The impact of national defense research and development spending on overall innovation depends on the extent to which the knowledge and technologies generated by defense funding diffuse. This article ...uses an original data-set of patents assigned to defense-servicing organizations to investigate the diffusion of military technologies. Contrary to the predictions of the prevailing scholarship, I find no difference in the rate of diffusion between civilian and military technologies. Neither do military technologies assigned to government agencies diffuse at different rates than those assigned to firms. The overall technological experience of the patent assignee is found to be a positive predictor of the diffusion of military technologies. The effect of the prevailing intellectual property rights regime is ambivalent: when US patents are included in the sample, the effect of patent protection is positive, when the US is excluded, the effect is either non-significant or negative depending on the model specification that is utilized.
This article reflects an applied theoretical study that addresses the relationship between emotional intelligence, occupational stress, motivation and job satisfaction in the employees of a machine ...tool manufacturer. Emotional intelligence is very important and indispensable for managers in Romanian institutions, leaders wanting all employees to fulfill their obligations and responsibilities in a pleasant environment, without stress, to have effective productivity. The aim of the paper is to manage emotions, stress and time, follow rules and is to observe the relationship between EQ and work management. Emotional states must be aware, understood and controlled to achieve our goals and purpose. It describes the basic concepts, basic psychological models, purpose, objective, research hypothesis, methodology, tools for measuring emotional intelligence and job satisfaction. The main objective highlights the emotional intelligence of the people involved in the organization, an objective applied at individual and group level that leads to increasing the quality of production. Observation, interview, questionnaire, analysis and data synthesis were used as research methods. The research has 4 hypotheses that have been demonstrated. Statistical analyzes were performed using the SPSS 20 program, focusing on descriptive statistics, percentage frequency analysis, correlations. Emotional intelligence is indispensable in leadership positions, and job satisfaction is directly associated with productivity and efficiency in an organization.
In a dynamic investment framework with depreciation, we show incumbent satellite operators have incentives to “warehouse” a fraction of their assigned spectrum and orbital slots, keeping ...nonoperational assets in place, which reduces output, increases prices, and diminishes social welfare. Exploring three distinct market structures, we model firms' incentives to warehouse, and show conditions under which firms choose to warehouse rather than replace nonfunctioning satellites. We find a dominant firm with a competitive fringe produces more and longer duration warehousing relative to perfect competition or monopoly. Regulators could remediate warehousing by increasing a firm's marginal costs, or by increasing the probability of reallocating orbital slots that do not have a fully functioning satellite. (JEL L9, L5)
This research investigates whether the global startup original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) in China could employ their knowledge-acquisition capability developed via internationalization to ...compete domestically (i.e. reverse internationalization), facing the recession in developed markets. Results examine that knowledge-acquisition capability can help these firms compete in 'reverse internationalization', while the conduct of own brand strategy partially mediates the positive relationship between their capability and domestic performance. We contribute to the literature by identifying the unique 'Chinese global startup OEMs', recognizing knowledge-acquisition capability as a high-order dynamic capability for such firms, and introducing a novel entrepreneurial phenomenon we call 'reverse internationalization'.
The increase in the accessibility of firearms and ammunition represents a key factor of destabilization in many countries. It is also commonly associated with an escalation in intensity and ...organization of collective and interpersonal violence. In some cases, arms are illegally transferred via diversion from existing stores. In this article, we consider the leakage from military to civilian markets as an important source of ammunition available to civilians in Haiti. We employ a unique section-quarterly panel of ammunition prices on the Haitian civilian market over the period July 2004-July 2012. These data are combined with publicly available monthly data on authorized ammunition shipments to the country registered by the United Nations (UN) and Haitian National Police (HNP). We use a standard time-series Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) model to show that the exogenous shocks of UN- and HNP-ordered ammunition exert measurable downward pressure on civilian ammunition markets, which we calculate in terms of adjusted predictions and partial elasticities of demand. These effects constitute econometric evidence that the firewall that should in theory have separated military and civilian markets in Haiti partially broke down. We conclude with a suggestion for using this model to help estimate the specific size of the leakage.
