Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je istražiti komponente urođene i stečene imunosti ključne u ranom perifernom imunološkom odgovoru na ...hantavirusnu infekciju kao i mogući regulacijski učinak miRNA na periferni imunološki odgovor. U mononuklearnim stanicama periferne krvi bolesnika s hemoragijskom vrućicom s bubrežnim sindromom (HVBS) uzrokovanim virusom Puumala (PUUV) određivana je relativna ekspresija gena urođene i stečene imunosti kao i miRNA, tehnologijom real-time PCR array-a. Rezultati su pokazali supresiju ranog imunološkog odgovora na PUUV, tj. ekspresije gena koji kodiraju sintezu receptora za prepoznavanje obrazaca mikroorganizama, kemokina i kemokinskih receptora, drugih citokina, transkripcijskih faktora kao i pojedinih signalnih molekula. Funkcionalne analize pokazale su da supresija ekspresije opisane skupine gena modulira upalni odgovor stanica putem interferencije s različitim staničnim signalnim putovima. Po prvi je puta pokazana biološka značajnost miRNA u regulaciji imunološkog odgovora tijekom HVBS-a. Detektirane promjene na razini imunološkog odgovora mogu se dovesti u korelaciju s težinom bolesti, ali ne i s količinom virusa u krvi. MAPK8, CCR5, IL-10, STAT1, STAT4, miR21 i miR19a mogli bi biti potencijalni prediktori patogeneze HVBS-a.- The aim of this study was to explore the components of innate and adaptive immunity important in the early peripheral immune response to hantaviral infection as well as possible regulatory effect of miRNA to peripheral immune response. Using real-time PCR array technology, the relative expression of immune response genes and miRNA was measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) infected with Puumala virus (PUUV). The results showed suppression of the early immune response to PUUV i.e. genes coding for the synthesis of pattern recognition receptors, chemokines and their receptors, other cytokines, transcription factors as well as some signalling molecules. Functional analysis showed that down regulation of the expression of described set of genes modulates the inflammatory response by interfering with various cell-signalling pathways. For the first time, the biological importance of miRNA has been shown in the regulation of immune response during HFRS. Changes detected at the immune response level have been associated with disease severity but not with viral load in the blood. MAPK8, CCR5, IL-10, STAT1, STAT4, miR21 and miR19a could be potential predictors of HFRS pathogenesis.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- U ovoj disertaciji istraživana je višestruka različitost u toksičnim učincima i načinu istraživanja toksičnih učinaka tri učestalo ...korištena insekticida, organofosfata dimetoata i pirimifos-metila i piretroida deltametrina, na različite ekološke kategorije gujavica primjenom dva standardizirana testa toksičnosti (kontaktni filter papir test i test s umjetnim tlom) i mikrokozmičkog sustava. Rezultati su pokazali da postoji mjerljiva razlika u odgovoru biljega gujavica između pokusa koji se provode u pretežno determinističkim uvjetima (standardizirani testovi toksičnosti) i pokusa koji se provode u pretežno stohastičkim uvjetima (mikrokozmički sustavi). Iz rezultata dobivenih primjenom okolišno relevantnih koncentracija istraživanih pesticida, može se zaključiti da primjena istraživanih organofosfata u poljoprivredi ima mjerljiv toksikološki učinak na jedinke gujavica, dok primjena deltametrina u poljoprivredi najvjerojatnije neće imati utjecaj na odgovor biokemijskih biljega gujavica u okolišu. Rezultati mjerenja su pokazali da toksičnom djelovanju pesticida na gujavice može znatno doprinijeti pojava oksidativnog stresa i promjene u aktivnosti transmembranskih crpki za izbacivanje ksenobiotika. Dobiveni podatci o oporavku biljega su pokazali da je vrijeme oporavka istraživanih biokemijskih biljega bilo relativno sporo, pa je stoga nužno pri dizajniranju monitoringa zagađenja okoliša pomoću biokemijskih biljega uzeti u obzir to vrijeme. Usporedba osjetljivosti vrsta pokazala je da se vrsta-specifična ovisnost istraživanih vrsta gujavica nakon izlaganja istraživanim organofosfatima razlikuje ovisno o primijenjenom sustavu testiranja toksičnosti, odnosno osjetljivost vrsta bila je različita u standardiziranim testovima toksičnosti u usporedbi s mikrokozmičkim sustavom. Te su razlike ukazale na potrebu razlikovanja dva tipa osjetljivosti, fiziološku i okolišnu osjetljivost vrste, koje obje treba uzimati u obzir pri interpretaciji rezultata toksikoloških i ekotoksikoloških testova.