Nakon uvodnih napomena o informacijsko-telekomunikacijskoj tehnologiji koja je stvorila potpuno novi, specifičan, kibernetički prostor unutar kojeg pojedinci poduzimaju brojne i vrlo različite ...aktivnosti, u radu se analizira jedan od najčešćih oblika računalnog kriminala čiji je broj u stalnom porastu – kazneno djelo računalne prijevare iz čl. 271. Kaznenog zakona. Kako bi učinkovito odgovorio novim izazovima, zakonodavac je modalitete počinjenja ovog kaznenog djela postavio veoma široko, što je otvorilo pitanje njegova odnosa s drugim kaznenim djelima. Stoga se u radu, osim aktualne zakonske regulative, razmatra i pitanje stjecaja kaznenog djela računalne prijevare i drugih kaznenih djela. Posebno se ukazuje na vrlo raširenu uporabu zlonamjernih programa koji se koriste kao sredstva za prikupljanje računalnih podataka, što nameće potrebu za konstantnom edukacijom o sigurnim načinima korištenja suvremenom tehnologijom. Uočen problem konstantnog rasta prijava kaznenog djela računalne prijevare i iznimno visokog udjela nepoznatih počinitelja među njima, traži sustavno i cjelovito unapređenje mjera za njihovo otkivanje te naglašava potrebu za interdisciplinarnim znanjem kao nužnim uvjetom za uspješnu borbu protiv ovog oblika kriminaliteta.
Following the introductory remarks about information and telecommunication technology, which has created a fully new and specific cyberspace within which individuals undertake numerous and diverse activities, the paper analyzes one of the most common forms of computer crime, whose number is continuously increasing – the criminal offense of computer fraud under Article 271 of the Criminal Code. In order to effectively respond to the new challenges, the legislator has set the modalities of committing this criminal offense very broadly, which raises the question of its relationship with other criminal offenses. Therefore, in addition to the current legal regulation, the paper also considers the issue of the concurrence of the criminal offense of computer fraud with other criminal offenses. The paper particularly points to the highly widespread use of malicious software as a means of collecting computer data, which imposes the need for constant education on the safe ways of using modern technology. The observed problem of the constant increase in the number of reports of the criminal offense of computer fraud and the extremely high proportion of their unknown perpetrators calls for a systematic and comprehensive improvement of measures needed for their identification, and it emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary knowledge as a necessary condition for a successful fight against this form of crime.
Penelitian tentang disparitas pidana dalam putusan hakim terhadap tindak pidana psikotropika di Pengadilan Negeri Sleman ini menunjukkan bahwa di dalam praktik disparitas pidana dalam pengenaan ...sanksi pidana terhadap pelaku tindak pidana psikotropika memang terjadi. Penyebab terjadinya disparitas pidana terhadap tindak pidana psikotropika bersumber pada berbagai hal yakni: dari diri hakim, dari hukumnya sendiri, serta karakteristik kasus yang bersangkutan. Upaya meminimalisir disparitas pidana dapat dilakukan dengan mengefektifkan fungsi majelis hakim dengan menggunakan semua potensi yang ada pada diri hakim sendiri atau dapat dilakukan dengan mengadakan pelatihan yang diikuti oleh semua subsistem peradilan pidana agar memiliki persamaan visi dan misi terhadap peradilan pidana. Selain itu dapat digunakan suatu pendekatan dengan menciptakan pedoman pemberian pidana, meningkatkan peranan pengadilan banding, seleksi dan latihan para hakim, khususnya di Pengadilan Negeri untuk konsistensi kebijakan pemidanaan.
