Where does our fascination for 'heritage' originate? This groundbreaking comparative study of preservation in France, Germany and England looks beyond national borders to reveal how the idea of ...heritage emerged from intense competition and collaboration in a global context. Astrid Swenson follows the 'heritage-makers' from the French Revolution to the First World War, revealing the importance of global networks driving developments in each country. Drawing on documentary, literary and visual sources, the book connects high politics and daily life and uncovers how, through travel, correspondence, world fairs and international congresses, the preservationists exchanged ideas, helped each other campaign and dreamed of establishing international institutions for the protection of heritage. Yet, these heritage-makers were also animated by fierce rivalry as international tension grew. This mixture of international collaboration and competition created the European culture of heritage, which defined preservation as integral to modernity, and still shapes current institutions and debates.
Seit Anfang der 2000er ist eine Zunahme von Studien zur »religiösen Gewalt« zu konstatieren, und das trotz Polemiken über ihr Wesen. Ist Gewalt »im Namen Gottes« eine Reaktion auf die Säkularisierung ...moderner Gesellschaften, eine Form politischer Gewalt oder eine Erfindung, mit der die Repression religiöser Gruppen legitimiert werden kann? »Glaubenskämpfe« ergänzt diese sozialwissenschaftlich geprägte Literatur um eine überfällige historische Perspektive, indem erstmals ein umfassender Überblick auf das sich wandelnde Verhältnis von Glaube und Gewalt zwischen der Französischen Revolution und dem Ersten Weltkrieg geboten wird. Die einzelnen Kapitel untersuchen physische Gewalthandlungen im Zusammenhang innerkatholischer, katholisch-säkularer und interreligiöser Konflikte und belegen dabei auch die Bedeutung von Rhetorik und Symbolik in der Anstachelung zu und Rechtfertigung von Gewalt. Besonderes Augenmerk liegt auf der Rolle der »Agency«. Das Buch erhellt demnach sowohl die Motive von Gewalt als auch deren Rechtfertigung und Deutung. Ferner wird geschildert, wie verschlungen religiöse und säkulare Differenzen mitunter waren. Indem es aufzeigt, wie Religion auch jenseits der Französischen Revolution Gewalt auszulösen vermochte, zeichnet Glaubenskämpfe ein weitaus komplexeres Bild des Verhältnisses von Glaube und Gewalt, als die Forschung bislang vermuten ließ.
Die Frage, ob, wann und wie die internationale Gemeinschaft auf Verletzungen humanitärer Normen und damit verbundene humanitäre Krisen reagieren soll, gehört zweifellos zu den vieldiskutierten Themen ...auf der Agenda der heutigen internationalen Politik. Allerdings tauchte diese Problematik nicht erst am Ende des 20. und zu Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts plötzlich aus dem Nichts auf, sondern bereits im Verlauf des »langen 19. Jahrhunderts« setzte man sich kontrovers mit dieser Problematik auseinander. Anhand ausgewählter Fallbeispiele wie dem Kampf gegen den Sklavenhandel (1807–1890), den Militärinterventionen der europäischen Großmächte zur humanitären Nothilfe für christliche Minderheiten im Osmanischen Reich (1827–1878) oder dem Eingreifen der Vereinigten Staaten in den kubanischen Unabhängigkeitskrieg (1898) untersucht Fabian Klose die militärische Praktik und die völkerrechtlichen Debatten zum Schutz humanitärer Normen gewaltsam einzugreifen.
This collection explores the role of martial masculinities in shaping nineteenth-century British culture and society in a period framed by two of the greatest wars the world had ever known. It offers ...a fresh, interdisciplinary perspective on an emerging field of study and draws on historical, literary, visual and musical sources to demonstrate the centrality of the military and its masculine dimensions in the shaping of Victorian and Edwardian personal and national identities. Focusing on both the experience of military service and its imaginative forms, it examines such topics as bodies and habits, families and domesticity, heroism and chivalry, religion and militarism, and youth and fantasy. This collection will be required reading for anyone interested in the cultures of war and masculinity in the long nineteenth century.
Bringing together an interdisciplinary group of scholars, this volume explores nineteenth-century Italian sexualities from a variety of viewpoints, illuminating in particular personal and political ...relationships, same-sex desires, gender roles that defy societal norms, sexual behaviours of different classes and transnational encounters.
China is facing a crucial turning point in its sociopolitical development with the recent turnover of the leadership and the potential of further reform carried out by the new administration. To shed ...light on the future of China, this research compares the United States between 1789 and 1917 with China between 1949 and 2012. We examine the social impetus, economic roots, and political logic of the great transformations of the two countries. Through the lens of American history, we argue, first, that social discontent in the short run may push structural reform forward. Second, to transform the passive, piecemeal, and unpredictable reform into a proactive, systematic, and integral reform, we propose that China must build social consensus and a strong middle class.
After a decade of works on women’s history, historians are becoming aware of the dearth of literature on men’s history. Professor Nye addresses this gap in a study of evolving definitions of ...masculinity in France since the eighteenth century. He examines specifically the aristocratic ethos of male honour, rooted in a society of landlords, hunters, and warriors, adapted to a society motivated by utilitarian values, urban life, and rational law. He focuses on the cultural practices and mentality of middle and upper class men and the appeal of their codes to men throughout French society.
France and Women, 1789-1914 is the first book to offer an authoritative account of women's history throughout the nineteenth century. James McMillan, author of the seminal work Housewife or Harlot, ...offers a major reinterpretation of the French past in relation to gender throughout these tumultuous decades of revolution and war.This book provides a challenging discussion of the factors which made French political culture so profoundly sexist and in particular, it shows that many of the myths about progress and emancipation associated with modernisation and the coming of mass politics do not stand up to close scrutiny. It also reveals the conservative nature of the republican left and of the ingrained belief throughout french society that women should remain within the domestic sphere. James McMillan considers the role played by French men and women in the politics, culture and society of their country throughout the 1800s.
This volume surveys Nineteenth-century Russian society and economy and finds that Russian institutions, practices and ideas fit the general European pattern for that period of rapid change. Even ...apparently distinctive Russian features deepen our understanding of 'Europeaness'. In the Nineteenth-century there were still many different ways to be European, and excessive generalization based on the experiences of one or two countries obscures the great diversity that still characterized European civilization. Moreover, these essays bring to light several points at which Russian legislation and thinking provided models and examples for others to follow. The authors focus on key elements of how Russians envisaged and constructed their economy and society. This is an important contribution that increases understanding of Russian history at a time when Russia's relationship with the 'West' is again debated.
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