El presente artículo, tiene como objeto situar algunos debates que han marcado la configuración del marxismo latinoamericano como una teórica heterodoxa con ciertos lineamientos que lo vuelven ...singular. En este sentido, se propone contribuir a un debate abierto sobre las maneras de concebir la práctica y la teoría del marxismo a nivel continental. El documento, además, se presenta como una introducción a nodos problemáticos que han ayudado a construir esta corriente señalando las principales líneas investigativas entorno al marxismo a nivel continental, señalando los límites que ha implicado su lectura eurocéntrica y planteando a las prácticas de traducción como alternativa a los dogmatismos, finalmente, se muestran algunos puntos importantes de debates entorno que han dividido las maneras de interpretar el marxismo latinoamericano.
In the Social Factory? Gill, Rosalind; Pratt, Andy
Theory, culture & society,
12/2008, Volume:
25, Issue:
7-8
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
This article introduces a special section concerned with precariousness and cultural work. Its aim is to bring into dialogue three bodies of ideas — the work of the autonomous Marxist `Italian ...laboratory'; activist writings about precariousness and precarity; and the emerging empirical scholarship concerned with the distinctive features of cultural work, at a moment when artists, designers and (new) media workers have taken centre stage as a supposed `creative class' of model entrepreneurs. The article is divided into three sections. It starts by introducing the ideas of the autonomous Marxist tradition, highlighting arguments about the autonomy of labour, informational capitalism and the `factory without walls', as well as key concepts such as multitude and immaterial labour. The impact of these ideas and of Operaismo politics more generally on the precarity movement is then considered in the second section, discussing some of the issues that have animated debate both within and outside this movement, which has often treated cultural workers as exemplifying the experiences of a new `precariat'. In the third and final section we turn to the empirical literature about cultural work, pointing to its main features before bringing it into debate with the ideas already discussed. Several points of overlap and critique are elaborated — focusing in particular on issues of affect, temporality, subjectivity and solidarity.
This thesis investigates Chen Gongbo (1892-1946) and Tan Pingshan (1886-1956), two significant Cantonese Marxists who helped found the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in 1921. I use Chen and Tan as a ...lens to re-examine the dissemination of Marxism in May Fourth China and the underlying tensions in 1920s Chinese revolution. My study demonstrates that it was in the changing educational system in the early 20th century that Chen and Tan gradually improved their positions in the cultural field and participated in the intellectual ferment during the May Fourth period. At Peking University they became familiarised with Marxism. Their understanding of Marxism, however, was deeply influenced by European social democracy, as opposed to many other early communist leaders who believed in Bolshevism. This divergence finally led to the open conflict within the CCP between Guangzhou and Shanghai in the summer of 1922, which also embodied the different social identities among early Chinese Marxists. After the quarrel, Chen quit while Tan remained within the party. During the Nationalist Revolution, both Tan and Chen became senior leaders in the Kuomintang, but they had to face yet another identity crisis of whether to be a revolutionary or a politician. Meanwhile, they had to rethink the relationship between socialism and nationalism in their political propositions. This study of Chen and Tan's political thought and activities in the late 1910s and 1920s offers a different picture of Chinese radicalism and revolution in the early Republican period.
Toward a Unitary Theory (Rutgers University Press, 1983), aux Éditions sociales de Paris. Nous sommes aujourd'hui dans un tout autre contexte, alors que le marxisme regagne en popularité à la faveur ...d'un renouveau des luttes sociales, et que de nouvelles modalités de rapports de classe, de « race » et de genre nord/sud appellent à ce retour à Marx. (238) C'est là l'ambition des Chapitres 9 et 10, où elle revient aux concepts de Marx, notamment ceux de « travail nécessaire », de « force de travail », de sa reproduction, de son renouvellement et de sa valeur, concepts qui auraient jusqu'ici insuffisamment retenu l'attention.
Marxism, founded by Karl Marx, mainly presents sutureist analyzes of the social and reality of human beings. According to Marxism, art can be the whole spiritual or spiritual realm of reality, the ...material substructure of human society can exist and it can only be understood properly on this basis. It includes the spiritual reality of man, based on his entire social and historical existence, together with art, all superstructure activities such as ethics, politics, law, religion, philosophy, science. Another dimension is the spiritual reality of humanity, measuring it with its material reality. Of course, this is not a one-sided and sterile determination, but a reciprocal and dialectical relation and determination. But ultimately it is the material living conditions that are decisive. One cannot speak of a human culture and species without assuming material reality, nature; but once formed it has a determination over human spirituality and the natural reality of man. It transforms the immediacy of human natural reality with culture. Art, like all other spiritual fields of activity and institutions, cannot exist independent of class distinctions and interests shaped by production forces and relations. Class and ideological analysis of art occupies an important place in Marxist aesthetics. Art and art can serve the ruling classes as well as the oppressed classes. The field of art and political struggle cannot be completely isolated. In this statement; The differences and basic aspects of the Marxist Aesthetics and the aesthetic object have been studied by using the basic relational, descriptive research method in chronological order since aesthetics was first considered.
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