The safe operation of grid-connected power converters during abnormal condition is a key issue in order to guarantee operation and to avoid undesired trips. In this paper, different control ...strategies for the operation of a D-STATCOM are introduced, where the reference currents are determined in such a way that not only will none of the phase currents go over the limits, but also the dc voltage fluctuations remain in safe operation limits. Fluctuating active power interchange during unbalanced condition leads to dc voltage oscillation. Severe unbalanced condition and small dc capacitor selection (to meet the size and cost constraints) intensify the dc voltage oscillation. Therefore, the contribution of this paper relies on the combination of the dc voltage oscillations and the current limit control. The effectiveness of three proposed control strategies is verified by simulating a D-STATCOM tied to an industrial distribution network. Moreover, a scaled scenario has been reproduced experimentally which shows that the results cope well with the analytical equations and the simulation results.
Disrupted Cities Graham, Stephen
2010, 20100610, 2009, 2009-03-15, 2010-06-10
eBook
Bringing together leading researchers from geography, political science, sociology, public policy and technology studies, Disrupted Cities exposes the politics of well-known disruptions such as ...devastation of New Orleans in 2005, the global SARS outbreak in 2002-3, and the great power collapse in the North Eastern US in 2003. But the book also excavates the politics of more hidden disruptions: the clogging of city sewers with fat; the day-to-day infrastructural collapses which dominate urban life in much of the global south; the deliberate devastation of urban infrastructure by state militaries; and the ways in which alleged threats of infrastructural disruption have been used to radically reorganize cities as part of the ‘war on terror’.
Accessible, topical and state-of-the art, Disrupted Cities will be required reading for anyone interested in the intersections of technology, security and urban life as we plunge headlong into this quintessentially urban century. The book’s blend of cutting-edge theory with visceral events means that it will be particularly useful for illuminating urban courses within geography, sociology, planning, anthropology, political science, public policy, architecture and technology studies.
Introduction 1. Managing the Risk of Cascading Failure in Complex Urban Infrastructure 2. Disoriented City 3. Power Loss 4. Containing Insecurity 5. Clogged Cities 6. Securitizing Networked Flows 7. Disruption by Design 8. Infrastructure, Interruption and Inequality
"In this provocative, compelling book, Graham and an international team of collaborators add essential theoretical insights and empirical knowledge to the rapidly developing field of infrastructure studies. This is essential reading for anyone interested in the urbanized dimensions of infrastructure and in the infrastructural dimensions of urbanization."—Neil Brenner, Sociology and Metropolitan Studies, New York University
"With a razor-sharp blade, this remarkable book cuts through the tangled skein of infrastructure that knots the city – and the planet – together. By looking at these networks in failure mode, Stephen Graham and his collaborators demonstrate with scary precision the ways in which such "invisible" webs not simply service but regulate - and too often destroy - the lives that depend on them."—Michael Sorkin, Architecture and Urban Design, City College of New York
"Seeing cities through the lens of infrastructure opens up a world of processes, breakdowns, and inertias. Each of the chapters brings to light unexpected features of how infrastructures fit into city life, how malfunction makes them more visible in certain cities and a state of nature in slums, how political dynamics are unleashed by infrastructures . This is an exciting contribution to the study of cities." –Saskia Sassen, author of Deciphering the Global
" This very interesting book made the reviewer think about specific actions professionals should take, how they should try to convince decision makers about the need to renovate such infrastructure, and to what extent real-life challenges and duties should be taken into account when educating professionals." -- Public Works Management & Policy, August 2010
Stephen Graham is Professor of Human Geography at Durham University in the UK. He has a background in urbanism, planning and the sociology of technology. His research addresses the complex intersections between urban places, mobilities, technology, war, surveillance and geopolitics. He is Academic Director of the International Boundaries Research Unit (IBRU) and Associate Director of the Centre for the Study of Cities and Regions (CSCR), both at Durham. His books include Telecommunications and the City , Splintering Urbanism (both with Simon Marvin), the Cybercities Reader , and Cities, War and Terrorism . His latest book, Cities Under Siege: The New Military Urbanism, will be published by Verso in Summer 2009.
Extended models, methods, and applications in power system risk assessment Risk Assessment of Power Systems: Models, Methods, and Applications, Second Edition fills the gap between risk theory and ...real-world application. Author Wenyuan Li is a leading authority on power system risk and has more than twenty-five years of experience in risk evaluation. This book offers real- world examples to help readers learn to evaluate power system risk during planning, design, operations, and maintenance activities. Some of the new additions in the Second Edition include: * New research and applied achievements in power system risk assessment * A discussion of correlation models in risk evaluation * How to apply risk assessment to renewable energy sources and smart grids * Asset management based on condition monitoring and risk evaluation * Voltage instability risk assessment and its application to system planning The book includes theoretical methods and actual industrial applications. It offers an extensive discussion of component and system models, applied methods, and practical examples, allowing readers to effectively use the basic concepts to conduct risk assessments for power systems in the real world. With every original chapter updated, two new sections added, and five entirely new chapters included to cover new trends, Risk Assessment of Power Systems is an essential reference.