- In the present thesis, the multiple differences in toxic effects and research methods of toxic effects of three commonly used insecticides, organophosphates dimethoate and pirimiphos-methyl and pyrethroid deltamethrin, on different ecological categories of earthworms by using two standardized toxicity tests (filter paper contact test and artificial soil test) and microcosmic system were investigated. The results showed measurable difference in responses between earthworm biomarkers obtained in experiments conducted mainly in deterministic conditions (standardized toxicity tests) and experiments conducted mainly in stochastic conditions (microcosmic systems). From the results obtained after applying environmentally relevant concentrations of investigated pesticides, it can be concluded that the application of the investigated organophosphates in agriculture has a measurable toxicological effects on earthworms, whereas application of deltamethrin in agriculture is unlikely to affect the response of biochemical biomarkers of earthworms in the environment. The measurements showed that the occurrence of oxidative stress and changes in the activity of efflux pumps might considerably contribute to the toxic effects of investigated pesticides on earthworms. The obtained data on the recovery of biomarkers showed that the recovery of investigated biochemical biomarkers was slow, so it is necessary to take into account the recovery time when designing the monitoring studies of environmental pollution using biochemical biomarkers. Comparison of the earthworm sensitivities showed that the species-specific sensitivity was different after exposure to organophosphates using standardized toxicity tests and microcosm. The obtained differences in sensitivities point to the need of distinguishing between two types of species sensitivity, physiological and environmental sensitivity, and both sensitivities should be taken into account in the interpretation of the results of toxicological and ecotoxicological tests.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Protein alfa sinuklein uključen je u vezikularni transport u sinapsama neurona i regulaciju otpuštanja dopamina, te se smatra da ...igra važnu ulogu u nastanku Parkinsonove bolesti (PB). Točan mehanizam kojim ovaj protein utječe na oštećenje dopaminergičkih neurona, glavnog patološkog obilježja PB, još uvijek je nepoznat. Budući da je alfa sinuklein lokaliziran u jezgri neurona, te je pokazano da se vezuje za DNA, jedan od mogućih mehanizama jest deregulacija transkripcije. Glavni cilj predloženog istraživanja bio je istražiti učinak alfa sinukleina u jezgri, kao i moguće mehanizme deregulacije transkripcije na razini cijelog genoma u modelima PB. Analiza genske ontologije i signalnih putova pokazala je da su geni regrutirani od strane endogenog alfa sinukleina uključeni u organizaciju i funkcioniranje sinapse, kao i razvoj središnjeg živčanog sustava, te ubikvitinsko-proteasomski sustav. U stanicama koje eksprimiraju povećane količine alfa sinukleina od regrutiranih gena najviše su bili zastupljeni oni vezani uz regulaciju transkripcije, dok su u stanicama transfeciranim s mutiranim oblikom alfa sinukleina (A53T) regrutirani geni bili povezani s regulacijom apoptoze, ali i putovima uključenim u nastanak genetskih i neuroloških bolesti. Eksperimenti su pokazali značajan utjecaj endogenog i mutiranog alfa sinukleina na promotore gena NEDD4 (ubikvitin-ligaza), SLC4A5 (natrij bikarbonat kotransporter), NRXN3 (receptor i adhezijska molekula), ADRA1A (simpatički receptor) i MAP4K4 (mitogen aktivirana protein kinaza). Rezultati dobiveni provedenim istraživanjima ukazuju na potencijalni učinak alfa-sinukleina u jezgri, prije svega kroz utjecaj na mehanizme transkripcije, što u konačnici može doprinijeti razvoju PB.