Optimizing tourism potential in the Balikpapan Protected Forest (BPF) is one of the efforts that the Balikpapan government can make to reduce the long-standing social conflict in the area. However, ...these measures must be implemented wisely to ensure that biodiversity and natural ecosystems in BPF remain protected. This study aims to identify the location of the BPF area to be proposed as a potential location for a new tourist destination. Data collection was carried out through observation, indepth interviews, and focus group discussions. The data analysis used in this research is descriptive analysis, which is carried out by describing tourist destinations based on the 6A tourism principles (attractions, accessibility, amenities, additional services, available packages, and activities). The results show that there are 11 potential new tourist destinations in the BPF area. Most of it is agrotourism that uses social forestry land. Prospective new tourist destinations have specific activities, are easy to reach, and provide accommodation, amenities, and additional services. The addition of new tourist destinations in the BPF area can attract more visitors and increase sales of agricultural products. The government's agrotourism management plan in tourist forest areas has the potential to minimize social conflict, improve the regional economy, and provide a vehicle for environmental education for the community.
Development of Feed Expander Aliiev, E.; Dudin, V.; Kobets, O. ...
Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brașov. Series II, Forestry, wood industry, agricultural food engineering,
12/2023, Volume:
16, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Open access
The development's objective is to increase productivity and reduce energy consumption in the execution of the technological process of expanded feed preparation while ensuring the necessary quality ...and safety of the expandates. The rationale for the construction and technological scheme of the feed expander with an improved shaping nozzle has been provided. This nozzle differs in that it consists of a narrowed area of the cylinder, a concave cone, and a crown nut. When heated plasticized mass is moved into the narrowed area of the shaping nozzle, there is an increase in pressure, followed by a sharp decrease after it passes through. This is achieved by increasing the working volume due to the shape of the concave cone. As a result, the plasticized mass expands and exits through the crown nut, forming expandates. Through numerical modelling, the dynamics and distribution of feed mixture components in the cavity between the cylinder of the shaping nozzle and the cone have been determined based on the force of pressure and the force of contact interaction between feed components. This dependence on the radius of narrowing of the cylinder of the shaping nozzle, the radius of the concave cone, and the distance between the cone and the cylinder have been established. Regression equations for the density of the plasticized feed mixture components at the outlet of the shaping nozzle and the maximum pressure required to extrude the plasticized feed components through the shaping nozzle along their movement direction from the specified research factors have been derived. As a result of experimental studies of the compact feed expander, dependencies of the changes in expander productivity, power consumption, the specific energy consumption of the expansion process, and the density of obtained expatriates have been established to the moisture content of the compound feed, the gap between the cone and the nut, and the screw rotation speed.
Consumption of fresh and healthy vegetables in our diets aids protection from chronic diseases in humans. This study determined the effects of ultrasound as a pre-treatment technique on vitamin C, ...beta-carotene contents, and the weight loss of frozen African spinach (Amaranthus hybridus), and thereafter compared with the control. All the samples except the control were subjected to the ultrasound effects before freezing at frequency, time, and power ranges of 40-120 kHz, 10-30 min, and 50-150 W respectively. Result obtained indicated that the maximum vitamin C (99.5%) was obtained from the sample stored for 5 days under the treatment condition of 40 kHz, 50 W, and 20 min. However, the same sample retained more vitamin C within 5-20 days’ storage, while the pre-treated sample at 80 kHz, 100 W, and 10 min retained the maximum (80.9%) at 25 days of storage. The sample under the treatment condition of 80 kHz, 100 W, and 20 min lost more vitamin C (67.6, 66.6, and 59.2%) between 15-25 storage days. While for the beta-carotene, the sample with the treatment condition of 40 kHz, 50 W, and 20 min before freezing had the highest retention (99.8%) when stored for 5 days, and the same sample retained more at 10, and 15 days than others (97.6, and 92.4%). All pre-treated samples retained more beta-carotene at 25 days of storage when compared to the control with the least retention between 15-25 days. Furthermore, the least obtained content from the pre-treated samples was 64.9%, that is, a sample treated at 80 kHz, 100 W, and 20 min. The result revealed that Amaranthus hybridus was best preserved in pre-treated Amaranthus hybridus leaves. The optimum quality response occurs at 80kHz and 50 W for 30 min. This gives a vitamin C content of 31.1 mg/100g and a Betacarotene content of 10.5 mg/g at 0.694 desirability.
