Laminated Segment Timber (LST) consists of mutually glued trapezoidal lamellas made of Spruce. Due to the optimization of process parameters the wood yield can be increased to an average of 85 %. LST ...and layered LST are regulated in ETA-19/0832. Simulation studies deal with the characteristic bending strength at variing member depth and height as well as modifications in the production process.
This book examines the professional life of Rudolf Greifeld, who was a managing director from 1956 to 1974 at the Karlsruhe Nuclear Research Center. Main topics are his role in National Socialism and ...the allegations against him risen in the 1970s. The survey also includes Greifeld's colleagues in the management of the center, whose careers in National Socialism had progressed much further and in some cases had led to much stronger entanglements.
Ein Jahrhundert MPA Karlsruhe Dehn, Frank; Herrmann, Nico
Beton- und Stahlbetonbau,
October 2020, Volume:
115
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Die Materialprüfungs‐ und Forschungsanstalt (MPA Karlsruhe) ist mit ihren Themen aus der Bauforschung und ‐entwicklung ein wichtiger Bestandteil des Karlsruher Instituts für Technologie – Die ...Forschungsuniversität in der Helmholtz‐Gemeinschaft (KIT). Dies gilt nicht nur – aber vor allem – im Hinblick auf den Wissenstransfer von Forschungserkenntnissen in die Gesellschaft. Bedenkt man, dass der Nukleus der damaligen Polytechnischen Schule in Karlsruhe bei ihrer Gründung im Jahre 1825 das Bauwesen war, verwundert es nicht, dass an den Nachfolgeinstitutionen und dem heutigen KIT eine der traditionsreichsten Prüfanstalten für das Bauwesen in Deutschland angesiedelt ist. Seit nunmehr 100 Jahren steht die MPA Karlsruhe für wichtige Beiträge zur Entwicklung neuer Baustoffe und Bauweisen. Neben ihren Leistungen in Forschung und Innovation trägt sie außerdem zur forschungsorientierten Lehre für einen hohen Praxis‐ und Anwendungsbezug im Studium bei. Im Folgenden soll ein kurzer Abriss über die Geschichte der MPA Karlsruhe gegeben, die Gegenwart beleuchtet und ein Blick in die Zukunft des Hauses geworfen werden.
One century MPA Karlsruhe
The Materials Testing and Research Institute, MPA Karlsruhe, with topics in the field of civil engineering research and construction materials development is an essential part of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology – The Research University in the Helmholtz Association (KIT).This does not only apply to the transfer of research results to the companies, but it is one of the main aspects. As civil engineering was the nucleus of the Polytechnical School founded 1825 in Karlsruhe, it is no surprise that KIT has a testing institution having one of the longest traditions in Germany. For now 100 Years MPA Karlsruhe has developed new building techniques and construction materials. Apart from research and innovation, MPA Karlsruhe also contributes to research‐oriented teaching for a high practical and application relevance in higher education. The following gives a short overview on the history and the present technical capabilities of MPA Karlsruhe.
Experimental values for the viscosity of the radioactive hydrogen isotope tritium (T
2
) are currently unavailable in literature. The value of this material property over a wide temperature range is ...of interest for applications in the fields of fusion and neutrino physics, as well as to test ab initio calculations. As a radioactive gas, tritium requires a careful experiment design to ensure safe and environmental contamination-free measurements. In this contribution, we present a spinning rotor gauge-based tritium-compatible design of a gas viscosity measurement apparatus, or ViMA, capable of covering the temperature range from 80 to 300 K.
The Sieverts’ constant of tritium in eutectic lithium-lead (PbLi) is of high importance for future fusion applications, where PbLi is one option for the breeding of tritium in the breeding blanket. ...Currently, literature reports Sieverts’ constant measurements with a spread of more than two orders of magnitude for eutectic PbLi. Additionally, there is only little data available for measurements actually using tritium, but mostly extrapolations from hydrogen or deuterium. With the setup presented in this publication, we try to address the lack of available tritium data for the Sieverts’ constant of eutectic PbLi as well as aiming for a robust and reliable measurement of all necessary parameters, including a cleaning procedure. This is paramount for the selection of promising breeding blanket technologies.