- Protein alpha synuclein is involved in vesicular transport on synapses and regulation of dopamine release. There is the evidence that alpha-synuclein may play an important role in in Parkinson`s disease (PD) development but the mechanism by which alpha synuclein damages dopaminergic neurons remains elusive. As alpha synuclein is located in the nucleus of neurons and it has been shown that it binds DNA, one of the possible mechanisms is transcriptional dysregulation. The aim of the project was to investigate possible effects of alpha-synuclein in the nucleus as well as possible mechanisms of transcriptional deregulation in PD models. Gene ontology analysis and pathways analysis showed that genes recruited by endogenous alpha synuclein are mostly involved in synapse functioning and organization, development of central nervous system and ubiquitin proteasome system. In cells overexpressing alpha synuclein most of the genes were related to nucleus and transcriptional regulation, while in cells transfected with mutated alpha synuclein (A53T) recruited genes were mostly involved in apoptosis regulation and pathways involved in development of genetic and neurologic diseases. Experiments showed significant influence of endogenous and mutated alpha synuclein on promoters of genes NEDD4 (ubiquitin-ligase), SLC4A5 (sodium bicarbonate cotransporter), NRXN3 (receptor and cell adhesion molecule), ADRA1A (adrenergic receptor) and MAP4K4 (mitogen activated protein kinase). Overall results show potential effect of alpha synuclein in the nucleus, primarily through effect on transcriptional mechanisms that can finally lead to Parkinson`s disease development.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Povezanost između unutarstanične hiperglikemije, promjene u oksidacijskoredukcijskoj homeostazi, pojavnost oksidativnog stresa, ...smanjenje antioksidativne obrane i povećano stvaranje vaskularnoga endotelnog faktora rasta (VEGF), ključni su događaji u patogenezi proliferativne dijabetičke retinopatije (PDR). Ciljevi istraživanja: 1. Utvrditi koncentracije: VEGF-a, markera oksidativnog stresa i antioksidativnog sustava u staklastom tijelu i serumu. 2. Utvrditi korelaciju tih parametara u staklastom tijelu i serumu. 3. Temeljem rezultata korelativnog odnosa mjerenih pokusnih parametara, predvidjeti mogućnost dijagnostike retinopatičnih promjena mjerenjima serumskih vrijednosti. Metode istraživanja: ispitivane varijable mjerene su u uzorcima staklastog tijela i seruma bolesnika i eksperimentalnih životinja s izraženom proliferativnom dijabetičkom retinopatijom te u istim uzorcima bolesnika i eksperimentalnih životinja bez pojavnosti oksidativnog stresa, kao kontrola. Svi parametri analizirani su standardiziranim laboratorijskim metodama, a dobivene vrijednosti statistički obrađene. Korelacije podataka između promatranih skupina prikazane su Spearmanovim koeficijentima korelacije. Rezultati su pokazali povišene markere oksidativnog stresa u oku i u sistemskoj cirkulaciji, smanjen antioksidativni kapacitet u staklastom tijelu, te povišene vrijednosti u serumu kod dijabetičara s PDR-om. Zaključak: U dijabetičara, praćenjem serumskih parametara (lipidne peroksidacije, superoksid dismutaze i VEGF-a), moguće je indirektno procjenjivati oksidativni status unutar oka, a time i nastanak/napredovanje dijabetičke retinopatije i prije nego što promjene u oku postanu klinički očite.- The relationship between intracellular hyperglycemia, changes in oxidative - reductive homeostasis, the onset of oxidative stress, reduction of antioxidant defense and increased production of VEGF are considered to be key events in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Research goals: 1. To determine concentrations of: vascular endothelial growth factor, markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant system in the vitreous humor and serum. 2. To determine the correlation between these parameters in the vitreous and serum. 