The archaeobotanical research of the Stare Gmajne pile-dwelling site included analyses of samples taken from moss remains and vessel contents, as well as wood anatomical analyses of several wooden ...artefacts and charcoal pieces.The moss of two forest species and other macroremains provide evidences of human diet and gathering as well as surrounding vegetation in the Eneolithic (3521−3366 cal BC). The results show the inhabitants collected wild plants and cultivated crops, with six cultivars identified. For the wooden artefacts, they show the bow was made of yew and the rings of hazel. They also reveal significant differences between the two excavated trenches and between different stratigraphic units. Further research of the systematically sampled sediments will address questions concerning the possibility of detecting changes in water levels and the location of the Eneolithic settlement. What is already clear is that the organic remains in the present-day Ljubljansko barje soil are highly endangered.
V prispevku so predstavljeni stratigrafski podatki in analiza arheoloških najdb, predvsem keramike, s kolišča Verd, odkritega leta 2022 na zahodnem robu Ljubljanskega barja. Rezultate preučevanja ...stratigrafskih podatkov in arheoloških najdb je v povezavi z izsledki arheozooloških, arheobotaničnih in dendrokronoloških analiz dodatno potrdilo radiokarbonsko datiranje, ki naselje okvirno postavlja v 47. stoletje pr. Kr., bržčas celo pred kolišče Resnikov prekop iz okolice Iga na drugem koncu bazena.
V prispevku obravnavamo najdiščne okoliščine ornamentiranega bronastega bodala s polkrožno zaključeno ročajno ploščo z Iga in zgodnjebronastodobno keramiko z Ljubljanskega barja. Postavljamo ...tezo, da je nekje na območju eneolitskih kolišč severno od Iga pričakovati tudi bronastodobno naselje in da bodalo lahko pripada temu naselju. Dejstvo, da je bilo bodalo najdeno na najdiščnem območju eneolitskega II. kolišča, je potemtakem zgolj posledica okoliščine, da se areala naselbin iz konca eneolitske in zgodnje bronaste dobe vsaj delno prekrivata. Pojasnitev, da bodalo najverjetneje ni ritualno odložena močvirska najdba, temveč je naselbinska najdba, odpira vprašanja o izvoru in pomenu več drugih arheoloških – predvsem kovinskih – najdb z Ljubljanskega barja.
Prepoznavanje in evidentiranje mejic Barbara Lampič; Alenka Kastelic
Dela (Univerza v Ljubljani. Oddelek za geografijo),
12/2021
56
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Mejice so manj (pre)poznan element v kulturni pokrajini. V Sloveniji je v uradno evidenco vključenih 4522 mejic v skupni dolžini 458,5 km. Zaradi različnih dejavnikov se njihovo število in kakovost ...zmanjšujeta. Ker gre za pokrajinsko rastlinsko prvino, ki se v prostoru hitro spreminja, je za njeno ohranjanje in upravljanje pomembno ustrezno prepoznavanje in evidentiranje. Preverili smo več postopkov prepoznavanja mejic. Z uporabo lidarsko zajetih podatkov smo razvili dva pristopa in ju ovrednotili z vidika njune nadaljnje uporabnosti. Ugotovili smo, da je za učinkovito prepoznavanje in evidentiranje mejic pomembna ustrezna kombinacija metod, tudi geografsko terensko delo. Za ohranjanje mejic bodo, poleg metodološko ustreznega in ažurnega evidentiranja, odločilni medsektorsko usklajeni ukrepi ter ciljno ozaveščanje kmetov in širše javnosti o raznovrstnih funkcijah mejic v kulturni kmetijski pokrajini.
The contribution presents the results of a comprehensive study of the Late Copper Age Deschmann’s pile-dwelling sites near Ig in the Ljubljansko barje, central Slovenia. It opens with a history of ...research and goes on to tackle the main topics associated with the cultural attribution of the sites. A re-examination of the recovered pottery and available archival records, coupled with a new typological and chronological analysis of the small finds has enabled a cultural and chronological redefinition of the Ljubljana culture and its characteristic pottery. In addition to the typical vessel forms, usually decorated with whipped-cord impressions, the newly-defined Ljubljana culture includes common ware that reveals influences primarily from the Somogyvár-Vinkovci culture in the Carpathian Basin. Some of the vessels of the Ljubljana culture also follow the tradition of the Vučedol culture, while others reflect the influences and maybe contacts with the Corded Ware, Globular Amphora and Bell Beaker cultures.
It is assumed that people practiced woodland management, i.e., coppicing and pollarding, in prehistory, but details are poorly known. This study aims for a better understanding of woodland ...exploitation through time in the wetland basin of the Ljubljansko barje, Slovenia, from 3700-2400 BCE (Before Common Era). To do so, uncarbonized, waterlogged wood from 16 Eneolithic pile dwellings situated in two geographical clusters that cover a time span of c. 1300 years were subjected to age/diameter analysis. It is the first time that age/diameter analysis has been applied to multiple sites from the same region. The investigated posts represent a wide range of taxa, but oak (
sp.) and ash (
sp.) represent 75% of the total, indicating selective use of wood for this purpose. Diameter selection of ash may have taken place as well. At both site clusters, the age/diameter data do not reveal any unequivocal evidence for woodland management. Only at the youngest sites do the data possibly show some gradually changing practices. The outcomes are discussed within the framework of recent discussions about woodland management in Europe.
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•Development of Eneolithic oak chronology for 3771–3330 BC in Slovenia.•Common tree-ring patterns with German/Swiss oak chronology.•First dendrochronologically dated prehistoric pile ...dwellings at Ljubljansko barje.•Improvement of dendro-archaeological investigations south and south east of the Alps.
We present dendrochronological dating of Eneolithic pile dwellings on Ljubljansko barje, Slovenia, from the 4th millennium BC, partly included on the UNESCO world heritage list in 2011. Samples of oak (Quercus sp.) timbers from the posts on which the dwellings were built have been collected over the past 20 years. They have been dendrochronologically cross-dated and (pre) dated by 14C wiggle-matching. We describe the construction of a 442-year chronology BAR-3330 based on 106 cross-dated tree-ring series of wood from six pile-dwelling sites. Comparison of BAR-3330 with reference chronologies of more than 500km distant areas north of the Alps showed that it can be teleconnected and dated with a combined German Swiss chronology. The time span of BAR-3330 was defined in this way as 3771–3330 BC. We were thus able to date exactly building activities on the pile dwellings Strojanova voda (SV), Hočevarica (HO), Maharski prekop (MP), Črešnja pri Bistri (CR), Spodnje mostišče (SM) and Stare gmajne (SG), in which early copper metallurgy played an important role. This is the first dendrochronological dating of prehistoric pile dwellings south of the Alps using reference chronologies from the north based on teleconnection. It provides an opportunity to continue filling the spatial and temporal gaps in the absolute chronology of the 4th millennium BC in the area south and south east of the Alps.
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