This work examines both the emergence of African literature and its institutionalization within nationalist African academies. Amoko analyzes the relationship between such institutions of literature ...and the processes of nationalist legitimization and between colonial and postcolonial school cultures and national cultures.
My Dear Boy Carmaletta Williams, John Tidwell
11/2013
eBook
My Dear Boybrings a largely unexplored dimension of Langston Hughes to light. Carmaletta Williams and John Edgar Tidwell explain that scholars have neglected the vital role that correspondence ...between Carrie Hughes and her son Langston-Harlem Renaissance icon, renowned poet, playwright, fiction writer, autobiographer, and essayist-played in his work.The more than 120 heretofore unexamined letters presented here are a veritable treasure trove of insights into the relationship between mother Carrie and her renowned son Langston. Until now, a scholarly consensus had begun to emerge, accepting the idea of their lives and his art as simple and transparent. But as Williams and Tidwell argue, this correspondence is precisely where scholars should start in order to understand the underlying complexity in Carrie and Langston's relationship. By employing Family Systems Theory for the first time in Hughes scholarship, they demonstrate that it is an essential heuristic for analyzing the Hughes family and its influence on his work. The study takes the critical truism about Langston's reticence to reveal his inner self and shows how his responses to Carrie were usually not in return letters but, instead, in his created art. ThusMy Dear Boyreveals the difficult negotiations between family and art that Langston engaged in as he attempted to sustain an elusive but enduring artistic reputation.
On November 9 and 10, 1938, Nazi leadership unleashed an unprecedented orchestrated wave of violence against Jews in Germany, Austria, and the Sudetenland, supposedly in response to the assassination ...of a Nazi diplomat by a young Polish Jew, but in reality to force the remaining Jews out of the country. During the pogrom, Stormtroopers, Hitler Youth, and ordinary Germans murdered more than a hundred Jews (many more committed suicide) and ransacked and destroyed thousands of Jewish institutions, synagogues, shops, and homes. Thirty thousand Jews were arrested and sent to Nazi concentration camps. Volume 17 of the Casden Annual Review includes a series of articles presented at an international conference titled “New Perspectives on Kristallnacht: After 80 Years, the Nazi Pogrom in Global Comparison." Assessing events 80 years after the violent anti-Jewish pogrom of 1938, contributors to this volume offer new cutting-edge scholarship on the event and its repercussions. Contributors include scholars from the United States, Germany, Israel, and the United Kingdom who represent a wide variety of disciplines, including history, political science, and Jewish and media studies. Their essays discuss reactions to the pogrom by victims and witnesses inside Nazi Germany as well as by foreign journalists, diplomats, Jewish organizations, and Jewish print media. Several contributors to the volume analyze postwar narratives of and global comparisons to Kristallnacht, with the aim of situating this anti-Jewish pogrom in its historical context, as well as its place in world history.
En 1938 tuvo lugar en Glasgow la Empire Exhibition, un evento de escasa repercusión internacional por celebrarse un año antes de la segunda guerra mundial, cuando el conflicto entre las potencias ...europeas se comenzaba a percibir como inevitable. Sin embargo su estudio, dentro del ámbito del desarrollo del diseño y de la arquitectura moderna en Gran Bretaña, tiene mayor interés, al mostrar cómo el Art Déco, con sus formas gráciles y su vitalismo a lo Streamline Moderne, se había ido imponiendo con fuerza sobre el frío estilo racionalista importado desde 1933 por algunos de los arquitectos inmigrados desde Alemania y otros países.
Vor allem in der deutschen Diskussion über Russlands Angriffskrieg gegen die Ukraine werden immer wieder Forderungen nach diplomatisch verhandelten Kompromissen zur Kriegsbeendigung laut. ...Verschiedene Möglichkeiten sind vorstellbar, doch hat keine das Potenzial, die Basis für einen halbwegs dauerhaften Friedensschluss zu bilden. Schaut man sich die Geschichte der Beendigung europäischer Kriege an, so zeigt sich, dass in der Konfrontation mit einem derart nationalistisch und kompromisslos auftretenden Akteur wie Russland der einzige Weg zu einem beständigen Frieden ein Regimewechsel ist. Dieser kann und darf nicht von außen bewirkt werden. Daher ist in diesem Fall eine Politik der Gegenmachtbildung des Westens vorerst die einzig verbleibende Strategie.
Over the past 40 years, Japanese designers have led the way in aligning fashion with art and ideology, as well as addressing identity and social politics through dress. They have demonstrated that ...both creative and commercial enterprise is possible in today's international fashion industry, and have refused to compromise their ideals, remaining autonomous and independent in their design, business affairs and distribution methods. The inspirational Miyake, Yamamoto and Kawakubo have gained worldwide respect and admiration and have influenced a generation of designers and artists alike. Based on twelve years of research, this book provides a richly detailed and uniquely comprehensive view of the work of these three key designers. It outlines their major contributions and the subsequent impact that their work has had upon the next generation of fashion and textile designers around the world. Designers discussed include: Issey Miyake, Yohji Yamamoto, Rei Kawakubo, Naoki Takizawa, Dai Fujiwara, Junya Watanabe, Tao Kurihara, Jun Takahashi, Yoshiki Hishinuma, Junichi Arai, Reiko Sudo & the Nuno Corporation, Makiko Minagawa, Hiroshi Matsushita, Martin Margiela, Ann Demeulemeester, Dries Van Noten, Walter Beirendonck, Dirk Bikkembergs, Alexander McQueen, Hussein Chalayan and Helmut Lang.
