The application of nontoxic 2D transition‐metal carbides (MXenes) has recently gained ground in bioelectronics. In group‐4 transition metals, tantalum possesses enhanced biological and physical ...properties compared to other MXene counterparts. However, the application of tantalum carbide for bioelectrodes has not yet been explored. Here, fluorine‐free exfoliation and functionalization of tantalum carbide MAX‐phase to synthesize a novel Ta4C3Tx MXene‐tantalum oxide (TTO) hybrid structure through an innovative, facile, and inexpensive protocol is demonstrated. Additionally, the application of TTO composite as an efficient biocompatible material for supercapacitor electrodes is reported. The TTO electrode displays long‐term stability over 10 000 cycles with capacitance retention of over 90% and volumetric capacitance of 447 F cm−3 (194 F g−1) at 1 mV s−1. Furthermore, TTO shows excellent biocompatibility with human‐induced pluripotent stem cells‐derived cardiomyocytes, neural progenitor cells, fibroblasts, and mesenchymal stem cells. More importantly, the electrochemical data show that TTO outperforms most of the previously reported biomaterials‐based supercapacitors in terms of gravimetric/volumetric energy and power densities. Therefore, TTO hybrid structure may open a gateway as a bioelectrode material with high energy‐storage performance for size‐sensitive applications.
A new fluorine‐free tantalum carbide MXene‐tantalum oxides (TTO) nanostructure is developed as a biocompatible electrode material for size‐sensitive applications. The TTO hybrid structure is biocompatible with different types of human cells, and offers excellent volumetric capacitance, energy density, power density, and cyclability when assembled into a symmetric supercapacitor. The TTO offers high promise for future biomedical energy storage devices.
This research uses qualitative literature methods reviews. Literature review is carried out by reading various sources from international and national journals. Result of Literature review found that ...education in Indonesia Especially in the 3T area, the quality is still low. This research aims to gain a deeper understanding of the quality of education in the 3T region by explaining the theory in more detail regarding: Definition of 3T (Tertinggal, Terdepan dan Terluar) Region, Indicators of the Low Quality of Education in Indonesia, Procedures for Improving the Quality of Education in the 3T Region, and Strategies for Improving the Quality of Education in the 3T Region.
In article number 2100015, Sanjiv Dhingra and co‐workers demonstrate fluorine‐free development of a tantalum carbide MXene‐tantalum oxide (TTO) hybrid structure through an innovative and facile ...protocol. TTO as an efficient biocompatible material for supercapacitor electrodes possesses biocompatibility with different types of human cells, and offers excellent volumetric capacitance, energy/power densities, and cyclability when assembled into a symmetric supercapacitor. It offers excellent promise for future biomedical energy storage devices.
Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques cannot demonstrate microvascular alterations in mild Alzheimer's disease (AD). Thus, the diagnosis of microvascular pathology commonly relies ...on postmortem. The purpose of this study was to evaluate alterations of microvascular structures in patients with AD using a 3T clinical MRI system with a commercially available contrast agent.
Eleven patients with AD and 11 cognitively normal (CN) controls were included in this cross-sectional prospective study. R2 and R2* relaxation rate changes (∆R2 and ∆R2*) before and after a Gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast agent injection were calculated from images obtained with a multi-echo turbo spin-echo sequence and multi-echo gradient-echo sequence to obtain microvascular index maps of blood volume fraction (BVf), mean vessel diameter (mVD), vessel size index (VSI), mean vessel density (Q), and microvessel-weighted imaging (MvWI). Two-sample
-test was used to compare those values between the two groups. Correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between those values and age.
BVfs at the corpus callosum and at the thalamus were significantly increased in the AD group (P=0.024 and P=0.005, respectively). BVf at the gray matter (P=0.020) and white matter area (P=0.012) were also significantly increased in the AD group compared with the CN group. MvWIs at the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus were significantly increased in the AD group compared with the CN group (P=0.020 and P=0.006, respectively). Voxel-based analysis showed both mVD and VSI were significantly decreased at the prefrontal lobe in the AD group. Q were not significant difference between CN and AD groups. MvWI were significantly positively correlated with age.
Microvascular index was a useful non-invasive method to evaluate microvascular morphology alteration. The microvascular morphology of AD was manifested as increasing BVf and microvessel-weighted.
Tujuan artikel ini untuk menjawab masalah perkembangan pedagogi berbasis teknologi di daerah 3T (Terdepan, Tertinggal, Terluar) Indonesia, dan pentingnya inovasi dalam pembelajaran abad 21. Kerangka ...teori yang mendasari kajian ini adalah: teori pergeseran paradigma pembelajaran, dan teori Difusi Inovasi. Metode yang digunakan adalah libraryresearc. Data dianalisis menggunakan kerangka analisis deskriftif dengan mengadopsi paradigma interpretivis. Hasil kajian menunjukan bahwa sistem pembelajaran di daerah 3T saat ini dilaksanakan dengan pendekatan yang berpusat pada guru dan infrastrukturnya di kelas seperti buku teks dan masih berpedoman pada model penilaian yang klasik sehingga perlu adanya inovasi melalui berbagai metode yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan peserta didik. Hasil kajian, merekomendasikan penelitian lebih lanjut diberbagai bidang berkaitan dengan pergeseran pedagogi sejalan dengan disrupsi digitalisasi pendidikan dewasa ini, khusunya di daerah terisolasi dari perkembangan teknologi digital agar mampu menyesuaikan model pendidikan pengajaran sesuai dengan kebutuhan peserta didik.
