Built in 1566 by Spanish conquistador Juan Pardo, Fort San Juan is the earliest known European settlement in the interior United States. Located at the Berry site in western North Carolina, the fort ...and its associated domestic compound stood near the Native American town of Joara, whose residents sacked the fort and burned the compound after only eighteen months.
Drawing on archaeological evidence from architectural, floral, and faunal remains, as well as newly discovered accounts of Pardo's expeditions, this volume explores the deterioration in Native American–Spanish relations that sparked Joara's revolt and offers critical insight into the nature of early colonial interactions.
Through the study of archaeological, ethnographic, linguistic, and historical evidence from northern Peru to northern Chile, Bolivia, and northwest Argentina, the authors in this volume show the ...significance of ritual from pre-contact to present day in the Andes. These volume essays deal with theoretical and methodological concerns in anthropology and archaeology including non-human and human agency, the development and maintenance of political and religious authority, ideology, cosmologies, and social memory, and their relationships with ritual action. By providing a diachronic and widely regional perspective on ritual in the Andes, this volume shows how ritual is both persistent and dynamic and is key in understanding many aspects of the formation, reproduction, and change of life in past Andean societies.
Recent research has proposed that the Philistine city of Tell es-Safi/Gath was centrally involved in the copper trade from Faynan and Timna in the Wadi Arabah, and that the end of Arabah copper ...production in the second half of the 9th century bce should be attributed to the destruction of Tell es-Safi/Gath by Hazael, after which Cyprus replaced the Arabah as the major source for Levantine copper. This paper argues that the assumptions underlying this interpretation are not supported by the evidence. Gaza, not Tell es-Safi/Gath, was the main terminus for the Arabah copper trade; the termination of copper production in the Arabah was not an abrupt end caused by external intervention, but the result of a long process of decrease in administrative control and abandonment of copper production sites from the early 9th century bce; Hazael's motivation in destroying Tell es-Safi/Gath was more likely owing to its size and dominance of the region, and its economic power through olive oil production; Cypriot copper production had already intensified in the late 10th and first half of the 9th centuries bce, while Arabah copper production was still at its peak. An alternative and more complex explanation for the end of copper production in the Arabah emerges from this re-evaluation. The Arabah industry may have lacked the leadership and administrative infrastructure to compete with the renewed Cypriot trade. It continued to produce copper and probably traded it to established markets, but finally petered out by the end of the 9th century bce.
Complex sets of environmental factors have interacted over the past 5,000 years to affect how changes in climate, temperature, relative precipitation, and the levels of Lake Michigan influence the ...preservation of archaeological sites in coastal sand dunes along Lake Michigan. As a collaboration between earth scientists, archaeologists, and geoarchaeologists, this study draws on a wealth of research and multidisciplinary insights to explore the conditions necessary to safeguard ancient human settlements in these landscapes. A variety of contemporary and innovative techniques, including numerous dating methods and approaches, were employed to determine when and for how long sand dunes were active and when and for how long archaeological sites were occupied. Knowledge of dune processes and settlement patterns not only affects archaeological interpretations, but it is also consummately important to land planners responsible for managing heritage archaeological sites in the Lake Michigan coastal zone.
A free ebook version of this title is available through Luminos, University of California Press's Open Access publishing program. Visit www.luminosoa.org to learn more. In Ritual Boundaries, ...Joseph E. Sanzo transforms our understanding of how early Christians experienced religion in lived practice through the study of magical objects, such as amulets and grimoires. Against the prevailing view of late antiquity as a time when only so-called elites were interested in religious and ritual differentiation, the evidence presented here reveals that the desire to distinguish between religious and ritual insiders and outsiders cut across diverse social strata. The magical evidence also offers unique insight into early biblical reception, exposing a textual world in which scriptural reading was multisensory and multitraditional. As they addressed sickness, demonic struggle, and interpersonal conflicts, Mediterranean people thus acted in ways that challenge our conceptual boundaries between Christians and non-Christians; elites and non-elites; and words, materials, and images. Sanzo helps us rethink how early Christians imagined similarity and difference among texts, traditions, groups, and rituals as they went about their daily lives.  
Gabii through its Artefacts brings together 15 papers
written by as many scholars on objects from the excavations of the
town of Gabii undertaken by three different international teams
since 2007: ...The Gabii Project, which is a primarily US-based group
of scholars; a team from the Musée du Louvre; and a team from the
University of Rome "Tor Vergata" collaborating with the
Soprintendenza Speciale per i Beni Archeologici di Roma. The
contributions aim to consider artefacts outside the ceramic report
and small finds catalogue format in terms of both the wide variety
of materials and the possibilities for unique individual stories.
Objects ranging from the pre-Roman to Imperial periods are examined
using a mix of approaches, making an effort to be sensitive to
excavation context and formation processes. Approaches include
archaeometric, spatial, and statistical analyses, artefact life
history approaches, and archival approaches. Thus, different scales
of analysis are also undertaken: in some cases individual objects
are focused on, in others whole classes or assemblages. The papers
ultimately share the common goal of offering new stories about the
inhabitants of Gabii told through their artefacts. Together they
enliven the Gabines' behaviours: their concerns about personal and
economic security and status, their productive activities and trade
connections to other towns, their aesthetic and ritual concerns,
their political affiliations and aspirations.
People in the past were always confronted with surviving remains
from previous periods, and reacted to and engaged with them in
varying ways. One activity through which this becomes visible is
the ...reuse of tombs. If this reuse is an intentional reference to
the past, it explicitly communicates meaning and thus cultural
memory. In Eastern Arabia, however, this phenomenon received little
attention in archaeological research, often having been discounted
by the excavators as a disturbance to the first use of a tomb.
This book will investigate reuse of tombs from the beginning of
the Early Bronze Age until the end of the Sasanian period in order
to understand the underlying purposes and social context of this
practice. In Eastern Arabia, where the adding of new burials to the
original content of the tomb is common, such reuse might have
functioned to make sense of the present, to give orientation in new
situations and to help shape a cultural identity. Reuse occurred
more often in the Iron Age and Samad/PIR periods than in all other
periods investigated, combined. These are also times of visible
social hierarchies. The resulting tensions made counter-measures
that both promoted social cohesion and group identity and
legitimised the role of the elites necessary. This might have been
achieved through creating cultural memory by reusing old tombs.
This book presents results of excavations at the moated sites of Barrow Old Hall and Twiss Green, in Warrington, North West England, including evidence for possible aisled halls at both sites, as ...well as a significant assemblage of medieval and early post-medieval pottery.
This biography of the archaeologist and scholar Rodolfo Lanciani (1845 1929) offers a framework to assess his pronouncements on the ancient Roman past. It examines his highly diverse scholarly ...production: the academic and the popular writings, in both the Italian and the English language. His fascinations, interpretations, and presentations of ancient Rome are positioned within a broad context of historical and cultural events in late 19th-century Rome, the recently established capital of the new Italian state. This includes an examination of the subtle transformations in the practice of archaeology in Italy at the time, the extreme destruction of ancient Rome as the modern capital was being constructed, the variable oversight of the bureaucratic archaeological services in Rome, and the heated political discourse over the ownership and display of cultural patrimony in the nation.
Lastly, this monograph reveals how the erudite, ambitious, charming and self-promoting Lanciani contributed and responded to the extreme interests of a nexus of international scholars, archaeologists, collectors, and museum professionals, from outside Italy, including those from the United States. Publisher's text.
PDF