Low-Waste Technology of Fodder Grass Processing Kireeva, Valeria V.
Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brașov. Series II, Forestry, wood industry, agricultural food engineering,
12/2023, Volume:
16, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Open access
The article describes the peculiar features of plant processing for the conservation of fodder made of the leafy mass of hard-to-ensilage legume family cultures in agricultural complexes and ...deficiencies of the traditional treatment of the feedstock. The current technology of mechanical fractionation of legume grasses suggests the production of the basic product - the protein concentrate. The by-products are press residues - grass pulp and protein-free liquid, which are production wastes. The purpose of this work was to develop a comprehensive method of plant resources' use with waste disposal and application in fodder production. The novelty of the work is the method of combining the dehydration of the vegetative organs of the hard-to-ensilage sown legume fodder grasses through mechanical pressing and drying and the use of the resulting wastes - the press residues as raw material for fodder preparation. The humidity of the press residues was to be reduced to the level required for making haylage by using the method of low-temperature final drying in an experimental unit - a continuous-action direct heated drier. The results of studying the possibility of reducing the humidity of the press residues by low-temperature direct-heated drying and using it as raw material for haylage are presented in the article. The temperature and time ranges for the material drying in a direct-heated drier were established. The chemical composition of the vegetable stock and resulting haylage was analyzed, and the composition of the fermentation products, the feed, and caloric values, and the potential safety for animal organisms were determined. The suggested method ensures the comprehensive processing of the herbage with waste disposal and the production of high-quality animal fodder. In terms of quality parameters and environmental safety, the obtained fodder conformed to the regulatory requirements for the haylage to be used in the cattle stock diet.
Globally and in Vietnam, forests are crucial resources for economic activity and for the survival of flora and fauna. However, deforestation in tropical regions continues to have negative effects on ...ecosystem services, climate regulation, and biodiversity protection. This study used Landsat 5-TM and Landsat 9-OLI/TIRS satellite imagery to investigate the changes in forest cover in Tuyen Quang province, located in the Northeast region of Vietnam, from 1992 to 2022. The maximum likelihood algorithm was employed to classify the forests in 1992, 2010, and 2022, with classification accuracy evaluated using the kappa coefficient for each year (0.890, 0.897, and 0.937, respectively). Additionally, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) were used to assess forest cover losses and gains, and their outcomes were compared with the results of the supervised classification. The findings indicated a significant decline in forest cover in Tuyen Quang province over the years. In 1992, the forest cover was estimated at 89.63% (5,259.33 km2) of the total land area, which decreased to 68.14% (3,998.61 km2) in 2010, and subsequently increased to 75.14% (4,409.09 km2) in 2022. The conversion of forested areas for agriculture often leads to a substantial reduction in forest coverage. Furthermore, logging and illegal land use conversion have significantly contributed to this problem. Although appropriate policies for forest management and conservation have been implemented in the research area from 2010 to 2022, a long-term plan is necessary to ensure sustainable land use and effective forest resource conservation and development in the future.
Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines are increasingly popular in the production of furniture and wood products, because they combine high processing quality with short production time. The ...effective use of CNC machines depends on the processing parameters, which also affects the quality of the processed surface. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of feed rate, cutting direction, and grain direction on the surface roughness of various types of wood. Three European wood species (oak, beech, fir) were cut with a spindle speed of 16,000 rpm and two different feed rates (5,000 and 10,000 mm/min) using end mill tools on the CNC machine. The milling was performed in two cutting directions (radial and tangential) and two grain orientations (0° and 90°). An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to evaluate the impact of the cutting parameters. The surface roughness measurements were taken, and two surface roughness parameters (Ra and Rz) were measured to determine the surface quality of the wood. According to the results of this study, the lowest surface roughness values, milling with the same processing parameters, occurred for oak wood, while the highest values occurred for fir.
