Zaradi velike koncentracije ljudi, podjetij, trgovine in borznih trgov so mesta najpomembnejša središča gospodarskih dejavnosti po svetu. Zaradi hitro spreminjajočih se razmer, ki so posledica ...dejavnikov, kot so globalizacija, industrija 4.0, umetna inteligenca, pandemije in rusko-ukrajinska vojna, se mesta danes spopadajo z novim izzivi, za katere so potrebne inovativne in pametne rešitve za ohranjanje trajnostnosti in konkurenčnosti. Avtorja sta v članku analizirala uspešnost madžarskih mest z županijskimi pravicami z vidika pametnega razvoja, pri čemer sta se osredotočila zlasti na okoljsko in gospodarsko trajnostnost. Domnevala sta, da so gospodarsko razvitejša mesta (z vidika dohodka na prebivalca) zaradi razpoložljivih finančnih in kadrovskih virov po navadi bolj trajnostna, ni pa nujno, da so med njimi tudi največja mesta po številu prebivalcev (zaradi ekonomije obsega, manjše privlačnosti za bivanje in drugih razlogov). Analizirala sta tri od sedemnajstih ciljev trajnostnega razvoja, ki jih je opredelila Organizacija združenih narodov (OZN), pri tem pa sta uporabila kazalnike madžarskega centralnega statističnega urada in OZN ter jih prilagodila značilnostim madžarskega urbanega omrežja. Z normalizacijo minmax in izračunom povprečnih vrednosti sta oblikovala sestavljeni indeks ciljev trajnostnega razvoja. Mesta sta razvrstila v pet skupin, ki so se razlikovale predvsem po stopnji razvojne dinamike in privlačnosti mest za bivanje. Skupine, ki sta jih določila, izražajo prostorske značilnosti madžarskega urbanega omrežja, najbolj trajnostna pa so dinamična mesta na zahodu in severozahodu države.
This book is the first monographic attempt to follow the environmental changes that took place in the frontier zone of the Ottoman Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary in the sixteenth and seventeenth ...centuries. On the one hand, it looks at how the Ottoman–Hungarian wars affected the landscapes of the Carpathian Basin – specifically, the frontier zone. On the other hand, it examines how the environment was used in the military tactics of the opposing realms. By taking into consideration both perspectives, this book intends to pursue the dynamic interplay between war, environment, and local society in the early modern period.
The history of the Second Vatican Council and the history of the policy of openness towards the East-Central European Communist countries, that is, the so called Vatican “Ostpolitik,” were looked at ...until now as two separate topics of research. The virtue of András Fejérdy’s work is to demonstrate, at the end of a thorough-going study through various available archives (first of all of the party and state, but also ecclesiastical ones), that it is not like that, but in reality the two topics are closely linked. Analyzing the history of the Hungarian presence at Vatican II in the context of the Hungarian Church policy and the evolution of the relations between the Holy See and Hungary, the book reveals that in consequence of the interests of the Holy See and the Hungarian party-state related to the Council—from the perspective of Hungary—Vatican II was not primarily an ecclesial event, but it remained closely joined to the negotiations between the Holy See and Hungary. During the Council, Hungary became the experimental laboratory of the Vatican’s new eastern policy.
The Holocaust in Hungary represented a unique chapter in the singular history of the Final Solution of the “Jewish question” in Europe. In the fifth year of the Second World War Hungary still had a ...Jewish population of approximately 800,000.Although this large and relatively intact Jewish community was deprived of its basic rights as citizens, had suffered close to 62,000 casualties, had been confronted with the hardships of discrimination, and had endured the vicissitudes of a military-related labor service system, it continued to enjoy relative physical safety under the aristocratic-conservative regime of Hungary until the German occupation on March 19, 1944. How was all this possible? And if all this was possible until March 1944, why could it not continue for a few more months? Was it really inevitable that hundreds of thousands of Hungarian Jews would, within a few months, become victims of the gas chambers of Auschwitz? Could the Holocaust in Hungary have been averted and who were responsible for the violent deaths of over a half a million Hungarian Jews in the ghettos, on the deportation trains, in the extermination and concentration camps, during the death marches, and the mass shootings into the Danube? Starting from these difficult questions, the present volume offers readers the most recent scholarship on the history and memory of the Holocaust in Hungary.