In January 1998 a massive ice storm descended on New York, New England, and eastern Canada. It crushed power grids from the Great Lakes to the North Atlantic, forcing thousands of people into public ...shelters and leaving millions of others in their homes without electricity. In this riveting book Stephen Doheny-Farina presents an insider's account of these events, describing the destruction of the electric network in his own village and the emergence of the face-to-face interactions that took its place. His stories examine the impact of electronic communications on community, illuminating the relationship between electronic and human connections and between networks and neighborhoods, and exploring why and how media portrayals of disasters can distort authentic experience.Doheny-Farina begins by discussing the disaster and tracing the origins of the storm. He then goes back two hundred years to tell how this particular electric grid was built, showing us the sacrifices people made to create the grids that (usually) connect us to one another. Today's power grid, says Doheny-Farina, has become more vulnerable than we realize, as demand begins to outstrip capacity in urban centers around the nation. His book reminds us what those grids mean-both positively and negatively-to our electronically saturated lives.
Where were you when the lights went out? At home during a thunderstorm? During the Great Northeastern Blackout of 1965? In California when rolling blackouts hit in 2000? In 2003, when a cascading ...power failure left fifty million people without electricity? We often remember vividly our time in the dark. In When the Lights Went Out, David Nye views power outages in America from 1935 to the present not simply as technical failures but variously as military tactic, social disruption, crisis in the networked city, outcome of political and economic decisions, sudden encounter with sublimity, and memories enshrined in photographs. Our electrically lit-up life is so natural to us that when the lights go off, the darkness seems abnormal. Nye looks at America's development of its electrical grid, which made large-scale power failures possible and a series of blackouts from military blackouts to the "greenout" (exemplified by the new tradition of "Earth Hour"), a voluntary reduction organized by environmental organizations. Blackouts, writes Nye, are breaks in the flow of social time that reveal much about the trajectory of American history. Each time one occurs, Americans confront their essential condition -- not as isolated individuals, but as a community that increasingly binds itself together with electrical wires and signals.
<p>OFFERS A COMPREHENSIVE INTRODUCTION TO THE ISSUES OF CONTROL OF POWER SYSTEMS DURING CASCADING OUTAGES AND RESTORATION PROCESS <p><i>Power System Control Under Cascading ...Failures</i> offers comprehensive coverage of three major topics related to prevention of cascading power outages in a power transmission grid: modelling and analysis, system separation and power system restoration. The book examines modelling and analysis of cascading failures for reliable and efficient simulation and better understanding of important mechanisms, as well as root causes and propagation patterns of failures and power outages. It also covers controlled system separation to mitigate cascading failures addressing key questions such as where, when and how to separate. The text explores optimal system restoration from cascading power outages and blackouts by well&#45;designed milestones, optimised procedures and emerging techniques. <p>The authors &#151; noted experts in the field &#151; include state&#45;of&#45;the&#45;art methods that are illustrated in detail as well as practical examples that show how to use them to address realistic problems and improve current practices. This important resource: <ul> <li>Contains comprehensive coverage of a focused area of cascading power system outages, addressing modelling and analysis, system separation and power system restoration</li> <li>Offers a description of theoretical models to analyse outages, methods to identify control actions to prevent propagation of outages and restore the system</li> <li>Suggests state&#45;of&#45;the&#45;art methods that are illustrated in detail with hands&#45;on examples that address realistic problems to help improve current practices</li> <li>Includes companion website with samples, codes and examples to support the text</li> </ul> <p>Written for postgraduate students, researchers, specialists, planners and operation engineers from industry, <i>Power System Control Under Cascading Failures</i> contains a review of a focused area of cascading power system outages, addresses modelling and analysis, system separation, and power system restoration
Active Power Line Conditioners: Design, Simulation and Implementation for Improving Power Quality presents a rigorous theoretical and practical approach to active power line conditioners, one of the ...subjects of most interest in the field of power quality. Its broad approach offers a journey that will allow power engineering professionals, researchers, and graduate students to learn more about the latest landmarks on the different APLC configurations for load active compensation. By introducing the issues and equipment needs that arise when correcting the lack of power quality in power grids, this book helps define power terms according to the IEEE Standard 1459. Detailed chapters discuss instantaneous reactive power theory and the theoretical framework that enabled the practical development of APLCs, in both its original and modified formulations, along with other proposals. Different APLCs configurations for load compensation are explored, including shunt APF, series APF, hybrid APF, and shunt combined with series APF, also known as UPQC. The book includes simulation examples carefully developed and ready for download from the book's companion website, along with different case studies where real APLCs have been developed. Finally, the new paradigm brought by the emergence of distribution systems with dispersed generation, such as the use of small power units based on gas technology or renewable energy sources, is discussed in a chapter where mitigation technologies are addressed in a distributed environment. * Combines the development of theories, control strategies, and the most widespread practical implementations of active power line conditioners, along with the most recent new approaches * Details updated and practical content on periodic disturbances mitigation technologies with special emphasis on distributed generation systems * Includes over 28 practical simulation examples in Matlab-Simulink which are available for download at the book's companion website, with 4 reproducible case studies from real APLCs
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