The use of social media as a recruitment tool for research with humans is increasing, and likely to continue to grow. Despite this, to date there has been no specific regulatory guidance and there ...has been little in the bioethics literature to guide investigators and institutional review boards (IRBs) faced with navigating the ethical issues such use raises. We begin to fill this gap by first defending a nonexceptionalist methodology for assessing social media recruitment; second, examining respect for privacy and investigator transparency as key norms governing social media recruitment; and, finally, analyzing three relatively novel aspects of social media recruitment: (i) the ethical significance of compliance with website "terms of use"; (ii) the ethics of recruiting from the online networks of research participants; and (iii) the ethical implications of online communication from and between participants. Two checklists aimed at guiding investigators and IRBs through the ethical issues are included as appendices.
Prenatal diagnosis, especially noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT), has changed the experience of pregnancy, prenatal care and responsibilities in Israel and Germany in different ways. These ...differences reflect the countries' historical legacies, medico-legal policies, normative and cultural identities. Building on this observation, the contributors of this book present conversations between leading scholars from Israel and Germany based on an empirical bioethical perspective, analyses about the reshaping of 'life' by biomedicine, and philosophical reflections on socio-cultural claims and epistemic horizons of responsibilities. Practices and discussions of reproductive medicine transform the concepts of responsibility and irresponsibility.
Blind spots Bazerman, Max H; Tenbrunsel, Ann E
2011., 20110301, 2011, 2011-03-01, 20110101
eBook
When confronted with an ethical dilemma, most of us like to think we would stand up for our principles. But we are not as ethical as we think we are. In Blind Spots, leading business ethicists Max ...Bazerman and Ann Tenbrunsel examine the ways we overestimate our ability to do what is right and how we act unethically without meaning to. From the collapse of Enron and corruption in the tobacco industry, to sales of the defective Ford Pinto and the downfall of Bernard Madoff, the authors investigate the nature of ethical failures in the business world and beyond, and illustrate how we can become more ethical, bridging the gap between who we are and who we want to be.
Calls are increasing for American health care to be organized as a learning health care system, defined by the Institute of Medicine as a health care system “in which knowledge generation is so ...embedded into the core of the practice of medicine that it is a natural outgrowth and product of the healthcare delivery process and leads to continual improvement in care.” We applaud this conception, and in this paper, we put forward a new ethics framework for it. No such framework has previously been articulated. The goals of our framework are twofold: to support the transformation to a learning health care system and to help ensure that learning activities carried out within such a system are conducted in an ethically acceptable fashion.
“Vulnerability” is a key concept for research ethics and public health ethics. This term can be discussed from either a conceptual or a practical perspective. I previously proposed the metaphor of ...layers to understand how this concept functions from the conceptual perspective in human research. In this paper I will clarify how my analysis includes other definitions of vulnerability. Then, I will take the practical‐ethical perspective, rejecting the usefulness of taxonomies to analyze vulnerabilities. My proposal specifies two steps and provides a procedural guide to help rank layers. I introduce the notion of cascade vulnerability and outline the dispositional nature of layers of vulnerability to underscore the importance of identifying their stimulus condition. In addition, I identify three kinds of obligations and some strategies to implement them.
This strategy outlines the normative force of harmful layers of vulnerability. It offers concrete guidance. It contributes substantial content to the practical sphere but it does not simplify or idealize research subjects, research context or public health challenges.
In nine lively essays, bioethicist J. David Velleman challenges the prevailing consensus about assisted suicide and reproductive technology, articulating an original approach to the ethics of ...creating and ending human lives. He argues that assistance in dying is appropriate only at the point where talk of suicide is not, and he raises moral objections to anonymous donor conception. In their place, Velleman champions a morality of valuing personhood over happiness in making end-of-life decisions, and respecting the personhood of future children in making decisions about procreation. These controversial views are defended with philosophical rigor while remaining accessible to the general reader. Written over Velleman's 30 years of undergraduate teaching in bioethics, the essays have never before been collected and made available to a non-academic audience. They will open new lines of debate on issues of intense public interest.
