutendste und aufwändigste Studie ist die "Studie zur Entwicklung von Ganztagsschulen" (StEG). Dieses Sonderheft der Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft gibt einen aktuellen Überblick zentraler Ergebnisse von StEG und einer Reihe weiterer Studien, die sich mit spezifischen Fragestellungen der Ganztagsschule beschäftigen. (DIPF/Orig.).
Based on the coincidence of the educational debate following the disappointing results in the first PISA study (2000) and the public debate about the future of child care and balance of family and working life the all-day school has experienced a considerable upswing in the past ten years. Currently about 47% of all schools are all-day schools. This positive development can be attributed to the investment programme "Zukunft Bildung und Betreuung" (A Future for Education and Care, IZBB). Within its framework, the federal government provides a total sum of 4 billion Euros for the development of all-day schools. Moreover, and in close connection, numerous initiatives have been launched by the Länder states that aim at the qualitative and quantitative enhancement of all-day schools. Educational research has benefited from this development as well. Within the framework of IZBB many research projects on all-day schools have been funded. The most prominent of them is the "Study on the Development of All-day Schools" (StEG). The special issue of the Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft gives an up to date overview of some major results of StEG and some other studies dealing with several issues of all-day schooling. (DIPF/Orig.).
Static stress change has been proposed as a mechanism of earthquake triggering. We quantitatively evaluate this model for the apparent triggering of aftershocks by the 1992 MW 7.3 Landers and 1994 MW ...6.7 Northridge earthquakes. Specifically, we test whether the fraction of aftershocks consistent with static stress change triggering is greater than the fraction of random events which would appear consistent by chance. Although static stress changes appear useful in explaining the triggering of some aftershocks, the model's capability to explain aftershock occurrence varies significantly between sequences. The model works well for Landers aftershocks. Approximately 85% of events between 5 and 75 km distance from the mainshock fault plane are consistent with static stress change triggering, compared to ∼50% of random events. The minimum distance is probably controlled by limitations of the modeling, while the maximum distance may be because static stress changes of <0.01 MPa trigger too few events to be detected. The static stress change triggering model, however, can not explain the first month of the Northridge aftershock sequence significantly better than it explains a set of random events. The difference between the Landers and Northridge sequences may result from differences in fault strength, with static stress changes being a more significant fraction of the failure stress of weak Landers‐area faults. Tectonic regime, regional stress levels, and fault strength may need to be incorporated into the static stress change triggering model before it can be used reliably for seismic hazard assessment.
This paper shows that network linkage is an important determinant of location choice in foreign direct investment (FDI). Network linkages are divided into internal (intra-firm) and external ...(inter-firm) linkages. External linkages are further separated into strategic and relational linkages. We found that Taiwanese firms are keen on making external linkages, but are indifferent to, or incapable of, making internal linkages through FDI. Strategic linkages motivate Taiwanese FDI in the United States, while relational linkages facilitate Taiwanese FDI in Southeast Asia and China. Small firms are more sensitive to relational linkages than large firms in their choice of FDI location.
The source parameters of the 1994 Bolivian earthquake (magnitude M$_w$ = 8.3) suggest that the maximum seismic efficiency η was 0.036 and the minimum frictional stress was 550 bars. Thus, the source ...process was dissipative, which is consistent with the observed slow rupture speed, only 20% of the local S-wave velocity. The amount of nonradiated energy produced during the Bolivian rupture was comparable to, or larger than, the thermal energy of the 1980 Mount St. Helens eruption and was sufficient to have melted a layer as thick as 31 centimeters. Once rupture was initiated, melting could occur, which reduces friction and promotes fault slip.