3. Based on the results of the correlation of the measured experimental parameters, predict the ability to diagnose retinopathy changes based on serum values. Research Methods: The examined variables were measured in samples of vitreous and serum of patients and experimental animals with pronounced proliferative diabetic retinopathy and of control group of patients and experimental animals without incidence of oxidative stress. All parameters were analyzed by standardized laboratory methods and the obtained values were statistically evaluated. Data correlations between observed groups were presented by the Spearman correlation coefficient. Results: The results showed elevated markers of oxidative stress in the eye and systemic circulation, reduced antioxidant capacity in the vitreous humor and increased antioxidant capacity in diabetic patients with PDR. Conclusion: In diabetic patients, monitoring of serum parameters (Lipid Peroxidation, Superoxide Dismutase and VEGF), can be used to indirectly evaluate the oxidative status inside the eye, and thus the formation/progression of diabetic retinopathy before clinical manifestation of changes in the eye.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je odrediti prevalenciju rezistencije virusa ljudske imunodeficijencije tipa 1 (Human immunodeficiency ...virus type 1, HIV-1) na antiretrovirusne lijekove u liječenih zaraženih osoba primjenom dvije metode (analiza u jednoj vremenskoj točki i metoda kumulativne rezistencije), analizirati učestalost pojave klinički značajnih mutacija povezanih s rezistencijom na antiretrovirusne lijekove, odrediti distribuciju subtipova HIV-a, te na odabranim uzorcima usporediti metodu ˝ultra-deep˝-sekvenciranja (UDS) sa standardnom metodom sekvenciranja. Prevalencija rezistencije HIV-a na lijekove i subtipove HIV-a odredila se analizom dijela regije pol genoma virusa i različitim intepretativnim algoritmima u osoba s virološkim neuspjehom u periodu od 2008. do kraja 2012. Mutacije povezane s rezistencijom HIV-a na antiretrovirusne lijekove detektirane su u 50% uzoraka, od kojih je najzastupljenija M184V (26.7% uzoraka). Rezistencija na nukleozidne inhibitore reverzne transkriptaze dokazana je u 39.5%, na nenukleozidne inhibitore reverzne transkriptaze u 42%, a na inhibitore proteaze u 5.8% uzoraka. Većina ispitanika (71%) bila je zaražena subtipom B HIV-1. Značajna razlika između dviju metoda za procjenu prevalencije rezistencije nije opažena za ispitivanu skupinu. UDS je detektiralo 65 od 85 (77.3%) mutacija koje nisu otkrivene standardnom metodom sekvenciranja. Ovim istraživanjem po prvi se put procijenila prevalencija rezistencije HIV-a na antiretrovirusne lijekove u liječenih bolesnika iz Hrvatske te analizirali obrasci mutacija u uvjetima selektivnog pritiska antiretrovirusnih lijekova. UDS je pokazalo prisutnost mutacija niske prevalencije koje su mogući uzrok neuspjeha terapije bolesnika te pružilo dodatne informacije o genetičkoj raznolikosti virusa.- The aim of this study was to: determine the prevalence of Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) resistance to antiretroviral drugs in treatment-experienced patients using two methods (single-point analysis, cumulative model), the distribution of HIV subtypes, analyze frequency of clinicaly relevant resistance mutations, and to compare results of ultra-deep sequencing (UDS) with standard sequencing method on selected samples. The prevalence of resistance and viral subtypes were determined by analyzing HIV pol genomic region and by applying different resistance interpretation algorithms in persons with treatment failure in the period 2008-2012. Resistance mutations were detected in 50% of samples and the most frequent was M184V (26.7% of samples). The resistance to nucleoside analogues reverse transcriptase inhibitors was found in 39.5%, to non-nucleoside analogues reverse transcriptase inhibitors in 42% and to protease inhibitors in 5.8% of samples. The majority of patients were infected with HIV-1 subtype B (71%). No significant difference was found between two methods when estimating the prevalence of resistance to drugs. A total of 65 out of 85 (77.3%) mutations revealed by UDS were not identified by standard sequencing method. For the first time in Croatia, this study showed the prevalence of HIV-resistance to antiretroviral drugs in patients subjected to treatment and analyzed the patterns of mutations in an enviroment under drug presure. UDS identified minor drug-resistance variants which may be the reason of treatment failure and revealed additional information about genetic variability of the virus.