Commonly used petrological quantification methods are visual estimation, counting, and image analyses. However, in this article, an Adobe Photoshop-based analyzing method (PSQ) is recommended for ...quantifying the rock textural data and porosities. Adobe Photoshop system provides versatile abilities in selecting an area of interest and the pixel number of a selection could be read and used to calculate its area percentage. Therefore, Adobe Photoshop could be used to rapidly quantify textural components, such as content of grains, cements, and porosities including total porosities and different genetic type porosities. This method was named as Adobe Photoshop Quantification (PSQ). The workflow of the PSQ method was introduced with the oolitic dolomite samples from the Triassic Feixianguan Formation, Northeastern Sichuan Basin, China, for example. And the method was tested by comparing with the Folk׳s and Shvetsov׳s “standard” diagrams. In both cases, there is a close agreement between the “standard” percentages and those determined by the PSQ method with really small counting errors and operator errors, small standard deviations and high confidence levels. The porosities quantified by PSQ were evaluated against those determined by the whole rock helium gas expansion method to test the specimen errors. Results have shown that the porosities quantified by the PSQ are well correlated to the porosities determined by the conventional helium gas expansion method. Generally small discrepancies (mostly ranging from −3% to 3%) are caused by microporosities which would cause systematic underestimation of 2% and/or by macroporosities causing underestimation or overestimation in different cases.
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•Adobe Photoshop could be used to quantify rock textural components and porosities.•This method has been tested to be precise and accurate.•It is time saving compared with usual methods.
This paper presents a simple method that uses a combination of digital camera, computer, and graphics software to measure and analyze the surface color of food products. The method has also the ...advantages of being versatile and affordable. The images of the food products can be displayed on computer screen or printed on paper for qualitative analysis of color and structure. Quantitative information such as color distribution and averages (in terms of
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Spiders possess a wide array of sensory‐driven behaviors and therefore provide rich models for studying evolutionary hypotheses about the relationship between brain morphology, sensory systems, and ...behavior. Despite this, only a handful of studies have examined brain variation across the order of Araneae. In this study, I present descriptions of the gross brain morphology for 19 families of spiders that vary in eye morphology. Spiders showed the most variation in the secondary eye visual pathway. Based on this variation, spiders could be categorized into four groups. Group 1 spiders had small, underdeveloped laminae, no medullae, and no mushroom bodies. Group 2 spiders had large laminae, no medullae and large mushroom bodies. Group 3 spiders had laminae and some evidence of reduced medullae and mushroom bodies. Group 4 spiders had the most complex systems, with large laminae, medullae formed from optical glomeruli, and robust mushroom bodies. Within groups, there was large variation in the shape and size of individual regions, indicating possible variation in neuronal organization. The possible evolutionary implications of the loss of a dedicated olfactory organ in spiders and its effects on the mushroom body are also discussed.
Diagrams showing the four different groups of secondary eye morphology found by the study. For each group, neuropils of the secondary eye visual pathway and the connections between the secondary eye visual pathway and the protocerebrum are given.
Graphs, an effective form of data presentation, are used for summarizing complex information and making them easier to understand. Extracting numerical data from graphs, which is commonly required in ...systematic reviews and meta-analyses, is however a challenging issue. Since this kind of results presentation is common, ignorance of such data may result in publication bias when conducting meta-analyses. On the other hand, contacting the authors of a particular publication in order to retrieve the data may take a long time and is often not very fruitful. In this case, there are a few software and methods that may be used for data extraction; however, using these software is costly and not simple as well as different types of graphs need different extraction methods. Here, we have described a simple reproducible method for extracting data from graphs using Adobe Photoshop.
The entorhinal cortex is the main gateway for interactions between the neocortex and the hippocampus. Distinct regions, layers, and cells of the hippocampal formation exhibit different profiles of ...structural and molecular maturation during postnatal development. Here, we provide estimates of neuron number, neuronal soma size, and volume of the different layers and subdivisions of the monkey entorhinal cortex (Eo, Er, Elr, Ei, Elc, Ec, Ecl) during postnatal development. We found different developmental changes in neuronal soma size and volume of distinct layers in different subdivisions, but no changes in neuron number. Layers I and II developed early in most subdivisions. Layer III exhibited early maturation in Ec and Ecl, a two‐step/early maturation in Ei and a late maturation in Er. Layers V and VI exhibited an early maturation in Ec and Ecl, a two‐step and early maturation in Ei, and a late maturation in Er. Neuronal soma size increased transiently at 6 months of age and decreased thereafter to reach adult size, except in Layer II of Ei, and Layers II and III of Ec and Ecl. These findings support the theory that different hippocampal circuits exhibit distinct developmental profiles, which may subserve the emergence of different hippocampus‐dependent memory processes. We discuss how the early maturation of the caudal entorhinal cortex may contribute to path integration and basic allocentric spatial processing, whereas the late maturation of the rostral entorhinal cortex may contribute to the increased precision of allocentric spatial representations and the temporal integration of individual items into episodic memories.
