Este artículo busca deshilvanar por medio de la experiencia de Levi, aquellas categorías históricas que nos permiten una mayor comprensión del fenómeno concentracionario a través del análisis ...histórico de las categorías históricas clasificadas en la estructura del relato, la coyuntura, el tiempo y el espacio como factores claves en su relato. The concentration and extermination camps, expanded throughout Europe, were transformed into veritable factories of death and dehumanization. The historiography has tried to study this phenomenon from different angles, models and paradigms, without achieving a consensus in the face of the horror of the twentieth century. Through Levi's experience, this article seeks to unravel those historical categories that allow us a greater understanding of the concentrationist phenomenon through the historical analysis of the historical categories classified in the structure of the story, the conjuncture, time and space as central factors in his narrative.
Research summary: We explore captain-ownership and vessel performance in eighteenth-century transatlantic shipping. Although contingent compensation often aligned incentives between captains and ...shipowners, one difficult-to-contract hazard was threat of capture during wartime. We exploit variation across time and routes to study the relationship between capture threat and captain-ownership. Vessels were more likely to have captain-owners when undertaking wartime voyages on routes susceptible to privateers. Captain-owned vessels were less readily captured than those with nonowner captains, but more likely to forgo voyage profits to preserve the vessel's safety. These results are consistent with multitask agency, where residual claims to asset value rather than control rights influence captain behavior. This article is among the first to empirically isolate mechanisms distinguishing among major strands of organizational economics regarding asset ownership and performance. Managerial summary: Organizations face an enduring challenge: Owners hire an executive to act on their behalf, but it is difficult to ensure that the executive indeed acts in their interests. In this study, we exploit a useful historical context--eighteenth-century transatlantic shipping from Liverpool--to explore the cause and effect of a captain's becoming part-owner of his vessel. Captains became part-owners for voyages likely to encounter enemy privateers. Captain-owners were less likely to be captured, but were more willing to forgo cargo profits to preserve the vessel's safety. Our results provide a useful analogy to modern firm owners who must determine whether to award equity to executives, and to managers who must determine whether to provide assets to employees or rely on employee self-provision of assets (e.g., tools for tradespeople). Copyright John Wiley & Sons. Reproduced with permission. An electronic version of this article is available online at http://www.interscience.wiley.com
The concept of energy justice is increasingly adopted by policymakers and scholars. We argue that, although the use of the concept is new, normative interpretations of what is just have been part and ...parcel of energy policy as dynamic conceptions, changing to reflect the socio-cultural and socio-technical transitions of their time. To show this dynamic nature of justice conceptions, we analysed 13 key policy documents outlining the course of energy policy in the Netherlands in the period 1974 to 2022. Our analysis identified four periods in which different justice conceptions were dominant. We found that justice conceptions broadened over time and changed in the relative importance of certain aspects of justice: from primarily being regarded as a distributive concern to including and emphasising procedural and recognition justice. Our analysis shows that conceptions of justice are spatially and time sensitive, continuously being re-interpreted and re-enacted. Based on this insight, we propose for energy justice scholarship to view justice more as a highly contingent and spatially and time sensitive concept. This understanding asks of policymakers to engage in continuous, representative dialogue with societal actors to share heterogeneous conceptions of justice, using participatory processes open to a societal redefinition of priorities.
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•Regards energy justice as a dynamic concept that is continuously re-interpreted.•Studies evolution in justice conceptions in Dutch energy policy from 1974 to 2022.•Calls for an inductive, flexible approach to understanding and analysing justice.•Advises policymakers to have continuous dialogue on what energy justice means.
This study focuses on luxury, an intrinsic part of civilized society that historically reveals insights regarding the societal norms and mores. The perception of luxury is in a continuing state of ...flux due to the changing of many aspects of the economic market. This study takes a critical view on the transformations of luxury through the ages, examining the perception of luxury through historical, philosophical, and anthropological lenses. While the current views frequently equate luxury with the desire for the superfluous, driven by luxury brands and endorsed by celebrities, luxury has not always had that role in society. The study here contributes to the body of knowledge by providing a frame for understanding the transformation of luxury from being-to-having and owning, and to consumers' search for meaningfulness again via shifting from having-to-being and from owning-to-experiencing.
The Geometry of Culture Kozlowski, Austin C.; Taddy, Matt; Evans, James A.
American sociological review,
10/2019, Volume:
84, Issue:
5
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
We argue word embedding models are a useful tool for the study of culture using a historical analysis of shared understandings of social class as an empirical case. Word embeddings represent semantic ...relations between words as relationships between vectors in a highdimensional space, specifying a relational model of meaning consistent with contemporary theories of culture. Dimensions induced by word differences (rich–poor) in these spaces correspond to dimensions of cultural meaning, and the projection of words onto these dimensions reflects widely shared associations, which we validate with surveys. Analyzing text from millions of books published over 100 years, we show that the markers of class continuously shifted amidst the economic transformations of the twentieth century, yet the basic cultural dimensions of class remained remarkably stable. The notable exception is education, which became tightly linked to affluence independent of its association with cultivated taste.
Kotzeva explores the social lives of several historical maps of Nagorno Karabakh, which incorporate the region into the territory of the country that claims it. Maps of the disputed region in these ...cases preserve historical moments and tell stories of the particular events that shape these boundaries, but most importantly they serve specific cultural and social purposes in relation to the material place they are depicting. They present the way the land is remembered and celebrated as an inseparable part of the respective culture and their national identity and thus prolong the life of this memory into the present. Her analysis of Nagorno Karabakh maps requires at least a brief description of the complex historical events that have led to the contemporary cartographic representations of the region.
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