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Akutna upala gušterače (pankreatitis) praćena je oksidativnim i dušičnim stresom, no doprinos ovih mehanizama oštećenju tkiva i ...disfunkciji endokrinog dijela gušterače slabo je istražen. U ovom radu istraživana je uloga asimetričnog dimetilarginina (ADMA), endogenog inhibitora sintetaze dušičnog oksida (NOS), u razvoju oksidativno-dušičnog stresa te regulaciji glikemije na kliničkom modelu akutnog pankreatitisa. Rezultati razotkrivaju akutni pankreatitis kao stanje značajnog poremećaja glukoregulacije, pojačanog oksidativnog i dušičnog stresa te poremećene ADMA-om posredovane regulacije sinteze dušičnog oksida (NO). Hiperglikemija i oksidativno-dušični stres identificirani su kao mogući značajni uzroci smanjene bioraspoloživosti ADMA-e tijekom akutnog pankreatitisa, a intolerancija glukoze mjesec dana nakon preboljelog pankreatitisa, koja je nađena u 64% ispitanika, u izravnoj je vezi s razinom ADMA-e tijekom akutne faze bolesti. Do sada nepoznata nedostatna inhibicija sinteze NO u akutnom pankreatitisu značajno pridonosi oštećenju endokrine gušterače i kasnijem razvoju šećerne bolesti.- Acute pancreatitis is characterised by the oxidative and nitrosative stress, but contribution of these mechanisms to the tissue damage and endocrine pancreas dysfunction has been insufficiently studied. This study aimed to investigate the role of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of nitric-oxide synthetase (NOS), in development of oxidative-nitrosative stress and potentially disturbed glucoregulation in the clinical model of acute pancreatitis. Results reveal acute pancreatitis as a condition associated with a significant derrangement of glucoregulation and increased oxidative-nitrosative stress, as well as a disturbed ADMAregulated nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. Both hyperglycaemia and oxidative-nitrosative stress were identified as potential significant determinants of decreased ADMA-bioavailibility during acute pancreatitis, while glucose intolerance, found in 64% of patients 1 month after acute pancreatitis, was found to be directly associated with ADMA-level during acute phase of illness. Sofar unrecognized insufficient inhibition of NO-synthesis in acute pancreatitis contributes significantly to the endocrine pancreas damage and might be responsible for subsequent development of diabetes mellitus.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Vođeni pretpostavkom da protein FADD (engl. Fas-Associated protein with Death Domain) sudjeluje u prijenosu apoptotskih, ...nekroptotskih i autofagnih signala nakon primjene NB-UVB (engl. Narrowband Ultraviolet B) zračenja, istražili smo njegovu ulogu smrtonosnog adaptera na modelu mišjih embrionalnih fibroblasta koji nemaju gen za protein FADD. Rezultati ovog istraživanja pokazuju da divlji tip mišjih embrionalnih fibroblasta umire apoptotskim smrtonosnim mehanizmom nakon izlaganja NB-UVB zračenju i to aktivacijom mitohondrijskog puta, ali bez aktivacije proteina p53. Stanice koje nemaju gen za protein FADD nakon izlaganja NB-UVB zračenju umiru programiranom nekrozom i autofagijom, uz aktivaciju kaspaza 3 i 9, ali bez aktivacije proteina p53, Bax i Bcl-2. Rezultati ukazuju da su protein FADD, ali i kinaza RIP1 (engl. Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1) nužni za pokretanje apoptotskog smrtonosnog mehanizma, dok protein FADD nije nužan za aktivaciju autofagije koja se javlja zajedno s programiranom nekrozom nakon izlaganja stanica NB-UVB zračenju.- Based on the presumption that FADD protein (Fas-Associated protein with Death Domain) intermediates apoptotic, necroptotic and autophagic signals after exposure to NB-UVB (Narrowband Ultraviolet B) irradiation, we tested its role of death adaptor using FADD knockout mouse embrionic fibroblasts. The results show that wild type mouse embryonic fibroblast die by triggering apoptotic death signals through mitochondrial control, but independently of p53. FADD knockout mouse embrionic fibroblasts die by programmed necrosis and autophagy, by activating caspase-3 and -9. Their necrotic programme does not involve p53 nor Bax and Bcl-2. The results show that protein FADD, as well as RIPK1 (Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1), are essential for triggering apoptotic cell death mechanism. FADD protein is not necessary for autophagic mechanism followed by necroptosis after NB-UVB irradiation.