Penelitian tentang disparitas pidana dalam putusan hakim terhadap tindak pidana psikotropika di Pengadilan Negeri Sleman ini menunjukkan bahwa di dalam praktik disparitas pidana dalam pengenaan ...sanksi pidana terhadap pelaku tindak pidana psikotropika memang terjadi. Penyebab terjadinya disparitas pidana terhadap tindak pidana psikotropika bersumber pada berbagai hal yakni: dari diri hakim, dari hukumnya sendiri, serta karakteristik kasus yang bersangkutan. Upaya meminimalisir disparitas pidana dapat dilakukan dengan mengefektifkan fungsi majelis hakim dengan menggunakan semua potensi yang ada pada diri hakim sendiri atau dapat dilakukan dengan mengadakan pelatihan yang diikuti oleh semua subsistem peradilan pidana agar memiliki persamaan visi dan misi terhadap peradilan pidana. Selain itu dapat digunakan suatu pendekatan dengan menciptakan pedoman pemberian pidana, meningkatkan peranan pengadilan banding, seleksi dan latihan para hakim, khususnya di Pengadilan Negeri untuk konsistensi kebijakan pemidanaan.
Pemalsuan adalah suatu kejahatan yang sering terjadi di masyarakat. Pemalsuan surat, dilakukan untuk kepentingan pelaku. Akselerasi teknologi informasi yang didukung dengan kemampuan intelektual ...pelaku menyebabkan tindak pidana ini semakin mudah dilakukan. Pasal 263 KUHP mengamanatkan bahwa salah satu unsur dari tindak pidana ini adalah “dapat menimbulkan kerugian.” Perdebatan mengenai definisi kerugian masih sering terjadi, mayoritas penegak hukum masih memandang bahwa kerugian hanya menyangkut masalah material saja. Dalam penelitian ini akan dianalisis dua isu yakni kebijakan kriminal tindak pidana pemalsuan dalam hukum positif dan pembuktian kerugian dalam tindak pidana pemalsuan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian yuridis normatif. Bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder dikumpulkan melalui studi kepustakaan. Bahan hukum dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik deskripsi, teknik interpretasi dan teknik argumentasi. Kebijakan kriminal tindak pidana pemalsuan dalam hukum positif diatur dalam Buku II KUHP yakni Pasal 263 KUHP. Kebijakan kriminal dari pemalsuan surat meliputi tahap yudisial dan tahap aplikatif (penegak hukum). Pembuktian pemalsuan dilakukan untuk menegakkan kebenaran dan melindungi kepentingan korban. “Kerugian” meliputi kerugian materiil dan kerugian immaterial (kerugian di lapangan masyarakat, kesusilaan, kehormatan, dan sebagainya).
Organizirani kriminal predstavlja aktualan sigurnosni rizik u posthladnoratovskom europskom
sigurnosnom okruženju te kao šira društvena devijacija predstavlja izazov sigurnosno-
-obavještajnim i ...policijskim službama, tijelima sastavnicama nacionalne sigurnosti svake države
koja, u kooperativnosti i koordinaciji s partnerskim službama, rade na prevenciji i suzbijanju
kriminalnih aktivnosti zločinačkih udruženja. Organizirani kriminal po svojoj je naravi obilježen
određenom tajnovitošću, a za njegovo detektiranje državna tijela trebaju, u razmjernosti, koristiti
tajne mjere i radnje, koje ograničavaju temeljna ljudska prava i slobode zajamčene Ustavom i
međunarodnim konvencijama. Rad je tematski podijeljen na uvod, središnje dijelove u kojima
se analiziraju odnos nacionalne sigurnosti prema organiziranom kriminalu, rad sigurnosno-
-obavještajnih službi, transnacionalnost i razvoj organiziranog kriminala u Republici Hrvatskoj
s posebnim osvrtom na jugoistočnu Europu, uz pregled pravne regulative te na zaključna
razmatranja. Cilj je rada primjenom metoda analize, deskripcije i studije slučaja odgovoriti na
pitanje koliko je značenje i koliki je utjecaj organiziranog kriminala na nacionalnu sigurnost u
Republici Hrvatskoj te koje su mjere prevencije i suzbijanja te negativne društvene pojave.