In 1994 the Zapatista rebellion brought international attention to the southern Mexican state of Chiapas. Neil Harvey combines ten years of field work in Chiapas with extensive historical and ...political research to provide a comprehensive history of conflict in this region and a nuanced analysis of this rural uprising against federal bureaucracy and landed elites. Beginning with an exploration of the history of ethnic and class conflict in Chiapas since the Conquest, Harvey moves specifically to trace the development of peasant and indigenous organizations in Chiapas since the early 1970s. He compares the struggles for agrarian rights of three grassroots movements facing hostility from both local elites and federal bureaucrats. His examination of the complexities of political change in Chiapas includes the impact of neoliberal economic policies, the origins of the Zapatista army of National Liberation (EZLN), and the political impact of the rebellion itself. Engaging with current theoretical debates on the role and significance of social movements in Mexico and Latin America, Harvey focuses on the primacy of political struggle and on the importance of these movements in the construction and meaning of citizenship. While suggesting that the Zapatista revolution has heightened awareness among the people of Chiapas of such democratic issues as ethnicity, gender, and land distribution, he concludes with an analysis of the obstacles to peace in the region today. This unprecedented study of the Zapatista rebellion will provoke discussion among students and scholars of contemporary Mexico, political science, Latin American studies, history, sociology, and anthropology.
This paper investigates various aspects of Asian entrepreneurship based on a survey of small Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi businesses in Britain. It analyses the motives for business entry, the ...choice of initial business, the factors that influence business success and the validity of treating Asian businesses as a homogeneous group. It cannot support the hypothesis that Asians were pushed into self-employment in order to avoid unemployment. The nature of entrepreneurial entry, predominantly through small retail businesses, depends largely on the access to informal, rather than formal, sources of capital and information or advice as well as on the entrant's previous experience. Business success appears to be closely related both to the share of personal capital invested at start-up and to the entrepreneur's educational qualifications. The evidence suggests that the motives for business entry differ among the three Asian communities studied although that does not seem to have a lasting effect on their business success. The predisposition of many well educated Asian migrants towards establishing businesses with their own capital in an unfamiliar environment illustrates their entrepreneurial spirit. The paper points to the potential role of banks and government agencies in encouraging the creation of many more such small businesses in Britain.
The birth of a new South Africa Davenport, T. R. H
The birth of a new South Africa,
c1998, 19980121, 1998, 1998-01-01, 19980101, Volume:
1995
eBook
Davenport describes the changes that took place leading to the end of apartheid, the process of reconciliation among the various elements of South African society, and discusses the country?s ...peace-making and constitution-building efforts.
The information revolution is leading to the rise of network forms of organization in which small, previously isolated groups can communicate, link up, and conduct coordinated joint actions as never ...before. This in turn is leading to a new mode of conflict--netwar--in which the protagonists depend on using network forms of organization, doctrine, strategy, and technology. Many actors across the spectrum of conflict--from terrorists, guerrillas, and criminals who pose security threats, to social activists who may not--are developing netwar designs and capabilities. The Zapatista movement in Mexico is a seminal case of this. In January 1994, a guerrilla-like insurgency in Chiapas by the Zapatista National Liberation Army (EZLN), and the Mexican government's response to it, aroused a multitude of civil-society activists associated with human-rights, indigenous-rights, and other types of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to swarm--electronically as well as physically--from the United States, Canada, and elsewhere into Mexico City and Chiapas. There, they linked with Mexican NGOs to voice solidarity with the EZLN's demands and to press for nonviolent change. Thus, what began as a violent insurgency in an isolated region mutated into a nonviolent though no less disruptive social netwar that engaged the attention of activists from far and wide and had nationwide and foreign repercussions for Mexico. This study examines the rise of this social netwar, the information-age behaviors that characterize it (e.g., extensive use of the Internet), its effects on the Mexican military, its implications for Mexico's stability, and its implications for the future occurrence of social netwars elsewhere around the world.
The choice between organic and conventional produce was estimated empirically using a two-equation probit model. Data were collected in-store on cosmetic defects, produce prices, and consumers' ...demographic and economic traits. Store choice displayed a significant impact on the probability of purchasing organic produce. Shoppers at the specialty grocer were sensitive to price differences between organic and conventional items. Households with children under eighteen were more likely to purchase organic produce while shoppers with graduate or professional degrees were less likely to do so. Differences in cosmetic defects had statistically significant albeit small effects on the probability of purchasing organics.
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