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Autoimune bolesti štitnjače – Gravesova bolest (hipertireoza) i Hashimotova bolest (hipotireoza), najčešće su bolesti štitnjače, ali ...i najčešća autoimuna oboljenja uopće, koja pogađaju oko 2 do 5% ukupne populacije. Prevalencija im raste s godinama, a u oba slučaja oko 10 puta češće obolijevaju žene. Kako su digito-palmarni dermatoglifi pokazatelji fenomena rasta i diferencijacije tijekom razdoblja rane embriogeneze, njihova analiza korištena je u istraživanju uloge naslijeđa u nastanku ovih bolesti, u otkrivanju za njih specifičnih biljega te u nastojanju da se ispita izdvajanje ovih bolesti u kontekstu bioloških skupina. Provedena je analiza razlika kvalitativnih i kvantitativnih svojstava dermatoglifa između skupine od 100 žena oboljelih od hipotireoze, 50 oboljelih od hipertireoze te kontrolne skupine od 100 fenotipski zdravih žena. Slijedom rezultata istraživanja koji upućuju na statistički značajne heterogenosti, zaključujemo da se bolesnice s autoimunim bolestima štitnjače izdvajaju kao posebna biološka skupina, razlikuju se i međusobno u latentnom prostoru, što ukazuje na ulogu različitih genskih polimorfizama i okolišnih čimbenika u etiologiji njihovog nastanka.- Hypothyreosis and hyperthyreosis are the most common autoimmune diseases. Their prevalence has been increasing over the years and in both cases women are about 10 times more affected. Dermatoglyphics are the indicators of growth phenomenon and the differentiation during the early stage of embryogenesis. Therefore analysis of digital-palmar dermatoglyphics has been used in the research of the role of heritage in the development of these diseases, also in detecting their specific markers and revealing the idea of their separation in the context of biological groups. The aim of this paper was to analyze the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the digital and palmar dermatoglyphics between the group of 100 females with hypothyreosis, 50 females with hyperthyreosis and a control group of 100 phenotypically healthy females. The statistical analysis has shown the heterogenity between all examined groups. The results of the research have proved that patients with thyroid autoimmune diseases separate as specific biological group, there are also differences between hypothyreosis and hyperthyreosis in latent space, so we conclude that different polymorphisms of genes together with influence of enviroment are taking part in their development.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Gram-negativne bakterije su uzročnici teških bolničkih infekcija, a posebice infekcija rana. Postoji stalan trend porasta ...učestalosti rezistencije na sve veći broj antibakterijskih lijekova koji uz druge činitelje rizika u hospitaliziranih bolesnika doprinose kolonizaciji i nastanku infekcija uzrokovanih multirezistentnim bakterijama. Cilj ovog rada bio je karakterizirati mehanizme rezistencije u izolatima bakterija Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis i Pseudomonas aeruginosa, koje produciraju različite β-laktamaze, iz obrisaka rana. Utvrđena je produkcija β-laktamaza iz TEM, SHV i CTX-M porodice u enterobakteija. U jednom izolatu K. pneumoniae dokazano je prisustvo plazmidne AmpC β-laktamaze iz CMY porodice i VIM metalo-β-laktamaze. Svi izolati P. mirabilis pripadali su istom klonu i posjedovali blaTEM-52 gen. U svih izolata A. baumannii dokazana je insercijska sekvenca ISAba1 i svi su pripadali istom klonu. U izolata P. aeruginosa dokazana je niska stopa produkcije VIM metalo-β-laktamaza i svi su pripadali istom klonu. Niti u jednom izolatu nefermentativnih bakterija nije utvrđena rezistencija na kolistin. Ovi rezultati daju uvid u molekularnu epidemiologiju multirezistentnih bakterija i mogu doprinijeti kreiranju smjernica za empirijsku terapiju teških infekcija.