The STAR-CCM+ software package was used to create a model of the process of separating seed material from small-seeded crops on a cylindrical cellular trier. By taking into account the ...physic-mechanical properties of mustard seeds and the given initial and boundary conditions of the trier, a visualization of the separation process was obtained, which depended on several factors, including the number of seeds and impurities in the seed mixture, the rotation frequency of the trier cylinder, and the diameter of the trier cylinder. The numerical simulation of the process at a variable rotation frequency resulted in obtaining a relationship between the number of seeds and impurities, the relative content of impurity elements in the seed mixture in the tray, and the conditional performance of the separator, depending on the duration of cylinder rotation counterclockwise and clockwise. Based on the obtained dependencies of the numerical modeling and the results of the improvement of the TracTrac software package, a laboratory sample of an adaptive cylindrical cell trier was developed. This trier allows real-time, based on the received video image, to determine the trajectory of the seed flight and to control the position of the tray and the rotation frequency of the cylinder using Arduino UNO.
Legumes are one of the most potent sources of starches. However, soybean has a comparatively low content of starch as compared to other legumes. This study was conducted to analyze the selected ...physicochemical and functional properties of the extracted soybean starch by two different methods. The proximate analysis of the extracted soybean starch was reported as average values of 10% for moisture content, 0.22% for fat, 1.68% for ash 1.79% for crude fiber, and 0.49% for protein for the T1 sample. Similarly, for the T2 sample, the values found were 12, 0.19, 2.11, 2.05, and 0.74% for moisture content, fat, ash, crude fiber, and protein, respectively. The physical properties of the extracted soybean starch samples found variations in bulk density, tap density, angle of repose, and coefficient of friction for the Plywood surface, Mild steel surface, and SS 304 surface properties for T1 and T2 samples. The swelling power of the T1 sample was found 2.86 at 60℃, 4.32 at 70℃ 5.36 at 80℃ while the values for water absorption capacity and least gelation concentration were reported as 1.2ml/g and 6%, respectively. The results reveal that samples prepared from T1 samples had better physic-chemical and functional properties compared to the T2 sample.
An analysis of the literature on wood projects (n = 205) was conducted to understand current scientific trends, key issues, and the appropriate representation of scientific results. Four scientific ...questions were addressed: whether the number of citations in the literature follows a power function distribution after a value, whether there is any relationship between the number of articles and the number of citations per year, whether the publications available in Scopus can be considered a "true" representation of the publications, and whether the Lotka distribution for author productivity holds for the publication sample on wood projects. The power function distribution test shows that most articles have very few citations, while some articles have very many. This suggests that the scientific value of articles is not necessarily determined by the number of citations. There is a correlation between the number of publications and citations over the same period or slightly skewed in time. The Bradford distribution suggests that publications available in Scopus describing wood projects cannot be considered as a real representation of the publications on the subject. Despite this, the frequency of author productivity follows a Lotka distribution.
The Challenge of Strength Grading UK Hardwoods Cramer, Marlene
Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brașov. Series II, Forestry, wood industry, agricultural food engineering,
2023, Volume:
16
Journal Article
Open access
Recent research in Europe is bringing a wider range of wood species to the construction market as structural timber and glue laminated products. This option would also open markets for currently ...underused UK species, foremost hardwoods, but testing efforts when developing strength grading assignments for any minor UK species are prohibitive, as the resource is small and scattered. Grading approaches that require less material for destructive testing could be employed to open routes to market for structural hardwood products. In addition, the European hardwood research has revealed some gaps and uncertainties in grading standards. In particular, data are lacking to support adjustment equations for size, moisture content, and testing arrangement for hardwoods. This paper outlines a new PhD project that will focus on these problems and aims to develop an easier route for strength grading hardwoods.
