Mushrooms are valued worldwide for their nutritional, organoleptic and chemical properties. The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition (free sugars, organic acids, fatty acids, ...tocopherols and phenolic compounds) and bioactivity of three wild mushrooms (
,
and
) from Serbia. Chemical analysis was performed with HPLC-RI and UFLC-PDA (for hydrophilic compounds) and with GC-FID and HPLC-FP (for lipophilic compounds). The analysis of phenolic compounds was performed by UFLC-DAD. Biological activities were evaluated using three different assays (microdilution, TBARS and SRB assays). The results showed that the fruiting bodies were rich in mannitol and trehalose. The main organic acids were oxalic acid and citric acid. As for lipophilic components, stearic, oleic and linoleic acids and β-tocopherol dominated in all the species studied. In addition, the methanolic and ethanolic extracts obtained showed antibacterial, antibiofilm and antioxidant properties. As for cytotoxicity, the extracts were not toxic or only moderately toxic toward different tumor cell lines. According to the results, the selected Serbian mushrooms are a rich source of bioactive compounds, and due to their good biological potential, they can be further exploited as functional ingredients beneficial to human health (antimicrobial agents, antioxidants).
In this study, two new polysaccharides were extracted from the fruiting bodies of
Lactarius vellereus
Fr. and
Cordyceps militaris,
respectively, by hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation and ...DEAE column chromatography, successively. The results showed that the molecular weight of
Lactarius vellereus
Fr. polysaccharide (LV-1) was 11,176 Da, and that of
Cordyceps militaris
(CM-S) was 134,631 Da. The results of structure identification by GC–MS, HPGPC, HPLC, FT-IR and NMR showed that LV-1 was composed of galactose and glucose in a ratio of 2:1. The C1 site of (1 → 6)-α-
d
-glucose was connected with C3 site of (1,3 → 6)-α-
d
-galactose, and C6 site was connected with C2 site of (1,2 → 6)-α-
d
-galactose and the galactose was 1 → 6 connected which formed a ring structure. CM-S was composed of galactose, glucose and xylose in the ratio of 3:2:1. The main chain of CM-S was (1 → 6)-α-
d
-galactose, which was connected at the C2 site with (1,4 → 6)-α-
d
-glucose at the C1 site. The C4 and C1 site of (1,4 → 6)-α-
d
-glucose are linked to one 4-β-
d
-glucose and one 1-α-
d
-xylose, respectively. The results of immunoactivity showed that LV-1 and CM-S have the proliferation activity of B cells, T cells and RAW264.7 cells in vitro, and the effect of LV-1 on the proliferation of immune cells was higher than that of CM-S. In addition, LV-1 could significantly promote the secretion of IgA, IgE, IgG and IgM in B cells. Transcriptome sequencing showed that the molecular mechanism of immune activity of LV-1 involves the activation of PI3K-AKT-Ras-MAPK signaling pathways.
Abstract
Context: Terfezia boudieri Chatin (Pezizaceae), Agaricus brunnescens Peck (Agaricaceae) and Lactarius vellereus (Fr.) Fr. (Russulaceae) are well-known species in Turkey, and are used both ...for food and traditional medicine.
Objective: The powdered fruit bodies of T. boudieri, A. brunnescens and L. vellereus were used to evaluate the antimicrobial activities.
Materials and methods: Chloroform, acetone and methanol extracts of T. boudieri, A. brunnescens and L. vellereus were tested for their antimicrobial activities against four Gram-positive bacteria, five Gram-negative bacteria and yeast using a micro-dilution method.
Results: The strongest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value observed against the test microorganisms was with the chloroform extract of T. boudieri (MIC 2.4 µg/mL) against Streptococcus pyogenes. Maximum antimicrobial effects were observed with the acetone extracts of T. boudieri and L. vellereus (MIC 4.8 µg/mL) against Bacillus subtilis. The strongest antifungal activity was observed with the acetone extracts of T. boudieri (MIC 2.4 µg/mL) and A. brunnescens (MIC 19.5 µg/mL) against Candida albicans. The strongest MIC values for all fungal extracts were observed between 78 and 2.4 µg/mL.
Discussion and conclusion: Present results demonstrated that these three mushroom species have excellent antimicrobial and antifungal activities, and thus have great potential as a source for natural health products.
In this study, antifungal activities of Fomitopsis pinicola (Sw.:Fr) Karst and Lactarius vellereus (Pers.) Fr. extracts with chloroform and ethanol against Fusarium inflexum and Fusarium ...heterosporium were investigated. Mycelial discs (8 mm Oe) taken from actively growing margin of 7-day-old culture of each species and were placed in each extract medium. All species were incubated for 3 days at 28C in the dark. Antifungal activity was obtained by disc diffusion method.
An unusual highly functionalized lactarane sesquiterpene, named velleratretraol (1), was isolated from the ethanol extract of the fruiting body of the mushroom Lactarius vellereus. Its structure was ...determined through spectroscopic analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The proposed assignment of the absolute configuration is based on computational results. It showed weak activity against HIV-1 cells with an effective concentration of 68.0 microg ml(-1) and a selectivity index of 2.0.
A new lactarane sesquiterpene, 1,2-dehydrolactarolide A (1), together with lactarorufin A (2), 3-O-ethyllactarolide A (3) and 3-O-ethyllactarolide B (4), was isolated from a mushroom of the ...Russulaceae family, Lactarius vellereus. Additionally, two lactarane sesquiterpenes, lactarorufin A (2) and lactarolide A (5) were isolated from L. subpiperatus. 1,2-Dehydrolactarolide A (1) showed promotional activity (152% at 3.6 x 10E1 microM) toward radicle elongation in lettuce seedlings.
Reinvestigation of the monohydroxylactone fraction of an ethanolic extract of
Lactarius vellereus resulted in the isolation of four new monohydroxylactones with the marasmane skeleton. The structures ...were elucidated by extensive NMR investigations and in one case confirmed by X-ray measurements.
An ethanol extract of Lactarius vellereus gave 7 alpha,8 alpha,13-trihydroxy-marasm-5-oic acid gamma-lactone and 13-hydroxy-marasm-7(8)-en-5-oic acid gamma-lactone in addition to known compounds. The ...structure of the dihydroxylactone was established by spectroscopy and confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The structure of the unsaturated lactone was substantiated by spectroscopy and transformation to the former dihydroxylactone.
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