Purpose
To assess the feasibility of delayed gadolinium‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of cartilage (dGEMRIC) and T2 mapping for biochemical imaging of the wrist at 3T.
Materials and ...Methods
Seventeen patients with wrist pain (mean age, 41.4 ± 13.1 years) including a subgroup with chondromalacia (n = 11) and 15 healthy volunteers (26.0 ± 2.2 years) underwent dGEMRIC and T2 mapping at 3T. For dGEMRIC, the optimum time window after contrast‐injection (gadopentetate dimeglumine) was defined as the plateau of the T1 curve of repeated measurements 15–90 minutes postinjection and assessed in all volunteers. Reference values of healthy‐appearing cartilage from all individuals and values in areas of chondromalacia were assessed using region‐of‐interest analyses. Receiver‐operating‐characteristic analyses were applied to assess discriminatory ability between damaged and normal cartilage.
Results
The optimum time window was 45–90 minutes, and the 60‐minute timepoint was subsequently used. In chondromalacia, dGEMRIC values were lower (551 ± 84 msec, P < 0.001), and T2 values higher (63.9 ± 17.7, P = 0.001) compared to healthy‐appearing cartilage of the same patient. Areas under the curve did not significantly differ between dGEMRIC (0.91) and T2 mapping (0.99; P = 0.17). In healthy‐appearing cartilage of volunteers and patients, mean dGEMRIC values were 731.3 ± 47.1 msec and 674.6 ± 72.1 msec (P = 0.01), and mean T2 values were 36.5 ± 5 msec and 41.1 ± 3.2 msec (P = 0.009), respectively.
Conclusion
At 3T, dGEMRIC and T2 mapping are feasible for biochemical cartilage imaging of the wrist. Both techniques allow separation and biochemical assessment of thin opposing cartilage surfaces and can distinguish between healthy and damaged cartilage.
Level of Evidence: 3
J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;45:381–389.
Spintronic devices based on domain wall (DW) motion through ferromagnetic nanowire tracks have received great interest as components of neuromorphic information processing systems. Previous proposals ...for spintronic artificial neurons required external stimuli to perform the leaking functionality, one of the three fundamental functions of a leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) neuron. The use of this external magnetic field or electrical current stimulus results in either a decrease in energy efficiency or an increase in fabrication complexity. In this article, we modify the shape of previously demonstrated three-terminal magnetic tunnel junction neurons to perform the leaking operation without any external stimuli. The trapezoidal structure causes a shape-based DW drift, thus intrinsically providing the leaking functionality with no hardware cost. This LIF neuron, therefore, promises to advance the development of spintronic neural network crossbar arrays.
Evapotranspiration (ET) cooling of urban spaces is an effective and economical way to improve the urban thermal environment. However, the distribution of urban ET rate is typically unknown owing to ...the high heterogeneity of urban land covers, which limits the application of many conventional techniques for measuring ET, such as ground-based observations and satellite remote sensing. In this study, an improved approach called “UAV + IRs + 3T”, combining unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), thermal infrared remote sensing, and a three-temperature model (3T), was developed for estimating urban ET and validated by Bowen ratio method. Results showed that the proposed method could accurately measure urban LE with R2 = 0.95, MAE = 21.98 W m−2, RMSE = 30.33 W m−2, RRMSE = 19.65%. The proposed method could obtain urban ET with an ultra-high spatial resolution (approximately 15.5 cm) and temporal resolution (once per hour). Furthermore, 9 plant species distributed across the 18 sample plots showed significant differences in mean intra-day ET rates. Even for the same plant species at different sites, such as Ficus concinna and Zoysia matrella, their average intra-day ET rates differed by 50% and 400%, respectively. These large differences could be attributed to artificial pavement and infrastructure, different artificial irrigation methods, and difference in artificial and natural shade. In conclusion, there is spatio-temporal variability in urban ET rates, which can be precisely revealed by the proposed method. Therefore, the “UAV + IRs + 3T” method has the potential for a wide range of applications in urban environmental planning.
•Propose a new method based on UAV and infrared RS for observing urban evapotranspiration.•The new method could obtain urban ET with an ultra-high spatio-temporal resolution.•Different pavement, infrastructure, irrigation and shade causes different urban ET.•Average intra-day ET of the same plant species differ up to 400% at different sites.
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