organizirani kriminal, mafja, sigurnosni rizik, nacionalna sigurnost, obavještajne
službe, tajne policijske mjere
Ovisnost o drogama kao kriminogeni čimbenik Markus Klarić, Marija; Klarić, Dubravko
Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Splitu,
10/2020, Volume:
57, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Zlouporaba droge, odstupanje od legalnih i moralnih normi, dovodi do nezakonitog, nerijetko kriminalnog ponašanja. Ovisnost, kao potencijalni uzrok kriminalnom ponašanju, prva je karika u kauzalnom ...lancu ostvarenja raznih oblika delinkvencije. Također treba imati u vidu dva prisutna stanja, počinjenje određenog kaznenog djela pod utjecajem droge, nabavljanje te konzumaciju droge. Kriminogeni čimbenik, koji će odrediti dimenziju samog kriminalnog ponašanja, sadržavat će subjektivnu životnu situaciju ovisnika, njegovu ovisnost kroz loše materijalno stanje, skupoću droge i sve veću potrebu za njom. Taj oblik kriminala može se razumijevati kao stečeni kriminal, jer da nije bilo ovisnosti kao važnog kriminogenog čimbenika, njegovih utjecaja na psihu, ovisnik vrlo vjerojatno ne bi ušao u zonu kriminala, odnosno ne bi se moglo govoriti o formiranju njegove kriminalne osobnosti i delinkventnog ponašanja. Pitanje kaznene odgovornosti, zapravo njegove subjektivne krivnje, kompleksno je. Koliki je značaj ovisnosti kao kriminogenog čimbenika, ovisit će isto tako i o samoj osobnosti ovisnika. Stvaranjem ovisnosti karakterne crte osobnosti se mijenjaju, zato kod kriminološke analize valja uzeti u obzir i ostale možebitne kriminogene čimbenike, ali i životnu situaciju osobe prije nego što je ušla u zonu zlouporabe droga.
Drug abuse as a form of deviation from legal and moral norm usually leads to illegal, criminal behavior. Drug addiction presents just one piece of a puzzle which might lead to an realization of various criminal acts. Two modalities has to be taken into consideration, on one hand, a perpetration of different criminal offenses under the influence of drugs and on the other hand an acquisition and drug consummation. Criminogenic factor which shall determine a dimension of criminal behavior comprises of addict’s subjective circumstances such as his addiction such as poor material condition, high price of drugs and increasing desire for the same. This type of criminal can be considered as an acquired criminal, since if the addiction did not occur, the addict would most likely not be engaged in the criminal behavior since his criminal personality might not be formed in that manner. An issue of an addict’s criminal liability, his subjective guilt, is layered and complex. The meaning of an addiction as a criminogenic factor will also depend on the personality of an addict himself. Since drug addiction undeniably alters personal traits, criminalistic analysis should take into an account also other potential criminogenic factors, such as the life situation of a person prior to the drug abuse.
U radu su definisani osnovni pojavni oblici kompjuterskog kriminala sa akcen- tom na krađu identiteta kao posebnom obliku koji bi de lege ferenda okarakte- risali i adekvatno propisali kao krivično ...delo u Krivičnom zakponiku Republike Srbije. Cilj ovog rada je da se pokaže mesto krađe identiteta u spektru raznih kriminalnih radnji koje se svrstavaju u visokotehnološki kriminal. Rad je po- deljen na tri celine. Prva predstavlja uvodno izlaganje u kome je opisan način na koji utiče veoma brz razvoj informacionih i komunikacionih tehnologija na razvijanje novih metoda za njihovu zloupotrebu, nakon čega su opisane defini- cije krađe identiteta i njene karakteristike. Drugi deo rada je posvećen načini- ma, obeležjima i modalitetima krađe identiteta, dok je u trećem delu značaj dat načinima zaštite i prevencije krađe identiteta te argumentovan predlog za njeno definisanje u Krivičnom zakoniku Republike Srbije. Na kraju rada dat je kratak sažetak u vidu zaključka.