This article takes steps from the birth and consolidation of “homeland” as the central discursive engine of the US national security enterprise; and takes issue with the dominant scholarly ...interpretation of the geographical and spatial implications of its emergence in terms of the dissolution of space and spatialization in security policy (Bialasiewicz et al., 2007: 416). We adopt a multi-scalar approach to exploring security discourse/practice, comparing the performativity of national and global security with the local practice/discourse of public safety—with empirical focus on the case of Memphis (TN). Our main arguments are that the homeland builds on the same performative elements of the emergence and consolidation of a certain conception of “community”, as it has become dominant in public safety policymaking at the local scale; and that the homeland/community performativity is the expression of a never-ending movement of production of multi-scalar geographies of the “good” and “evil”, made of the coexistence of centrifugal (pushing problems away) and centripetal (incorporating any given outside) dimensions.
Many industries face open, global markets with requirements for rapid response and low costs. Given the major role that technology plays in business competitiveness, proper technology management (T) ...in combination with a good production strategy (S), is important to address current challenges. This paper analyzes the nature of T & S implementation in different industrial contexts to examine whether there are differences in how T & S are implemented in different sectors, whether implementation is linked to performance, and whether contextual factors explain the differences. A database from the High Performance Manufacturing Project is used to test the research questions based on a survey of 267 plants across nine countries in three different industrial contexts (machinery, electronics and auto suppliers). The findings show some differences between the T and S practice modes in the three industries. T and S implementation is observed to be related to performance, but not in the same way. Three of the eight contextual factors are found to differ in the three sectors, which may explain the differences found in T and S implementation. The results imply that plants should consider the joint implementation of T and S as their interdependencies may affect performance, outweighing the possible differences between industries in which plants operate. However, when implementing a specific technology practice, not all plants necessarily consider the same production strategy practices across industries. Likewise, when adopting a certain production strategy, it is not necessarily influenced by the same technology practices across industries.
•Interrelationships technology (T)–production strategy (S) exist in different industries.•Linkages are: reciprocal for electronics and automotive, sequential (T to S) for machinery.•T has a greater influence on S than S on T, with greatest difference in machinery.•Industry differences in practices configurations are best suited for specific fits.•Interdependence leads to industry competitiveness and outweighs context differences.
The way of the gun McDougal, Topher L.; Shirk, David A.; Muggah, Robert ...
Journal of economic geography,
03/2015, Volume:
15, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
The volume of firearms sold in USA and trafficked across the US–Mexico border is notoriously difficult to estimate. We consider a unique approach using GIS-generated county-level panel data ...(1993–1999 and 2010–2012) of Federal Firearms Licenses to sell small arms (FFLs) to estimate the realized demand for firearms based on the distance by road from the nearest point on the US–Mexico border. We use a time-series negative binomial model paired with a post-estimation population attributable fraction (PAF) estimator. We do so to control determinants of domestic demand. We are able to estimate a total demand for trafficking, both in terms of firearms and dollar sales for the firearms industry. We find that nearly 2.2% (between 0.9% and 3.7%) of US domestic arms sales are attributable to the US–Mexico traffic in the period 2010–2012, representing 212,887 firearms (between 89,816 and 359,205) purchased annually to be trafficked.
À travers une approche institutionnaliste de l’industrie d’armement, cet article mobilise les analyses issues des politiques publiques et de Jullien et Smith (2009 ; 2012) pour étudier l’évolution du ...système de recherche et développement R&D de défense en France. Il conclut que, si des adaptations au nouveau contexte géopolitique et économique ont eu lieu à la suite de la fin de la guerre froide, la politique de défense a choisi de maintenir le pays dans la course à l’excellence technologique militaire. Ce faisant, la relation entre l’État et les entreprises d’armement demeure structurante pour la viabilité de la R&D de défense.
With the growing concern over climate change and aided by technology development, photovoltaic (PV) installation has risen rapidly in China. Because PV modules are fully packed and the sites for PV ...installation may be remote from investors, it is difficult for investors to determine the actual quality of PV modules. To simulate the information asymmetry of PV quality and its impacts on market reaction, an agent-based model at social network scale is applied based on the data of Chinese PV market. To mitigate the quality problem while expanding the financing scale for PV projects, two policy options are proposed, including information disclosure and penalties. The simulation results indicate that investors are more sensitive to the negative attitudes of surrounding people, and that raising dividend ratios will drive both defaults and joining ratios higher. We further discuss policy implications of findings to ensure the prosperity of the PV financing market and the high quality of PV systems at the same time.
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