Different neurons, layers, and subdivisions of the monkey entorhinal cortex exhibit different postnatal developmental profiles suggesting the differential structural maturation of putative functional circuits in support of spatial and episodic memory.
In achieving the learning objectives, many components are involved including teaching materials. One of the teaching materials that will be developed in the form of printed teaching materials, namely ...comics. The role of comics has a very important role because the emotional involvement of the reader will greatly affect the memory and memory of the subject matter obtained. This study aims to develop the teaching materials in the form of comic media using Adobe Photoshop CS6 software on the reaction rate material to determine teacher ratings and student responses to the developed comic media. This study uses a learning design procedural development model from ADDIE. The research instruments used were interview guidelines, needs questionnaires, expert team validation questionnaires, assessment questionnaires and student response questionnaires. The product of the development was validated by the content and construct validation team (Content Validity and Construct Validity), and was assessed by an expert validator in the multimedia field and then tested on a small group, the data obtained was further analyzed descriptively-quantitative. The positive result of class XI IPA 2 student responses at SMA N 7 Sarolangun were 87.02%, the results obtained that this comic media is very good and interesting. Based on the process and results of media development as well as material and results, overall it is concluded that this comic media product is feasible and interesting to use. Â
The article presents a way of remodeling old building facades, which have been subject to degradation, with the help of common software. There are two methods of reconstruction presented: the first ...method is using the Adobe Photoshop software and the second method is using the Agisoft PhotoScan software. A comparative study is presented, by showing the advantages and disadvantages of methods, as well as their similarities and differences. The building that is the subject of the study is one of the oldest buildings belonging to the university. It is noted that by combining modern technology (aerial scanning) and common software solutions, there can be found a fast and reliable response to the need for restoration and conservation of historical buildings.
Sign language is a communication system used by individuals with hearing impairments to interact and convey messages without using verbal sounds. Sign language has its own unique grammatical ...structure and vocabulary, enabling sign language users to express ideas and emotions through facial expressions, hand movements, and body positions. In this research, we explore important aspects of sign language, including its uniqueness, complexity, and diversity across different countries and cultures. We also discuss the role of sign language in facilitating communication, education, and social inclusion for the deaf community. This research highlights the significance of introducing and developing sign language competence among the general public, educators, and professionals in the fields of healthcare and social services. The development of the sign language learning media utilizes the Multimedia Development Life Cycle method. The main application used in creating the sign language learning media is Flutter, along with supporting applications such as Adobe Illustrator 2020 and Adobe Photoshop CC 2019. The features included in this application are finger alphabet signs, number signs, video tutorials for numbers and letter signs, quizzes, and learning objectives.
There exists substantial literature for capturing digital images of insect specimens for taxonomy purposes but very few papers are available on post processing of these images. We present a few ...techniques for editing digital images of insects using Adobe® Photoshop® which can be performed in a relatively short amount of time. The results clearly show that techniques using a combination of options like Curves, Dodge/Burn, Hue/Saturation and Lab Color mode in the software, enhance the quality of the original image without changing any taxonomic information. These methods applied in different combinations can be used for taxonomy of any insect taxon. We also caution the readers of the abuse of such techniques in context of taxonomy.
Have you ever wanted to summon magical powers? Appear in a graphic novel? Or control the weather and seasons? There’s a whole world of opportunity out there for creating fun photomontages, powerful ...panoramas, and dynamic distortions.
How to Cheat in Photoshop Elements 12 starts you at the basics of photomontage with selection techniques, layers and transformations; leading up to full-length projects for creating magazine covers, fantasy scenes, poster artwork and much, much more.This book also features:
A dedicated website where you can download images and tutorial videos that show you how to expand, develop, and master top techniques.
Full color images, a glossary of terms, useful keyboard shortcuts, and a detailed index that will help you locate that fantastic technique in a flash.
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