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Rosa roxburghii Tratt (Chestnut rose) is native to China where it is cultivated for its strongly aromatic hips (pseudo fruits); locally known as cili. Increasing interest in cili for food and ...beverage products prompted an evaluation of its aroma compounds and the influence of geographic source. Accordingly, the volatile compounds in cili from five locations in Guizhou province were analysed by headspace‐solid‐phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Sixty‐seven volatile compounds were identified. Principal component analysis distinguished three sample groups by geographic source. The aroma of cili juice from each location was characterized by quantitative descriptive analysis using six odour descriptors. Cili aroma was predominantly sweet/fruity, floral and green, but geographic source significantly influenced the intensity of the sweet/fruity and floral notes. Odour activity analyses indicated that 40 volatile compounds contribute appreciably to the aroma of cili. Of those compounds, only ten esters, two aldehydes, one alcohol and one aromatic compound were common to all regional samples. Those findings extend the range of volatiles detected in cili. These results identify those that are present in odour active amounts and provide the first evidence of the impact of geographic source on the aroma and flavour of cili.
Chestnut rose (Rosa roxburghii) hips (cili) have 67 identified volatile compounds
Cili from five Chinese geographic regions can be typified by volatile compounds.
Over 40 volatile compounds contribute substantially to the aroma of cili.
Sweet/fruity and floral cili rosehip aromas differ between regional samples.
A benchmark for future elucidation and regional discrimination of cili quality.
In this paper, we explore the predictive ability of the slope of the sovereign (government) yield curve for the Indian market. Instead of simply showing the predictive power of the yield curve, an ...attempt has been made to compare the predictive power of the yield curve slope with an estimated composite index of lead indicators (CILI) constructed with potential high frequency lead indicators. The non-agricultural GDP (NAGDP) is used as the reference series. It is observed that the slope of the yield curve is a better predictor of the turning points of the reference series compared to the CILI constructed.
Redox sensitive elements serve as useful proxies of the oxygenation state of ancient environments, but their interpretation may not always be straightforward. To evaluate the inherent complexities, ...rare earths and yttrium (REY), iodine, and major element concentrations are determined in two carbonate sections spanning the Permian–Triassic (P–Tr) transition in Demirtas, Turkey and Cili, South China. We use major oxides to identify non-seawater REY sources such as siliciclastics, Fe-oxides, phosphates and diagenetic fluids. Additionally, we employ Y/Ho ratio, La anomaly, and light rare earth element depletion to identify which samples preserve a seawater-like REYSN distribution. In contrast to past interpretations, we find that the P–Tr boundary microbialites in both sections contain REY signatures indicative of deposition in an oxic environment. These boundary microbialites have their base at the extinction horizon and are widespread within the Tethyan region. In the Cili section, the underlying Permian limestone also preserves a seawater-like REY signature with a negative Ce anomaly. This indicates that the water column was oxygenated both before and after the extinction event. The Permian limestone in the Demirtas section does not preserve a seawater-like REYSN distribution, so the absence of a Ce anomaly cannot be used to distinguish prevailing redox conditions during deposition. However, in these samples, we find the presence of a diverse Permian benthic community sufficient to identify deposition in an oxic environment. The geochemical evidence for a continuously oxic environment during the deposition of the boundary microbialite presented in this study strongly supports work done using ostracods as redox indicators within the boundary microbialite in South China. The microbialite has been proposed as a disaster facies, in part resulting from the exclusion of grazers. Although anoxia is one of the suggested mechanisms for the exclusion of grazers, we find that it is not supported by geochemical and biotic evidence.
•We report REE, I, and major element data from PTB microbialites in Turkey and China.•We use Ce anomaly and iodine as redox indicators in carbonates.•We use Y/Ho and La anomaly to fingerprint the REE source.•Boundary microbialites were not deposited in anoxic conditions as has been suggested.•Ce anomaly in many carbonates may be explained with siliciclastics and diagenesis.
Life in debt Han, Clara
2012., 20120506, 2012, 2012-06-05, 20120101
eBook
Chile is widely known as the first experiment in neoliberalism in Latin America, carried out and made possible through state violence. Since the beginning of the transition in 1990, the state has ...pursued a national project of reconciliation construed as debts owed to the population. The state owed a "social debt" to the poor accrued through inequalities generated by economic liberalization, while society owed a "moral debt" to the victims of human rights violations. Life in Debt invites us into lives and world of a poor urban neighborhood in Santiago. Tracing relations and lives between 1999 and 2010, Clara Han explores how the moral and political subjects imagined and asserted by poverty and mental health policies and reparations for human rights violations are refracted through relational modes and their boundaries. Attending to intimate scenes and neighborhood life, Han reveals the force of relations in the making of selves in a world in which unstable work patterns, illness, and pervasive economic indebtedness are aspects of everyday life. Lucidly written, Life in Debt provides a unique meditation on both the past inhabiting actual life conditions but also on the difficulties of obligation and achievements of responsiveness.
In many tropical shallow water regions the end-Permian mass extinction event occurs at the top fossiliferous packstone beds and is immediately followed by the development of microbialite facies. Both ...the age and redox conditions of the microbialite have been debated and both factors are addressed here in a study of the Gaohua section (Cili County, Hunan Province, China): specifically the size distribution of pyrite framboids and high-resolution conodont biostratigraphy. The framboids populations show a broad size range with examples up to 30microns in diameter, and indicating dysoxic but not anoxic depositional conditions. More intense dysoxia is recorded in interbedded laminated micrites but not beds of giant ooids. Both the Hindeodus parvus zone and Isarcicella isarcica zones were established with the microbialite beds being confined to the H. parvus zone. Therefore, the formation of microbialite postdates the end Permian main mass extinction and records oxygen-poor conditions even in a shallow-water setting such as Gaohua section at Cili.
