Rationale: Adolescents today use social media applications extensively and research demonstrates that peers in social media settings can influence adolescents regarding their food intake. These newly ...emerged channels also offer unique possibilities to observe adolescents’ dietary communication.
Objective: This study aimed to explore how adolescents communicate food images in a widely used social media image-sharing application, Instagram.
Methods: To find adolescent Instagram users we searched for images appended with the hashtag #14år (Swedish for “14 years”). The hashtag had been applied to 3479 images as of March 2014. However, as users change their privacy settings, delete their accounts, or change their user names, 1358 images were not retrievable. Users sometimes also applied the hashtag to several images, and we excluded accounts that we judged did not belong to adolescents (based on written and visual profile information); 1001 unique Instagram users’ photo streams were thus eligible for analysis. Content analysis was used to identify food items and categorize these based on types of food and how the food items were presented.
Results: Most of the adolescent users (85 %) shared images containing food items. A majority of the images (67.7%) depicted foods high in calories but low in nutrients. Almost half of these images were arranged as a still life with food brand names clearly exposed. Many of these images were influenced by major food marketing campaigns. Fruits and vegetables only occurred in 21.8% of all images. This food group was frequently portrayed zoomed in with focus solely on the food, with a hashtag or caption expressing palatability. These images were often presented in the style of a cook book.
Conclusions: Food was presented in varied ways. Adolescents themselves produced images copying food advertisements. This has clear health promotion implications since it becomes more challenging to monitor and tackle exposure to marketing of unhealthy foods to young people in these popular online networks because images are part of a lifestyle that the young people want to promote. Shared images contain personal recommendations, which mean that they may have a more powerful effect than commercial food advertising.
Acknowledgements: This study was supported by grants from Formas - The Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (grant number 259-2012-38). We would also like to affirm our respect for Instagram users and their publically shared images which made it possible for us to conduct this research.
In contemporary journalism, there is a need for better conceptualizing the changing nature of human actors, nonhuman technological actants, and diverse representations of audiences—and the activities ...of news production, distribution, and interpretation through which actors, actants, and audiences are inter-related. This article explicates each of these elements—the Four A’s—in the context of cross-media news work, a perspective that lends equal emphasis to editorial, business, and technology as key sites for studying the organizational influences shaping journalism. We argue for developing a sociotechnical emphasis for the study of institutional news production: a holistic framework through which to make sense of and conduct research about the full range of actors, actants, and audiences engaged in cross-media news work activities. This emphasis addresses two shortcomings in the journalism studies literature: a relative neglect about (1) the interplay of humans and technology, or manual and computational modes of orientation and operation, and (2) the interplay of editorial, business, and technology in news organizations. This article’s ultimate contribution is a cross-media news work matrix that illustrates the interconnections among the Four A’s and reveals where opportunities remain for empirical study.
Starenje populacije na globalnoj razini zaokuplja pažnju brojnih profesija, a ključni
je razlog povećanje udjela starih osoba. Demografski podatci ukazuju na trend
daljnjega rasta. Postojeće i ...nadolazeće generacije starih pod utjecajem su brojnih
promjena koje imaju neposredni utjecaj na način i kvalitetu njihova života. Ove su
promjene povezane s biološkim i psihološkim čimbenicima događaju u kontekstu
postojećega i promjenjivoga odnosa društva prema starosti i starenju. Mnogim
se promjenama ljudi ne mogu oduprijeti ili ih zaustaviti jer nisu pod utjecajem
njihove volje, ali im se mogu prilagoditi i prema tim promjenama zauzeti stajalište.
Od nadolazećih starih očekuje se da perspektivu tradicionalno ranjive i ovisne
skupine, koristeći sva znanstvena, stručna i tehnološka dostignuća, promijene u
perspektivu aktivnih sudionika koji društvo u kojemu žive mijenjaju i obogaćuju.
Potencijal za prilagodbu, aktivno i uspješno starenje počiva na mogućnostima
cjeloživotnoga učenja. Suvremenim su tehnologijama, a posebno upotrebom IKT-a,
u kombinaciji s potrebama i motivacijom starih moguće prilagodbe u odnosu na
oblik, način, vrijeme i mjesto učenja. Cjeloživotno se učenje dovodi u korelacije s
procjenom subjektivne dobrobiti starih i općenito s kvalitetom života i starenja.
Prerequisites and conditions for forming the Russian infocommunication complex are shown; its current status is examined; and its potential until 2010 is estimated. The focus is on developing a set ...of organizational and economic measures aimed at improving government policies and removing barriers to realizing the available ICC potential.PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
V prispevku bomo obravnavali problematiko osipa v programih e-izobraževanja. Zagovorniki e-izobraževanja poudar- jajo več prednosti tega izobraževanja v primerjavi s klasičnim, na primer večjo ...odprtost, raznolikost učnega gradiva, prilagajanje načina in hitrosti učenja ipd. Kljub tem prednostim in naraščanju števila programov ter vključitvi e-izobraževanja v nacionalne strategije po vsem svetu pa se izvajalci e-izobraževanja srečujejo tudi s problematiko osipa. Raziskave namreč kažejo, da je osip v izobraževalnih programih, ki se izvajajo v e-obliki, večji kot v klasičnih programih. Razloge, ki vplivajo na ta osip, pa je treba upoštevati pri načrtovanju in izpeljavi e-izobraževalnih programov.
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