The study develops and presents a concept of Virtual Internationalization (VI) in higher education, which refers to internationalization implemented using information and communications technology ...(ICT). VI is contextualized with the inclusiveness of international experiences and with external challenges to internationalization (posed, for example, by the Covid-19 pandemic). Conceived as an institution-spanning concept, VI is developed from the ACE-CIGE model of Comprehensive Internationalization. It is inferred from actual practice based on a content analysis of conference abstracts from relevant fields, employing coding and computer-assisted text analysis (CATA). Based on the findings, the VI concept includes strategies and articulated institutional commitment as a transversal category and online and distance education (ODE) as an additional category in contrast to the concept of Comprehensive Internationalization. This research furthermore considers two dimensions of VI: one that is directly internationalization-related and the other concerned with broader aims of the combination of the virtual and the international. It concludes with a perspective on a “new normal” of hybrid internationalization in higher education.
Using an Uppsala internationalization framework, informed by upper echelons theory and institutional theory, we investigate the factors associated with a firm’s adoption of Sustainable Development ...Goals (SDGs) activities and their performance implications. For the period 2010 to 2020, from a dataset of 2,744 Chinese firms, we find that international experience at the top management team (TMT) and firm levels has a positive effect on firm’s commitment to SDGs. TMT international experience is significantly related to all three types of SDG-related activities considered, but the results vary for the depth and breadth of firm internationalization activities. The organizational level SDG regarding innovation has a significant and positive effect on financial performance, but the performance effect is not significant for societal SDGs and other organizational SDGs, and significantly negative for environmental SDGs. Non-market behaviors, alongside market behaviors can be accommodated within an Uppsala internationalization approach, broadening its application, and confirming its contemporaneity in our modern world.
•Top management team international experience has a positive impact on firm’s commitment to SDGs•The depth and breadth of firm internationalization have a positive relationship with a firm’s adoption of SDGs•The performance implication of involving in SDG-related activities can be positive, negative or not significant•Non-market considerations should be incorporated into the Uppsala approach
Colleges and universities are increasingly internationalizing their curricular and cocurricular efforts on campuses; subsequently, it is important to compare whether internationalization at home ...activities may be associated with students' self-reported development of global, international, and intercultural (GII) competencies. This study examined undergraduate students' participation in study abroad and on-campus global/international activities within nine large public research universities in the United States. Framed within several intercultural development theories, the results of this study suggest that students' participation in activities related to internationalization at home - participation in on-campus global/international activities such as enrollment in global/international coursework, interactions with international students, and participation in global/international cocurricular activities - may yield greater perceived benefits than study abroad for students' development of GII competencies. (HoF/text adopted).
The dramatic expansion of the international dimension in higher education has incited broadened and diverse interpretations of internationalization. As faculty members are integral in achieving many ...expected higher education goals, understanding their perspectives on the internationalization process is critical. Administrative leaders also play a vital role in influencing the conditions of internationalization and working alongside the faculty. Addressing the rationales, strategies, and barriers encountered, our study seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of faculty internationalization. Employing a phenomenological design, we interviewed 22 participants, including central administrators of two public research universities and both faculty and administrative leaders of these universities’ colleges of education. Revealing diverse rationales, strategies, and barriers, our findings confirm faculty’s initiator and maintainer roles in operationalizing internationalization. Our study also corroborates the need for sustainable mechanisms and a consensus between faculty perspectives and institutional priorities. Recommendations are made to improve faculty engagement in internationalization.
Internationalization is a complex process that is neither always forward moving nor monotonic. Firms often reduce the depth and scope of their international footprint or even completely withdraw from ...foreign markets. Although scholars have recognized that there are cycles of de-internationalization and re-internationalization (and increasingly pressures for back-shoring), the antecedents and motivators for these internationalization pathways have received limited attention. In this study, we first review prior explanations as to why firm behaviour exhibits cycles of de-internationalization and re-internationalization. We then formulate an integrative framework and propose a comprehensive agenda for future research aimed at advancing internationalization theory.
The 86thAnnual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulation Society was held in a web-based format on March 11–13, 2022. In accordance with the internationalization policy of the JCS, the meeting ...was held with the Asian Pacific Society of Cardiology Congress 2022. The main theme was “Cardiology Spreading its Wings”. The number of patients with heart failure and other cardiovascular diseases is increasing dramatically, and the fields dealt with by cardiovascular medicine are also greatly expanding. This conference was both intellectually satisfying and exciting for all participants, who numbered over 14,900. The meeting was completed with great success, and the enormous amount of cooperation and support from all involved was greatly appreciated.
Research on research and development (R&D) internationalization appears in several disciplines, with significant contributions in innovation, international business, management, and strategy ...research. Although the phenomenon is widely used in both research and practice, the impact of this concept on innovation is still not clear due to the multi-disciplinary nature of this relationship. This research gap is the motivation for the present study. Through a systematic review of 42 articles on R&D internationalization appearing in publication outlets for more than two decades, this paper examines the impact of R&D internationalization on innovation within the firm's boundaries. Based on this analysis, we map extant literature on the topic and we present an integrative framework of this relationship for future scholars to further build on, and executives to be guided by.
► This paper examines the effects of the family ownership with respect to the processes of firm internationalization. ► Firms opted for a rapid pace, a narrow scope, and an irregular rhythm of ...internationalization when they were high level of the family ownership. ► This research enriches the research that links family ownership and international business.
This paper examines the effects of the family ownership with respect to the processes of firm internationalization: internationalization pace, internationalization scope, and internationalization rhythm. Using longitudinal data (2000–2008) from 772 publicly listed firms in Taiwan, I find that firms opted for a (1) rapid pace, (2) a narrow scope, and (3) an irregular rhythm of internationalization when they were high level of the family ownership. These findings highlight that the family ownership has the significant influences on a firm’s internationalization processes. This research enriches the research that links family ownership and international business. The implications of these findings for future research are discussed.
I study the multinationalization — the decision to establish foreign direct investment (FDI) — of developing country firms, in particular Latin American ones or “Multilatinas”. Despite a long ...exporting tradition, many firms in Latin America have only recently become multinational enterprises (MNEs). The analysis of case studies reveals three insights. First, Multilatinas take a long time to become MNEs, reflecting the additional challenges and need for sophisticated advantages for establishing FDI. Second, Multilatinas are induced to become MNEs after changes in the home country that follow structural reform induce them to upgrade their competitiveness to international levels. As a result, they can overcome the difficulties of establishing FDI and become MNEs. Third, Multilatinas follow four strategies in their selection of the country where to establish FDI first depending on the interplay between difficulties and advantages of operating abroad. These three arguments build on and link the notion of advantages of internationalization put forward by the eclectic paradigm of international production and the idea of difficulties in internationalization presented by the incremental internationalization model. The strategies are explained by the balancing of the ease of overcoming difficulties and the advantages derived from foreign operations.
This paper analytically and graphically examines the Uppsala model's risk formula (
Johanson & Vahlne, 1977) in its two variables: commitment and uncertainty. The graphical treatment of the variables ...demonstrates the internationalization mechanism's consistency with the risk formula. In particular, commitment manipulation develops a risk management perspective to the model, wherein contingent uncertainty is a central concept. The main contribution consists in the composition of a set of hypotheses on the effects of risk contingencies on a firm's commitment behavior in different internationalization phases. A pertinent remark that emerges from this analytical exercise is the Uppsala model's contingent nature, which explains the differences in the pattern and pace of the internationalization process, as well as potential leapfrogging and market-exit moves.
