The State of Israel faced one of its most difficult challenges during the 1973 Yom Kippur War. Though the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) eventually emerged as the clear victor in the war, it suffered ...serious reverses at the outset of hostilities, as well as substantial losses in men and equipment. This book revisits the Yom Kippur War by exploring a number of issues that have not previously received the attention they deserve or that would benefit from a fresh evaluation. Among the issues examined are: the American-Israeli and Jordanian-Israeli relationships during the war; the roles of Israeli nuclear weapons and airpower; the IDF's practice of combined arms warfare; the reasons why the IDF turned the tide of the war more quickly on the Golan front than on the Sinai front; the impact of American arms transfers; and the lessons derived from the war by the United States Army and the IDF. This book, which relies heavily on government documents and other primary sources of information, fills important descriptive and analytical gaps in the academic literature about the Yom Kippur War. No other book compares to it in respect of content and interpretation. It is, in short, essential reading for all scholars interested in the diplomatic and military dimensions of the war.
Examines how Israel was caught by surprise in the opening stages of the 1973 Yom Kippur War. 'Based on many formerly undisclosed intelligence and military documents, the secret protocols of ...discussions on the eve of the war, and interviews with relevant figures, The Watchman Fell Asleep is a compelling account of Israel’s intelligence failure before the 1973 Arab attack known as the Yom Kippur War. The Hebrew version of this book was awarded the Tshetshik Prize for Strategic Studies on Israel’s Security in 2001, and the Israeli Political Science Association’s Best Book Award in 2002. Available here in English for the first time, Uri Bar-Joseph has crafted an authoritative explanation of the most traumatic event in Israel’s stormy history and one of the biggest strategic military surprises of the twentieth century.
Other People's Wars explores key US efforts involving
direct observation missions and post-conflict investigations
throughout its history. Sterling shows how initiatives to learn
from other nations' ...wars can yield significant benefits,
emphasisizing comprehensive qualitative learning to foster better
military preparedness and adaptability.
Case studies explore how to improve military adaptation
and preparedness in peacetime by investigating foreign
wars
Preparing for the next war at an unknown date against an
undetermined opponent is a difficult undertaking with extremely
high stakes. Even the most detailed exercises and wargames do not
truly simulate combat and the fog of war. Thus, outside of their
own combat, militaries have studied foreign wars as a valuable
source of battlefield information. The effectiveness of this
learning process, however, has rarely been evaluated across
different periods and contexts.
Through a series of in-depth case studies of the US Army, Navy,
and Air Force, Brent L. Sterling creates a better understanding of
the dynamics of learning from "other people's wars," determining
what types of knowledge can be gained from foreign wars,
identifying common pitfalls, and proposing solutions to maximize
the benefits for doctrine, organization, training, and
equipment.
Other People's Wars explores major US efforts involving
direct observation missions and post-conflict investigations at key
junctures for the US armed forces: the Crimean War (1854-56),
Russo-Japanese War (1904-5), Spanish Civil War (1936-39), and Yom
Kippur War (1973), which preceded the US Civil War, First and
Second World Wars, and major army and air force reforms of the
1970s, respectively. The case studies identify learning pitfalls
but also show that initiatives to learn from other nations' wars
can yield significant benefits if the right conditions are met.
Sterling puts forth a process that emphasizes comprehensive
qualitative learning to foster better military preparedness and
adaptability.
The European Association of Urology (EAU) prognostic factor risk groups for non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) are used to provide recommendations for patient treatment after transurethral ...resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). They do not, however, take into account the widely used World Health Organization (WHO) 2004/2016 grading classification and are based on patients treated in the 1980s.
To update EAU prognostic factor risk groups using the WHO 1973 and 2004/2016 grading classifications and identify patients with the lowest and highest probabilities of progression.
Individual patient data for primary NMIBC patients were collected from the institutions of the members of the EAU NMIBC guidelines panel.
Patients underwent TURBT followed by intravesical instillations at the physician’s discretion.
Multivariable Cox proportional-hazards regression models were fitted to the primary endpoint, the time to progression to muscle-invasive disease or distant metastases. Patients were divided into four risk groups: low-, intermediate-, high-, and a new, very high-risk group. The probabilities of progression were estimated using Kaplan-Meier curves.
A total of 3401 patients treated with TURBT ± intravesical chemotherapy were included. From the multivariable analyses, tumor stage, WHO 1973/2004–2016 grade, concomitant carcinoma in situ, number of tumors, tumor size, and age were used to form four risk groups for which the probability of progression at 5 yr varied from <1% to >40%. Limitations include the retrospective collection of data and the lack of central pathology review.
This study provides updated EAU prognostic factor risk groups that can be used to inform patient treatment and follow-up. Incorporating the WHO 2004/2016 and 1973 grading classifications, a new, very high-risk group has been identified for which urologists should be prompt to assess and adapt their therapeutic strategy when necessary.
The newly updated European Association of Urology prognostic factor risk groups for non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer provide an improved basis for recommending a patient’s treatment and follow-up schedule.
