In the contemporary conditions, the implementation of computer parametric design to facilitate the design of 3D paper models is successfully realized using modern technological tools such as the free ...software Blender. Through the convenient interface of the program, the modeling of the desired three-dimensional shapes is greatly facilitated. This also applies to the automated process of constructing a drawing of the resulting polygonal 3D models, which in the future are assembled into three-dimensional paper models. This paper describes in detail the process of fine-designing 3D paper models using specific exemplary primitive, text, and with relatively complex form.
Common Machine-Learning (ML) approaches for scene classification require a large amount of training data. However, for classification of depth sensor data, in contrast to image data, relatively few ...databases are publicly available and manual generation of semantically labeled 3D point clouds is an even more time-consuming task. To simplify the training data generation process for a wide range of domains, we have developed the
add-on package for the open-source 3D modeling software Blender, which enables a largely automated generation of semantically annotated point-cloud data in virtual 3D environments. In this paper, we focus on classical depth-sensing techniques Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) and Sound Navigation and Ranging (Sonar). Within the
add-on, different depth sensors can be loaded from presets, customized sensors can be implemented and different environmental conditions (e.g., influence of rain, dust) can be simulated. The semantically labeled data can be exported to various 2D and 3D formats and are thus optimized for different ML applications and visualizations. In addition, semantically labeled images can be exported using the rendering functionalities of Blender.
•A PTSRR-MSRR comprehensive model with catalyst packing characteristic is proposed.•Catalyst packing characteristics were obtained by Blender rigid body packing model.•Proposed model was applied to ...optimize PTSRR-MSRRs comprehensively and efficiently.•The catalyst diameter and shape can be optimized for better comprehensive performance.•It provides an option for similar solar-driven thermochemical conversion processes.
The catalyst particle packing characteristics have a significant impact on improving the comprehensive energy conversion performance and economic benefits of sustainable solar-driven thermochemical hydrogen production systems. However, corresponding accurate and efficient numerical research tools or methods still need to be developed. In this paper, a three-dimensional comprehensive optical-thermal-chemical coupling model with catalyst particle packing characteristics is proposed for the parabolic trough solar receiver-reactor (PTSRR) of methanol steam reforming reaction (MSRR) for hydrogen production. This model is developed by combining a Monte Carlo ray tracing optical model, a computational fluid dynamics model, a MSRR comprehensive kinetic model with a Blender rigid body packing model. After validation, it was found from comparisons with previous studies that this model can represent relatively realistic catalyst porosity distributions of packed-bed reactors at a very low computational cost. Then, this model was applied to obtain the porosity of different PTSRR-MSRRs and optimize the catalyst size and shape, to achieve better comprehensive performance as well as economic benefits of higher overall efficiency and catalyst utilization efficiency. The results reveal that the PTSRR-MSRRs filled with cylinders and Raschig rings (R-PTSRR) can achieve similar high methanol conversion rate, while the R-PTSRR has more advantages with its lower average resistance coefficient and CO selectivity. After weighing the methanol conversion rate, the overall efficiency and the catalyst utilization efficiency, the optimum R-PTSRR is highly recommended. This study provides a useful option for rapid comprehensive analysis and optimization of similar solar-driven thermochemical conversion processes on catalyst particle packed beds.
The essay aims to explore the fluid and non-binary forms of body representation, self-image making and gender identities that are expressed through dress in digital culture. In fact, the use of ...fashion products makes the cultural system explicit and socially active through the construction of universes of values and everyday practices that help define individual identity as "belonging" to a complex system of cultural micro-worlds whose variety has a systemic impact on the conception and acceptance of the infinite possibilities of gender. Digital culture poses additional layers of complexity, proposing new norms and counter-norms that act in the sphere of influence between fashion and culture, altering, expanding and influencing the way fashion can be produced, remembered, communicated and known. In this framework, it is interesting to address the case of Ambrosia (Vincenzo D'Ambrosio, born in 1993), a performer and artist of the contemporary Italian scene, linked to fashion. Ambrosia seeks to intercept the now increasingly fluid and nonbinary forms of body representation, also tracing the historical roots of the Italian queer scene.
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A concept of mixing energy, ME, has been developed and applied to blending of adhesive mixtures for inhalation in a high shear blender. Six different systems were investigated, four ...of which included a coating agent. For blends containing a coating agent, it is shown that the applied ME is key to the control of two important functional mechanisms: i) coating of the carrier by the coating agent, and ii) the dispersibility of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). The mass of the carrier was identified to be the mass which is relevant to the forces acting during mixing. The dispersibility in terms of the fine particle fraction (FPF) can be expressed as the product of two exponentials which both are functions of ME. The first factor accounts for the initial increase in FPF, while the second accounts for the decrease observed at extensive mixing. For adhesive mixtures without a coating agent, a similar decrease in FPF is observed when high forces are applied during mixing. Mechanistic interpretation of the behavior is provided.