- Gram-negative bacteria are considered to be the most important pathogens causing serious nosocomial infections especially wound infections. The increasing resistance to numerous antibiotics together with other risk factors in hospitalized patients are contributing to development of multiresistant bacteria in recent years. The aim of this study was to determine the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in: Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from wound swabs. ß-lactamases of TEM, SHV and CTX-M family were found in Enterobacteriaceae. Only one isolate of K. pneumoniae produced plasmid-mediated ß-lactamase of CMY family and metallo-β-lactamase of VIM family. All isolates of P. mirabilis harboured blaTEM-52 genes and were clonally related. A. baumannii isolates belonged to a single clone and harboured only blaOXA-51 gene upregulated by ISAba1. The low prevalence of VIM metal-β-lactamase was demonstrated in P. aeruginosa and all of them belonged to the same cluster. Resistance to colistin was not detected in nonfermentative bacteria. The results of this study will give a better insight into molecular epidemiology and enable to establish guidelines for the treatment of these infections.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Simbiotske asocijacije imaju široki značaj u evoluciji i bioraznolikosti. Proces endosimbioze jedan je od pokretača specijacije. ...Zelena hidra (Hydra viridissima Pallas, 1766) tipičan je primjer endosimbioze, jer u svojim gastrodermalnim mioepitelnim stanicama sadrži jednostanične fotoautotrofne alge. Endosimbiotske alge izolirane iz zelenih hidri sakupljenih s četiri različite lokacije u Hrvatskoj, te iz Izraela i iz Njemačke identificirane su koristeći pet molekularno filogenetičkih biljega (geni za 18S rRNA, za ITS regiju, za 16S rRNA, za rbcL i za citokrom oksidazu I) pomoću metode najveće vjerojatnosti. Istražen je filogenetički položaj endosimbiotskih algi izoliranih iz zelenih hidri unutar zelenih algi Chlorophyta. Molekularno filogenetičkom analizom utvrđeno je da simbiotske alge u zelenoj hidri pripadaju različitim rodovima i vrstama jednostaničnih zelenih algi iz razreda Trebouxiophyceae i Chlorophyceae. Simbiotske alge izolirane iz zelenih hidri s hrvatskih lokaliteta pokazuju polifiletičko podrijetlo nastanka na različitim geografskim lokacijama. Izolirane endosimbiotske alge karakterizirane su pomoću svjetlosne te pretražne i transmisijske elektronske mikroskopije, prema citološko-morfometrijskim parametrima te prema aktivnosti i sastavu enzima katalaze, peroksidaze i esteraza. Rezultati dobiveni analizom sastava izoenzima upućuju na razliku između algalnih endosimbionata s hrvatskih lokaliteta i algalnih endosimbionata iz Europe, ukazujući na biološku raznolikost među algalnim simbiontima.- Symbiotic associations are of a broad significance in evolution and biodiversity. The process of endosymbiosis is one of promoters of speciation. The green hydra (Hydra viridissima Pallas, 1766) is a typical example of endosymbiosis. In its gastrodermal myoepithelial cells harbors the individuals of unicellular photoautotrophic algae. We reconstructed the phylogeny of algal endosymbionts isolated from green hydra strains collected from four different geographical sites within Croatia and one from Germany and one from Israel. Nuclear (18S rRNA, the ITS region), chloroplast (16S rRNA, rbcL) and mitochondrial (COI) markers for maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses were used. We focused on investigating the positions of these algal endosymbiotic strains within the chlorophyte lineage. Molecular analyses established that different genera and species of unicellular green algae from class Trebouxiophyceae and Chlorophyceae are present as endosymbionts in green hydra, showing that are of polyphyletic origin. Our results indicate that the intracellular algal endosymbionts of green Hydra have become established several times independently in evolution. Isolated endosymbiotic algae were characterized by light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy, according to cytological morphometric parameters and by activity and isoenzyme analysis of catalase, peroxidase and esterases. The results obtained by isoenzyme analysis suggest a difference between Croatian and European algal endosymbionts, indicating biological diversity among algal symbionts.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