The updated European Association of Urology prognostic factor risk groups for patients with non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer provide urologists with information that they should take into account when choosing a patient’s treatment and scheduling follow-up.
HfB2-MoSi2/SiC-Si coating was fabricated via pack cementation (PC) combined with slurry painting (SP) followed by heat treatment, where MoSi2 was in-situ synthesized from Mo and Si. The ...microstructure evolution and high-temperature oxidation resistance at 1773 K and 1973 K of the HfB2-MoSi2/SiC-Si coated specimens were comparatively studied. The protection mechanism of the coating was investigated, based on the structure and thermodynamic transformation of the oxide scale. The results revealed that the HfB2-MoSi2/SiC-Si coating possessed better oxidation resistance at 1973 K than that at 1773 K, mainly due to the changed properties of the multiphase Hf-Si-O oxide scale. At 1973 K, the formed Hf-Si-O oxide scale has low oxygen permeability, superior high-temperature stability and self-healing ability. While the Hf-Si-O oxide scale formed at 1773 K is loose, which caused oxygen penetrating into the inner layer and C/C substrate, finally resulting in a high mass loss. This study can provide valuable information and induce facile method to develop high-temperature environmental barrier coatings for C/C composites.
•HfB2-MoSi2/SiC-Si coating was made by PC, SP and in-situ synthesis of MoSi2.•Varying Hf-Si-O film led to the changed oxidation behaviors at 1773 K and 1973 K.•Hf-Si-O with self-healing ability formed at 1973 K caused good oxidation resistance.
The Yom Kippur War pitted Israel against Syria in the north and Egypt in the south in October 1973. Caught by surprise and surrounded by enemies, Israel relied on the flexibility and creative ...thinking of its senior field commanders. After Israeli forces halted the Egyptian troops on the Sinai Peninsula, Major General Ariel Sharon seized the opportunity to counterattack. He split the Egyptian army and cut off its supply lines in a maneuver known as Operation Stouthearted Men. Sharon's audacious, controversial decision defied his superiors and produced a major victory, which many believe helped win the war for Israel. At the Decisive Point in the Sinai is a firsthand account of the Yom Kippur War's most intense engagement by key leaders in Sharon's division. Jacob Even, deputy division commander of the 143rd Division, and Simcha Maoz, a staff officer, recount the initial stages of the Suez crossing, examine the Israel Defense Forces' (IDF) response to Egypt's surprise attack, and explain Sharon's role in the transition from defense to offense. They detail Sharon's struggle to convince his superiors of his plan and argue that an effective division commander is revealed not only by his leadership of subordinates, but also by his ability to influence his senior officers. The strategic failure of the Israeli high command during the Yom Kippur War has been widely studied, but At the Decisive Point in the Sinai is one of the few works to examine the experiences of field-level commanders. Even and Maoz challenge students of military leadership by offering a case study on effective generalship.
The Yom Kippur War was a watershed moment in Israeli society and a national trauma whose wounds have yet to heal some four decades later. In the years following the war many studies addressed the ...internal and international political background prior to the war, attempting to determine causes and steps by political players and parties in Israel, Egypt and the United States. But to date there has been no comprehensive study based on archival materials and other primary sources. Classified documents from that period have recently become available and it is now possible to examine in depth a crucial period in Middle East history generally and Israeli history in particular. The authors provide a penetrating and insightful viewpoint on the question that lies at the heart of the Israeli polity and military: Was an opportunity missed to prevent the outbreak of the Yom Kippur War? The book provides surprising answers to long-standing issues: How did National Security Adviser, Henry Kissinger, succeed in torpedoing the efforts of the State Department to bring about an interim agreement between Israel and Egypt in 1971?; Would that agreement have allowed Israel to hold on to most of the Sinai Peninsula for many years and at the same time avert the outbreak of the war; Did Golda Meir reject any diplomatic initiative that came up for discussion in the years preceding the war?; Was the White House's Middle East policy throughout 1973 a catalyst for war breaking out?
In eleven dramatic years, Anwar Sadat changed history-not just that of Egypt, or of the Middle East, but of the entire world. As the architect of the 1973 war against Israel, he gained the support of ...other Arab nations and inspired the oil embargo that transformed the global economy. Following the war, however, he forever ended Arab aspirations of unity by making peace with Israel. Early in his presidency, Sadat jettisoned Egypt's alliance with the Soviet Union and turned to the United States, thereby giving the West a crucial Cold War victory. Sadat's historic tenure still resonates in the twenty-first century as the Islamic activists-whom he originally encouraged but who opposed his conciliatory policy toward Israel and ultimately played a role in his assassination-continue to foster activism, including the Muslim Brotherhood, today.
Thomas W. Lippman was stationed in the Middle East as a journalist during Sadat's presidency and lived in Egypt in the aftermath of the October War. He knew Sadat personally, but only now, after the passage of time and the long-delayed release of the U.S. State Department's diplomatic files, can Lippman assess the full consequences of Sadat's presidency.Hero of the Crossingprovides an eye-opening account of the profound reverberations of one leader's political, cultural, and economic maneuverings and legacy.
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