Mental Health Ethics Barker, Phil
2011, 20101109, 2010, 2014-05-14, 2010-11-09
eBook
All human behaviour is, ultimately, a moral undertaking, in which each situation must be considered on its own merits. As a result ethical conduct is complex. Despite the proliferation of Codes of ...Conduct and other forms of professional guidance, there are no easy answers to most human problems. Mental Health Ethics encourages readers to heighten their awareness of the key ethical dilemmas found in mainstream contemporary mental health practice.
This text provides an overview of traditional and contemporary ethical perspectives and critically examines a range of ethical and moral challenges present in contemporary ‘psychiatric-mental’ health services. Offering a comprehensive and interdisciplinary perspective, it includes six parts, each with their own introduction, summary and set of ethical challenges, covering:
fundamental ethical principles;
legal issues;
specific challenges for different professional groups;
working with different service user groups;
models of care and treatment;
recovery and human rights perspectives.
Providing detailed consideration of issues and dilemmas, Mental Health Ethics helps all mental health professionals keep people at the centre of the services they offer.
Section 1: Ethics and Mental Health 1. Ethics: In Search of the Good Life Phil Barker 2. The Keystone of Psychiatric Ethics Phil Barker 3. Who Cares Any More, Anyway? Phil Barker Section 2: The Professional Context 4. The Psychiatrist Duncan Double 5. The Mental Health Nurse Tony Warne, Sue McAndrew and Dawn Gawthorpe 6. The Social Worker Shula Ramon 7. The Clinical Psychologist Lucy Johnstone 8. The Therapist Phil Barker 9. The Occupational Therapist Lesley Brady 10. The Chaplain Kevin Franz Section 3: Care and Treatment 11. Psychiatric Diagnosis Phil Barker 12. Professional Relationships Vince Mitchell 13. Restraint Brodie Patterson 14. ECT and Consent Phil Barker 15. Medication Austyn Snowden Section 4: The Human Context 16. Acute care Jan Horsfall, Michelle Cleary, Glenn E Hunt and Garry Walter 17. Forensic Care Tom Mason 18. Addictions Jeffrey Schaler 19. Younger people in mental health care Tim McDougall 20. Older people in mental health care Elizabeth Collier and Natali Yates-Bolton 21. Race and culture Suman Fernando 22. Suicide John Cutcliffe and Paul Links Section 5: Legal Issues 23. Mental Health Law in England and Wales Tony Warne and Sue McAndrew 24. Mental Health Law in Ireland Denis Ryan and Agnes Higgins 25. Mental Health Law in Scotland Robert Davidson 26. Advance Directives Jacqueline Atkinson 27. The Insanity Defence and Diminished Responsibility Tom Mason Section 6: Ideologal Issues 28. Talk about Recovery Poppy Buchanan-Barker 29. Illusion, Individuality and Autonomy Craig Newnes 30. Ethics - The Elephant in the Room Phil Barker
Phil Barker is a psychotherapist in private practice and a Director of Clan Unity International, a mental health recovery consultancy. He is also Honorary Professor in the Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Dundee, UK.
‘I was personally fairly familiar with and committed to the underlying thesis and found much that resonated with my values. That is, the essence of ethical practice is a lot about values, but values demonstrated rather than merely espoused. After reading this text, I felt better able to articulate the issues and found myself recommending it (or particular chapters) to students. It deserves a wide readership, as it will surely assist people to develop ethical sensitivity and importantly to ponder the important questions that confront anyone working within mental health services.’ – Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing
'Well written, accessible and thought provoking...if you are undertaking any study that stimulates discussion around the working practices of your profession, a great deal of what it contains will be relevant despite the mental health emphasis.' – MIDIRS 'Represents a considerable addition to the literature in this field.' – Nursing Ethics
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