Following the 1938 hurricane that damaged much of the New England coast, New London, Connecticut, responded like most communities by leveraging federal and state funds to rebuild and augment ...engineered mitigation structures. Eighty years of subsequent storm experience, however, illustrates that a small number of nonstructural mitigation projects, especially private property acquisitions, have had significant long-term effects on New London's coastal resiliency, especially in the Ocean Beach neighborhood. Archival research identifies that these nonstructural mitigation projects were not initially intended to reduce hurricane or flooding risk but were aimed at removing structures determined to be public nuisances and reducing fire hazard. Therefore, New London's post-1938 mitigation experience underscores how community-scale mitigation planning following one disaster can greatly affect the outcome of future disasters. Analytically, New London's experience offers a compelling case study to critically compare two competing environmental mitigation approaches following the same disaster and to offer insight into the environmental legacies of both.
Histoplasmosis has been described as the most common endemic mycosis in the United States. However, histoplasmosis is not nationally notifiable. Its presumed geographic distribution is largely ...derived from skin test surveys performed during the 1940s, and information about its local features comes primarily from outbreak investigations. We conducted a literature review to assess epidemiologic features of histoplasmosis outbreaks in the United States. During 1938-2013, a total of 105 outbreaks involving 2,850 cases were reported in 26 states and the territory of Puerto Rico. Common exposure settings were chicken coops and buildings or other structures undergoing renovation or demolition. Birds, bats, or their droppings were reported to be present in 77% of outbreak settings, and workplace exposures were reported in 41% of outbreaks. The continued occurrence of histoplasmosis outbreaks, particularly work-related ones involving known disturbance of bird or bat droppings, highlights the need to increase awareness of the disease.
With this volume, the Edition of the Minutes of the Meetings of the Schuschnigg Cabinet (July 29, 1934 to March 11, 1938) comes to a close. The edition of this essential source of Austrian history ...opens up new scientific perspectives due to the transcription of the minutes’ shorthand notes (written using the now obsolete and difficult to read Gabelsberger system) and the comprehensive scientific commentary and explanatory notes. The detailed biographical and subject indices provide a means for easy search within the volumes contents.The Minutes of the Cabinet Meetings have to be regarded as central source materials for Austrian politics. The eighth and last volume of the Minutes of the Meetings of the Schuschnigg Cabinet encompasses meeting No. 1056 of June 4, 1937 to No. 1069 of February 21; enclosed No. 1070 of March 12 and No. 1071 of March 13, 1938. The edition does provide fundamental source material concerning the last months of the Austrian First Republic. In terms of content, the discussions between the members of government contained therein pertain to a broad spectrum. Conflicts of interest or accordance between the cabinet members as well as the state of discussions pertaining to specific problems can be followed and traced through the minutes. Special mention must be made of the transcription of the shorthand notes (written using the “Gabelsberger”-system), frequently yielding additional information not present in the fair copy, which has been unavailable to researchers until now. As a result of the “Juli-Abkommen” of 1936 and the subsequent presence of nationalistically inclined ministers – even more so during the last few months before the “Anschluss” –, the discussions tend to demonstrate an element of reluctance by the elites of the Austrian Corporate State (Ständestaat), and it becomes clear that discussions and decision-making on various important subjects also tended to take place elsewhere. Therefore, during the editing process, special care and emphasis was put on the question of how and where the exchange of information took place within the government body, where important decisions were made and where important deliberations took place. Especially notable in this context is the frequent convening of committees of ministers on various subjects, where only part of the government met for deliberation. Within the archival holding „Bundeskanzleramt/Berufständischer Aufbau“ of the Austrian State Archives/Archive of the Republic, some minutes of meetings by the committee of ministers could be located. The minutes of those committees tend to clarify and further illustrate the decision-making processes. The frequently long intervals between cabinet meetings tended to cause quite extensive orders of business containing many items. Important subjects were the „Ordnungsschutzgesetz“, the „Handelskammerngesetz“ and the deliberations on the „Bundesfinanzgesetz 1938“. Special mention must be given to the extensive archival holding of the minutes of the „Finanz- und Budgetausschuss“ of the „Bundestag“ from the years 1935 to 1937 in the Archive of the Austrian Parliament, which have been located in the course of research and have so far not been taken into consideration by the scientific community. The „Finanz- and Budgetausschuss” was a forum where the collision of party political trends, federalist interests, union demands and entrepreneurial interests in the struggle over distribution of financial resources are much more clearly visible than in the cabinet meetings. Additionally, it shows criticism of government policy to a heretofore unknown extent. The scientific commentary and explanatory notes required more intensive research than previous volumes in order to properly demonstrate the government’s difficult position between national opposition and lack of basis within the former Christian Socialist elites. A multitude of different archival holdings had to be consulted and searched. Occasionally, documents of speci
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