Blockchain based NFTs (non-fungible tokens) and smart contracts provide creative industries with exciting opportunities. While they have created a great deal of frenzy in markets, in the frenzy there ...emerges real value for the industries. Traditionally, creators in the creative industries often need to rely on powerful intermediaries to distribute and profit from their creations. NFT and smart contracts provide creators much closer access to content consumers/buyers. Along this line of thought, this article provides marketing researchers with an overview of the unfolding adoption of NFTs and smart contracts in creative industries. We start by pointing out the market frictions and consequent “transaction costs” that creators face traditionally when distributing their creative content to consumers/buyers. Then, we present the basic ideas of smart contracts and NFTs, discussing how they can transform the market by reducing these transaction costs. Meanwhile, we point out limitations and challenges that creators, buyers, and marketplaces might face in the adoption of NFTs and smart contracts. Finally, we raise an abundance of unexplored research questions interesting to both marketing researchers and practitioners.
In the field of e-healthcare, smart medical sensors are responsible for consistently collecting, transmitting, and communicating real-time data to support immediate decision-making, both within and ...between healthcare organizations. Privacy-preserving authentication is required, even when the sensors roam between different networks. Existing authentication protocols rely on centralized authentication servers and pose a number of challenges, including a single point of failure, performance bottlenecks, scalability challenges, and privacy concerns. Hence, a secure mutual authentication mechanism using Blockchain is essential in preventing attacks. In this paper, an Improved Chain Code Blockchain-based Key Agreement Authentication Mechanism (CCBKAAM) using the merits of SM9-based Secure Threshold Ring Signature (SM9-STRS) is proposed for achieving privacy and security. This proposed mechanism uses multiple key generation-based cipher identification algorithms for parameter maintenance. The integrated threshold ring signature prevents the limitations of the single key generation scheme. It uses Chain Codes over the Ethereum network for constructing the blocks during the process of mutual user authentication with trust equity score-based Improved PBFT Voting protocol for reaching consensus during authentication. This authentication protocol adopted blockchain for the objective of storing the identities and associated parameters to support the entities under communication during the process of authentication. The formal and informal verification of the proposed CCBKAAM confirmed its potentiality in resisting most of the possible attacks the IoMT is vulnerable to. The communication and computation overhead during the implementation are determined to be significantly lowered by 32.19% and 28.94%, better than the compared baseline blockchain-based mutual authentication. The performance analysis proved that this proposed CCBKAAM scheme is also potent in minimizing the storage overhead up to maximized level of 35.42%.
In this paper, we present subgraphs of Ethereum wallets involved in NFT trades of the top 15 ERC721 NFT collections. To obtain the subgraphs, we have extracted the Ethereum transaction graph from a ...live Ethereum node and filtered out exchanges, mining pools, and smart contracts. For each of the selected collections, we identified the set of accounts involved in NFT trading, which we used to perform a breadth-first search in the Ethereum transaction graph to obtain a subgraph. These subgraphs can offer insight into the linkability of accounts participating in NFT trading on the Ethereum blockchain.
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