•The redox conditions of microbialite has been conducted by the size range of pyrite framboids on a Permian-Triassic section at Gaohua, Cili county, Hunan Province, South China, it is indicated that the microbialite was deposited in dysoxic condition but not anoxic condition.•High-resolution conodont biostratigraphy study enable the establishment of Hindeodus parvus zone and Isarcicella isarcica zone.•New conodont data reveals that the formation of microbialite postdates the end Permian main mass extinction rather than latest-Changshingian as previously thought.
The Early Cambrian black shale sequence of the Niutitang Formation in South China hosts a synsedimentary, organic carbon-rich, polymetallic sulfide layer with extreme metal concentrations, locally ...mined as polymetallic Ni–Mo–PGE–Au ore. In combination with previously reported data, we present Mo isotope, platinum-group element (PGE), and trace and rare-earth element (REE) data for the polymetallic sulfide ores and host black shales from four mine sites (Dazhuliushui and Maluhe in Guizhou Province, and Sancha and Cili in Hunan Province, respectively), several hundred kilometers apart. The polymetallic sulfide ores have consistently heavy δ98/95Mo values of 0.94 to 1.38‰ (avg. 1.13±0.14‰, 1σ, n=11), and the host black shale and phosphorite have slightly more variable δ98/95Mo values of 0.81‰ to 1.70‰ (n=14). This latter variation is due to variable paleoenvironmental conditions from suboxic to euxinic, and partly closed-system fractionation in isolated marine sedimentary basins. Both the polymetallic sulfides and host black shales show PGE distribution patterns similar to that of present-day seawater, but different from those of ancient submarine-hydrothermal deposits and modern submarine hydrothermal fluids. The polymetallic sulfide bed has a generally consistent metal enrichment by a factor of 107 compared to present-day seawater. PAAS-normalized REE+Y patterns of the polymetallic sulfide bed are characterized by a remarkably positive Y anomaly, consistent with an origin of the REE predominantly from seawater. Small positive Eu anomalies in some of the sulfide ores could reflect minor hydrothermal components involved. The Mo isotope, PGE, and trace and rare-earth element geochemical data suggest that metals in the polymetallic Ni–Mo–PGE–Au sulfide ore layer were scavenged mostly from Early Cambrian seawater, by both in-situ precipitation and local re-deposition of sulfide clasts.
Tratt. fruit juice (Cili) is used as a medicinal and edible resource in China due to its antioxidant and hypolipidemic potentials. The efficacy of Cili in protecting alcohol-induced liver injury and ...its underlying mechanism was investigated. C57BL/6J mice received a Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet containing alcohol to produce liver injury. After the mice were adapted gradually to 5% alcohol, Cili (4 mL and 8 mL/kg/day for 4 weeks) were gavaged for treatment. The serum enzyme activities, triglyceride levels, histopathology and Oil-red O staining were examined. The RNA-Seq and qPCR analyses were performed to determine the protection mechanisms. Cili decreased serum and liver triglyceride levels in mice receiving alcohol. Hepatocyte degeneration and steatosis were improved by Cili. The RNA-Seq analyses showed Cili brought the alcohol-induced aberrant gene pattern towards normal. The qPCR analysis verified that over-activation of CAR and PXR (Cyp2a4, Cyp2b10 and Abcc4) was attenuated by Cili. Cili alleviated overexpression of oxidative stress responsive genes (Hmox1, Gsta1, Gstm3, Nqo1, Gclc, Vldlr, and Cdkn1a), and rescued alcohol-downregulated metabolism genes (Angptl8, Slc10a2, Ces3b, Serpina12, C6, and Selenbp2). Overall, Cili was effective against chronic alcohol liver injury, and the mechanisms were associated with decreased oxidative stress, improved lipid metabolism through modulating nuclear receptor CAR-, PXR-and Nrf2-mediated pathways.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global disease with growing prevalence that is difficult to cure. Rosa roxburghii Tratt is an edible and medicinal plant, and modern pharmacological studies have ...shown that it has potential anti-diabetic activity. This is the first study to explore the active components and potential mechanisms of Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit for treating T2DM based on UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS and network pharmacology.
The active components of Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit were obtained from UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS analysis and retrieval in the SciFinder, PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI databases. The potential targets of the active components were obtained from the SwissTargetPrediction and PharmMapper databases. The disease targets for T2DM were obtained from GeneCards, OMIM, TTD, DisGENent, and GEO databases. The intersection of the two datasets was used to obtain the potential targets of Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit against T2DM. The target protein interaction network was constructed using the String database and Cytoscape software. The R software ClusterProfiler package was used for target enrichment analysis and the Cytoscape CytoNCA plug-in was used to screen core targets. Molecular docking and result visualization were performed using PyMOL and Autodock Vina software.
We obtained 20 bioactive ingredients, including alphitolic acid, quercetin, and ellagic acid, as well as 13 core targets, such as AKT1, TNF, SRC, and VEGFA. All bioactive ingredients in Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit were active against T2DM-related therapeutic targets. Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit may play a therapeutic role in T2DM by regulating the PI3K/AKT, RAS, AGE-RAGE, and other signaling pathways.
This study explored the active components and potential mechanisms of Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit in the treatment of T2DM, laying the foundation for a further experimental study based on pharmacodynamic substances and their mechanisms of action.
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