•There is a large proportion of non-local Starčevo and Sopot individuals.•Lengyel communities were organised on the local scale.•Lengyel activities included more diversified land-use on the local ...scale.•Bioarchaeological data show socio-cultural integration in Neolithic Hungary.
A variety of interdisciplinary research on mobility and migration patterns in Neolithic Hungary has recently contributed to the explanatory models of the Neolithisation across Europe. Most of these models were based on a combination of the spatial distribution of material culture or bioarchaeological and genetic analyses to determine large-scale migration and social or population-dynamic development. This paper aims at contributing to the current discussion by introducing a comprehensive and interdisciplinary multivariate environmental and multiproxy strontium and oxygen isotope analyses in combination with detailed archaeological interpretation of unique Neolithic site-complexes in southern Transdanubia. The integration of historical and modern environmental attributes, bioarchaeological data, and material typology allows for the determination of small- and large-scale mobility patterns and subsistence strategies in southern Hungary.
This book aims to explain hitherto unknown or insufficiently explained facts from everyday life of the members of the Lengyel culture, Neolithic peasants who came from the Balkans, through Moravia to ...spread in the regions of today’s Austria and Poland, where they replaced the original early agricultural populations of central Europe – linear pottery cultures and stroke-ornamented pottery cultures. From other early Neolithic cultures, they differed in the use of copper, volcanic glass and a higher share of hunting. How was this population affected by its use of metal? Why did their need to hunt increase? What was its state of health prior to their migration from today’s Hungary to Moravia, where they experienced an unprecedented boom, and which diseases troubled the population of Lengyel settlements the most? How did their lifestyle differ from that of previous linear and stroked pottery cultures? These are some of the questions the international team of experts, led by Václav Smrčka and Olivér Gábor, are trying to answer. bEditors/bVáclav SmrčkaOlivér GáborbAuthors/bFrantišek BůzekAlžběta ČerevkováEva ČermákováDavid DickMarta DočkalováVojtěch ErbanMartina FojtováOlivér GáborCsilla GátiZdeněk HájekMartin HillIvana JarošováSylva KaupováKitti KöhlerVítězslav KuželkaMartin MihaljevičZdenka MusilováIvo NěmecCtibor PovýšilLenka PůtováŠtefan RástočnýVáclav SmrčkaJakub TrubačZdeněk TvrdýIvan ZocJarmila ZocovábTranslation of Czech Texts/bStanislav CitaHelena Pecháčková
Excavations in marginal areas of the loess uplands in southern Poland have revealed that the northern periphery of the Sandomierz Upland was intensely colonised in the sixth and fifth millennia BC by ...Linearbandkeramik and Malice Culture Danubian communities. This research suggests that analogous settlement clusters may exist in other marginal regions of the Central European loess belt, previously thought to be uninhabited.
Highlights • HID-Ion AmpliSeq™ Identity panel and mtDNA genomes were used to establish kinship. • Woman and child from double grave and adjacent child were not maternally related. • Funeral rites in ...Neolithic Lengyel societies could rely on non-biological kinship. • HID-Ion AmpliSeq™ Identity panel was useful only in well preserved DNA samples.
Lengyel culture was named after the eponymous type site, the enclosed settlement of Lengyel in Hungary, east of the Danube. To the South of this site, the burial site Zengövárkony was discovered by ...Dombay (1939, 1960). In our paper, we present the first preliminary data of the gradual research of the Zengövárkony burial site in Hungary. We want to present this burial site of the Lengyel culture in the view of palaeopathological approach. The first stage, we investigated the 31 graves with complete skeletons. The research will be continued and the remaining 20 graves where only skulls or headless skeletons were buried will be completed during the second stage of our research. Our objective is to compare with the Lengyel culture in Moravia, Czech Republic (Moravian Painted Ware culture).
In Moravia, the Neolithic Lengyel culture (4800 BC – 4500 BC) spread as the Moravian Painted Ware culture (discovered by J. Palliardi in 1888). In Bohemia it was closely followed by the Jordanov/Jordansmühl culture. (The number of skeletons found in Moravia by now cannot match the quantity of burials in Hungary.) The Zengövárkony burial site originally comprised 368 graves in 14 grave groups (of which only 64 graves less than 18%, were excavated). At the Zengövárkony site, a reversible palaeopathological research was performed, based on macroscopic description and photographic documentation. The first palaeopathological description of the skeletons there was carried out by Gy. Regöly-Merei in 1960 and another by L. Bartucz in 1966, and resulting opinions of the two researchers differed. The survey of pathological findings at the Lengyel culture burial site in Zengövárkony comprised of congenital anomalies, arthritic deformations, traumas, inflammations, tumours, anaemia and changes due to excessive work strain. Regarding congenital anomalies, congenital amputation of both hands in forearms and scaphocephaly-type cranial synostosis.
Individual findings of arthrosis deformations occurred in the region of the jaw joint and knee joint. Spondylosis changes in the form of vertebral osteophytosis mainly affected the thoracic (N = 1) and lumbar spine (N = 3), and the size of osteophytes in the thoracic portion of the spine were up to 2 mm and in the lumbar portion up to 5 mm.
One special group of traumas comprised head injuries, both penetrating (N = 1) and non-penetrating (N = 1), and an unhealed fracture of the upper part of the femur (N = 1).
Regarding inflammations, a specific tuberculosis inflammation of tarsal bones, type “spina ventosa” (N = 1) was found, as well as periostoses on a rib (N = 1) and on the tibia (N = 1).
Regarding tumours, a case of meningioma (N1) in the occipital region occurred. Signs of anaemia in the vault of the orbit included bilateral “cribra orbitalia” (N = 3), once type 1 and twice type 2. Due to excessive load on the interosseous and lumbrical muscles of the hand, 2-mm borders on the edges of the proximal phalanges (N = 2) arose.
The anthropological research was performed by Zs. Zoffmann in 1969–1970. In terms of body height, the Lengyel culture was one of lowest body height Neolithic population in Europe. According to Manouvrier, K.-Zs. Zoffman measured the average height of 164 cm in 14 male skeletons and 151 cm in 16 female skeletons, but women who were only 145 cm tall were no exception.
This article summarizes the current state of research on the chipped stone assemblages from the settlement of Alsónyék-Bátaszék. This site belongs to the southeast Transdanubian group of the Late ...Neolithic Lengyel culture. Over 300 Lengyel culture sites are known in Hungary, about half of which are in southern Transdanubia. However, the site with the largest number of houses and graves is Alsónyék. Its huge extent and more than one thousand archaeological features make this one of the most important Neolithic sites in Central Europe. The chipped stone tools come exclusively from the settlement at Alsónyék-Kanizsa-dűlő. For this reason, only the preliminary results from the Kanizsa-dűlő settlement will be presented. Technological analysis of the chipped stone tools provides an opportunity for the reconstruction of the tool making process, which may be the result of the tool production system of a cultural unit. The research emphasis is on raw material identification. The focus of the interpretation is the technological and typological analysis and the aspect of household archaeology.
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