By providing a survey of consumption and lifestyle in Hungary during the second half of the twentieth century, this book shows how common people lived during and after tumultuous regime changes. ...After an introduction covering the late 1930s, the study centers on the communist era, and goes on to describe changes in the post-communist period with its legacy of state socialism. Tibor Valuch poses a series of questions. Who could be called rich or poor and how did they live in the various periods? How did living, furnishings, clothing, income, and consumption mirror the structure of the society and its transformations? How could people accommodate their lifestyles to the political and social system? How specific to the regime was consumption after the communist takeover, and how did consumption habits change after the demise of state socialism? The answers, based on micro-histories, statistical data, population censuses and surveys help to understand the complexities of daily life, not only in Hungary, but also in other communist regimes in east-central Europe, with insights on their antecedents and afterlives.
Inventing the Needyoffers a powerful, innovative analysis of welfare policies and practices in Hungary from 1948 to the last decade of the twentieth century. Using a compelling mix of archival, ...interview, and ethnographic data, Lynne Haney shows that three distinct welfare regimes succeeded one another during that period and that they were based on divergent conceptions of need. The welfare society of 1948-1968 targeted social institutions, the maternalist welfare state of 1968-1985 targeted social groups, and the liberal welfare state of 1985-1996 targeted impoverished individuals. Because they reflected contrasting conceptions of gender and of state-recognized identities, these three regimes resulted in dramatically different lived experiences of welfare. Haney's approach bridges the gaps in scholarship that frequently separate past and present, ideology and reality, and state policies and local practices. A wealth of case histories gleaned from the archives of welfare institutions brings to life the interactions between caseworkers and clients and the ways they changed over time. In one of her most provocative findings, Haney argues that female clients' ability to use the state to protect themselves in everyday life diminished over the fifty-year period. As the welfare system moved away from linking entitlement to clients' social contributions and toward their material deprivation, the welfare system, and those associated with it, became increasingly stigmatized and pathologized. With its focus on shifting inventions of the needy, this broad historical ethnography brings new insights to the study of welfare state theory and politics.
Reflecting 25 years of archival research and presented here in English for the first time, Hungary between Two Empires 1526-1711 offers a fresh and thorough exploration of this key moment in ...Hungarian history and, in turn, the creation of a modern Europe.
Holocaust City Cole, Tim
2003, 20131018, 2013-10-18, 20030101
eBook
Drawing from the ideas of critical geography and based on extensive archival research, Cole brilliantly reconstructs the formation of the Jewish ghetto during the Holocaust, focusing primarily on the ...ghetto in Budapest, Hungary--one of the largest created during the war, but rarely examined. Cole maps the city illustrating how spaces--cafes, theaters, bars, bathhouses--became divided in two. Throughout the book, Cole discusses how the creation of this Jewish ghetto, just like the others being built across occupied Europe, tells us a great deal about the nature of Nazism, what life was like under Nazi-occupation, and the role the ghetto actually played in the Final Solution.
Prispevek je nastal na podlagi analize kvantitativne raziskave z naslovom Stališča staršev v Porabju do slovenskega jezika oziroma dvo- in večjezičnosti ter tudi preteklih raziskav, strokovne ...literature in terenskih izkušenj. Študija prikazuje stališča porabskih Slovencev (staršev otrok, ki obiskujejo narodnostne vrtce) do slovenskega jezika (in drugih jezikov) in na drugi strani išče odgovore na vprašanje, zakaj je prišlo do prekinitve prenosa slovenske materinščine na anketirane – starše in posledično na najmlajše. Podatki kažejo, da si stališča in raba jezika v družini ter rezultati pri vprašanju, zakaj se vprašanim staršem zdi znanje slovenskega jezika pomembno za otroka, nasprotujejo. Med odgovori na vprašanje, zakaj se starši z otroki doma ne pogovarjajo porabsko/slovensko, izstopa mnenje, da starši in mladi ne znajo jezika in da ni medgeneracijskega prenosa. Pozitivna stališča staršev do slovenskega jezika so lahko dobra podlaga za revitalizacijo porabščine/slovenskega jezika v Porabju.
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