Este artículo sintetiza la experiencia en programación visual adquirida durante los últimos años por el grupo de investigación IDECA (investigación y desarrollo de contenidos audiovisuales) en el ...desarrollo de proyectos audiovisuales y videojuegos. Para ello, nos sumergimos en el proceso de creación de un videojuego a través del análisis de dos de los principales entornos de desarrollo basados en programación visual Blender y Unreal Engine. Por medio del estudio del funcionamiento de los Bloques de lógica utilizados en Blender, y del sistema nodular de Blueprints empleado por Unreal Engine, observaremos cómo la programación visual se ha convertido en el referente dentro del desarrollo de videojuegos. Analizaremos y compararemos las similitudes y diferencias entre ambos entornos, con el fin de comprender ante qué proyectos utilizar cada uno de ellos con más garantías de éxito.
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•A novel open-source work-flow for the simulation of randomly packed-bed reactors is presented.•Packing generation is performed with the open-source computer graphics code ...Blender.•Fluid flow in the bed is simulated with the open-source CFD code OpenFOAM.•The simulated packed-bed features are in line with experimental observations.•Results prove that the work-flow is a cost and time efficient platform.
The simulation of flow and transport in packed-bed (catalytic and non-catalytic) reactors is of paramount importance in the chemical industry. Different tools have been developed in the last decades for generating particle packings, such as the Discrete Element Method (DEM), whereas Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is generally employed for simulating fluid flow and scalar dispersion. This work-flow presents the main drawbacks of being computationally expensive, as most packing generation algorithms deal with non-convex objects, such as trilobes, with cumbersome strategies, and of making use of in-house or commercial codes, that are either difficult to access or costly. In this paper a novel open-source and easily accessible work-flow based on Blender, a rigid-body simulation tool developed for computer graphics applications, and OpenFOAM a very well-known CFD code, is presented. The approach, which presents the main advantage of being computationally fast, is validated by comparison with experimental data for global bulk porosity, particle orientation, local porosity and velocity distributions, and pressure drop. To our knowledge this is the very first application of Blender for the simulation of packed-bed reactors.
Chlorinated paraffins (CPs, polychlorinated n-alkanes) are versatile, high-production-volume chemicals. A previous study indicated that hand blenders leak CPs into prepared food.
(1) to estimate ...exposure to CPs from hand blender use compared to background CP exposure from diet; (2) to assess the risk from human dietary exposure to CPs from hand blender use; (3) to investigate how hand blenders leak out CPs.
CPs were analyzed in food market baskets, in cooking oil/water samples (1g oil/100mL water) mixed using 16 different hand blenders, and in dismantled components of the hand blenders.
Dietary intake of CPs from food market baskets was calculated to be 4.6μg/day per capita for Swedish adults. Total CP amounts in oil/water leakage samples ranged from <0.09 to 120μg using the hand blenders once. CP leakage showed no decreasing levels after 20 times of hand blender usage. CP profiles in the leakage samples matched those of self-lubricating bearings and/or polymer components disassembled from the hand blenders.
Usage of 75% of the hand blenders tested will lead to increased human exposure to CPs. The intake of CPs for Swedish adults by using hand blenders once a day can raise their daily dietary intake by a factor of up to 26. The 95th percentile intake of CPs via using the hand blenders once a day exceeded the TDI for Swedish infants with a body weight <7.2kg. CP leakage came from blender components which contain CPs. The leakage may last several hundred times of hand blender use.
•Human daily dietary exposure to chlorinated paraffins can be significantly increased by using hand blenders.•Chlorinated paraffin intake via hand blender use exceeded the tolerable daily intake for infants with a body weight <7.2kg.•C6 – C22 chlorinated paraffins were identified in the leakage from the hand blender use.•The leakage came from blender components which contain chlorinated paraffins.
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•The effect of ambient airflow on particle dynamics and the mixing efficiency highly depends on particle size.•Medium particles may suffer from a negative airflow effect on the mixing ...efficiency.•A new mathematical-statistical method (POD-ANOVA) is used to elucidate air-driven mixing mechanisms.
Numerical simulations by the discrete element method (DEM) and DEM-computational fluid dynamics (CFD) have greatly facilitated the investigation of mixing kinetics in various particle mixing systems, including the common container blender. Recently, airflow within the container blender has been found to remarkably improve the mixing efficiency of fine particles. Nevertheless, a wide range of particle sizes has not been examined regarding the airflow effect. Thus, to comprehensively understand the particle size dependence of the airflow impact on powder mixing, this study aims to investigate the relationship of various particle diameters and powder mixing in an industrial container blender. An advanced mathematical-statistical method, named proper orthogonal decomposition-analysis of variance (POD-ANOVA), is used to clarify the complex mixing mechanisms. Numerical results show that airflow has different impacts on the mixing efficiency determined by the particle size range. The mixing of coarse particles with diameters above 1.000 mm is not significantly influenced by airflow, whereas medium-sized particles, ranging from 0.5000 to 1.000 mm, display reduced mixing efficiency as particle size decreases. Conversely, for small particles (0.2000–0.5000 mm), the mixing efficiency improves when decreasing the particle size. The underlying variations of powder mixing mechanisms have been well elucidated, and the convection mixing mechanism is found to be crucial in determining the mixing efficiency via POD-ANOVA analysis. Consequently, this work provides critical insights into the airflow effect during powder mixing, which has been verified to be highly dependent on particle size and is dominated by the convection mechanism.
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