Cyber insecurity Harrison, Richard M; Herr, Trey
2016., 2016, 2016-10-18
eBook
Growing dependence on cyberspace for commerce, communication, governance, and military operations has left society vulnerable to a multitude of security threats. Mitigating the inherent risks ...associated with the use of cyberspace poses a series of thorny public policy problems. In this volume, academics, practitioners from both private sector and government, along with former service members come together to highlight sixteen of the most pressing contemporary challenges in cybersecurity, and to offer recommendations for the future. As internet connectivity continues to spread, this book will offer readers greater awareness of the threats of tomorrow—and serve to inform public debate into the next information age. Contributions by Adrienne Allen, Aaron Brantly, Lauren Boas Hayes, Jane Chong, Joshua Corman, Honorable Richard J. Danzig, Kat Dransfield, Ryan Ellis, Mailyn Fidler, Allan Friedman, Taylor Grossman, Richard M. Harrison, Trey Herr, Drew Herrick, Jonah F. Hill, Robert M. Lee, Herbert S. Lin, Anastasia Mark, Robert Morgus, Paul Ohm, Eric Ormes, Jason Rivera, Sasha Romanosky, Paul Rosenzweig, Matthew Russell, Nathaniel Tisa, Abraham Wagner, Rand Waltzman, David Weinstein, Heather West, and Beau Woods.
Crime was not always criminal. Crime was a criminal when the evil conduct had been decided as the criminal (hadbeen criminalized) by criminal law. It meant that the evil conduct could only get a ...punishment if (s) he was stated as the evil conduct by the criminal law. Although a crime had not been criminalized, it did not mean the action could not get a sanction. If it was considered as an evil and inflicted people, the actor had to get social sanction from the society. In Juridical way, civil law had also given a right to the party who was inflicted to claim compensation. Economy criminal act at First was an ethic violation. There were some authors that generalizing moral and ethic, as what was stated by Muhammad Said, ethic is identical with moral which is in Latinmos (plural form: mores) that also means custom or way of life. Thus, the two words (ethicand moral) showed how to something based on the tradition or custom because of the agreement to the practice of a group of people. K. Bertens gave the meaning of ethic, as the moral values and norms which became a guide for someone or a group of people in doing something. Thus, ethic here etymologically was the same as moral. However, there was a substance which was basically different. It said that ethic was a moral implication and as a part of action involved in moral value. Bahwasanya kejahatan tidak selalu merupakan tindak pidana. Kejahatan merupakantindak pidana ketika perilaku jahat (evil conduct) tersebut telah ditetapkan sebagaitindak pidana (telah dikriminalisasi) oleh suatu undang-undang pidana. Artinya,pelaku suatu kejahatan hanya dapat dijatuhi sanksi pidana apabila perilaku jahattersebut telah dinyatakan sebagai tindak pidana oleh undang-undang pidana.Meskipun suatu kejahatan belum dikriminalisasi, tidak berarti perbuatan tersebuttidak dapat dikenakan sanksi. Apabila perilaku itu dinilai sebagai perilaku yangjahat dan atau merugikan anggota masyarakat, maka pelakunya pasti memperolehsanksi sosial dari mayarakat. Secara yuridis, hukum perdata juga telah memberikanhak kepada pihak yang dirugikan untuk menuntut ganti rugi, bila perilaku jahat(kejahatan) tersebut merugikan orang lain.Tindak pidana ekonomi pada awalnya merupakan suatu bentuk pelanggaranterhadap etika. Ada beberapa penulis yang mengidentikkan atau menyamakan moral dengan etika, seperti yang dikemukakan oleh Muhammad Said, etika itu identikdengan kata moral dari bahasa latin mos (jamaknya mores) yang juga berartiadat istiadat atau cara hidup. Jadi, kedua kata tersebut (etika dan moral) menunjukkancara berbuatyang menjadi adat karena persetujuan untuk praktek sekelompok manusia. K. Bertens mengartikan etika, sebagai nilai-nilai dan norma-norma moralyang menjadi pegangan bagi seseorang atau suatu kelompok dalam mengatur tingkah lakunya. Oleh karena itu, etika disini secara etimologis disamakan denganmoral, namun ada substansi yang secara mendasar berbeda, yakni etika merupakanimplikasi moral dan sebagai suatu bagian perbuatan yang tercakup dalam nilai moral.
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