In future fusion or fission reactors, tritium permeation may present a serious challenge. In order to separate the water steam cycle from gas streams containing significant amounts of tritium, a ...permeation barrier is necessary. Tritium permeation into the environment through steam generators and heat exchangers can be a significant hazard regarding radiation and environmental safety. In the scope of the project TRANSversal Actions for Tritium (TRANSAT), a facility has been set up to perform tests on various scaled and functioning permeation barrier mock-ups at the Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe (TLK). The facility was built in a standard glove-box unit in accordance to the technical terms and requirements of tritium handling at TLK. The behavior of an active permeation barrier was investigated. Within the first series of TRANSAT experiments, four different mock-ups have been tested for tritium permeation. Migrated tritium is oxidized to tritiated water (HTO) using Carulite reactors and molecular sieves for HTO trapping. This paper will present the construction, setup, and commissioning of the facility as well as the first series of TRANSAT experiments including their evaluation.
The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment measures the tritium β-spectrum close to the maximum decay energy to achieve the value of the electron-antineutrino mass with a sensitivity of ...0.2 eV/c2 (90% confidence level). Since only a small fraction of the decay electrons carries nearly all the energy, a high luminous tritium source, with its supporting infrastructure facilities, is necessary.
Since the start of the tritium operation of KATRIN back in May 2018, more than 600 days of 24/7 measuring campaigns with a total tritium throughput of ≈18.1 kg and a tritium concentration >95% have been conducted. Despite several technical issues occurring during the run time, the necessary reliable supply of tritium was provided. This contribution will give an overview of the current operational conditions of the Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe tritium facilities involved, as well as the relevant technical, analytical, and administrative procedures implemented. Furthermore, an analysis will be given for system and component malfunctions in the tritium loop as well as the associated actions for problem-solving and repair. In addition, an end-of-life investigation for the component failure will be presented.
The exact aerosols interaction with cloud and precipitable water remains a good area of scientific interest, but remained poorly represented. In using aerosol optical depth (AOD) data from Moderate ...Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) as a satellite-based and Aeronet Robotic Network (AERONET) as ground-based station to estimate this interaction is very essential. However, the seasonal variation of aerosols and its inter-hemispheric approach has presented more clearly this idea. In this study, an adequate data extraction and management has been placed to determine AODs data gaps and have examined MODIS and AERONET AODs with cloud fraction and precipitable water over Karlsruhe (49.093N, 8.428E) located in Germany (Northern hemisphere) and Skukuza (24.992S, 31.587E) located in South Africa (Southern hemisphere) from the period between 2005 and 2019. An estimated relative bias error values of both AODs data was validated by correlating the results and performing the mean and standard deviation (S.D) analyses. In order to conclude error in AOD values, root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) were performed. Furthermore, to provide knowledge of major aerosols contributor over both hemispheres, estimation of jet winds to see the zonal and meridional impacts through 7 day kinematic back trajectories at various initial pressures was performed. Additionally, estimated dust surface mass concentrations over both hemispheres using Dust Surface Mass Concentration layer from the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2). The result showed 93.76% and 90.89% AOD data falls within expected values over Karlsruhe and Skukuza with corresponding RMSE and MAE of 0.06 ± 0.81 and 0.04 ± 0.58. Also, the monsoon season showed more agreement at southern hemisphere, with mean and S.D of 0.42 ± 0.41. It is therefore concluded that MODIS AOD performance with cloud and precipitable is deeply dependent on geographic terrain. Hence, AERONET AOD gives precise measurement and should be used to validate satellite retrievals of aerosol optical depth.
•Microphysical cloud and precipitable water relationships with aerosols has been studied.•Hemispheric seasonal variations in AERONET AOD and MODIS AOD was collocated.•Seasonal cycle presents precise estimation of AODs interactions with CF and PW.•MODIS performance is geographic terrain dependent and interpolation desirable for precise results.
Experimental values for the viscosity of the radioactive hydrogen isotope tritium (T2) are currently unavailable in literature. The value of this material property over a wide temperature range is of ...interest for applications in the field of fusion, neutrino physics, as well as to test ab initio calculations. To measure the viscosity of tritium, a measurement setup has been built utilizing a spinning rotor gauge inside a Dewar. Temperature control is of high importance to produce accurate and precise values. To ensure high quality measurement results, prior to the tritium measurements, thermal simulations are done on measurements with protium and deuterium inside the sample gas volume of the spinning rotor gauge.
•SRG viscosity measurements.•Thermal simulation to improve accuracy of the measurements.•Investigations for final measurements of the tritium viscosity in the zero density limit.
