Phylogenetic relationships within the European Monochamus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) remain understudied despite their increasing importance in the Pine Wood Nematode spread in Europe. To clarify the ...delimitation and the evolutionary history of the two main European Monochamus species, Monochamus galloprovincialis and Monochamus sutor, as well as their sub-species, a comparative study using morphological, molecular, and biogeographical criterions was conducted. Four morphological characters, including a newly-described morphological character on the male genitalia, separated the two species. Additionally, molecular data revealed twelve and two single nucleotide polymorphisms in cytochrome oxidase c subunit I and 28S, respectively, supporting species segregation. By contrast, incongruence between morphological and genetic results did not allow discriminating the sub-species of M. galloprovincialis and M. sutor, even though mitochondrial DNA revealed intraspecific differentiation, mostly consenting to a multiple refugia origin. Within-species variability was explained to a large extent by biogeography (i.e. altitude, climate). These different ecological adaptations within beetle species, together with potential climate change impact, increase the risk of spreading the nematode across Europe to novel conifer hosts and challenge the European biosecurity.
Phylogenetic relationships within the European Monochamus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) remain understudied despite their increasing importance in the Pine Wood Nematode spread in Europe. To clarify the ...delimitation and the evolutionary history of the two main European Monochamus species, Monochamus galloprovincialis and Monochamus sutor, as well as their sub-species, a comparative study using morphological, molecular, and biogeographical criterions was conducted. Four morphological characters, including a newly-described morphological character on the male genitalia, separated the two species. Additionally, molecular data revealed twelve and two single nucleotide polymorphisms in cytochrome oxidase c subunit I and 28S, respectively, supporting species segregation. By contrast, incongruence between morphological and genetic results did not allow discriminating the sub-species of M. galloprovincialis and M. sutor, even though mitochondrial DNA revealed intraspecific differentiation, mostly consenting to a multiple refugia origin. Within-species variability was explained to a large extent by biogeography (i.e. altitude, climate). These different ecological adaptations within beetle species, together with potential climate change impact, increase the risk of spreading the nematode across Europe to novel conifer hosts and challenge the European biosecurity.
Pine wilt disease, which has killed millions of pines in Asia, was first reported in Europe (Portugal) in 1999. This disease is caused by the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, and ...vectored by longhorn beetles of the genus Monochamus. Despite strict control and containment measures, the disease has now spread very widely in Portugal and is now present at a few locations in Spain. Predicting and mapping the potential spread of the nematode and the disease across Europe is crucial to the effective management of this pest.Because the invasion in Europe is relatively recent and containment measures have influenced the natural potential spread of the pest, it has not been possible to parameterize a spread model based on European data. At first, an expansion model initially based on the history of invasion of the pine wilt disease in China was applied to Europe. This model combines short distance spread with a stochastic, individual based model to describe the long distance jumps due to human assisted transportation. Separate introductions of the nematode at 200 European ports were simulated under various climate change scenarios.This study illustrates how a spread model can be used to determine the critical points of entry for invasive species, so that surveillance can be targeted more accurately and control measures prioritised.
Pine wilt disease, which has killed millions of pines in Asia, was first reported in Europe (Portugal) in 1999. This disease is caused by the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, and ...vectored by longhorn beetles of the genus Monochamus. Despite strict control and containment measures, the disease has now spread very widely in Portugal and is now present at a few locations in Spain. Predicting and mapping the potential spread of the nematode and the disease across Europe is crucial to the effective management of this pest.Because the invasion in Europe is relatively recent and containment measures have influenced the natural potential spread of the pest, it has not been possible to parameterize a spread model based on European data. At first, an expansion model initially based on the history of invasion of the pine wilt disease in China was applied to Europe. This model combines short distance spread with a stochastic, individual based model to describe the long distance jumps due to human assisted transportation. Separate introductions of the nematode at 200 European ports were simulated under various climate change scenarios.This study illustrates how a spread model can be used to determine the critical points of entry for invasive species, so that surveillance can be targeted more accurately and control measures prioritised.
Feeding and oviposition preferences of Monochamus galloprovincialis on its main hosts Pinus sylvestris and Pinus pinaster Koutroumpa , Fotini (Université d'Orléans, Orléans(France). Laboratoire de biologie des ligneux et des grandes cultures (LBLGC) UPRES EA 1207); Sallé , Aurélien (Université d'Orléans, Orléans(France). Laboratoire de biologie des ligneux et des grandes cultures (LBLGC) UPRES EA 1207); Lieutier , François (Université d'Orléans, Orléans(France). Laboratoire de biologie des ligneux et des grandes cultures (LBLGC) UPRES EA 1207) ...
2009
Publication
Considering the key role of Monochamus galloprovincialis (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in the dispersion of the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Bührer) Nickle ...(Nematoda: Aphelenchoidea), in Europe, defining the host spectrum and preference of M. galloprovincialis is of primary importance for forest management. Therefore, comparative studies under laboratory conditions were performed in order to define the feeding and oviposition preferences of M. galloprovincialis adults as well as the larval development on Pinus sylvestris and Pinus pinaster. Both nutrition and oviposition were significantly higher on P. sylvestris. However, no difference was found when comparing larval survival on the two Pinus species even though larvae attended the fourth instar earlier when reared on P. sylvestris than on P. pinaster. The results of this study reinforce the suspicions of a future rapid propagation of the nematode, by M. galloprovincialis, into the Pine forests all over Europe.
Θεωρώντας τον ρόλο του Monochamus galloprovincialis κλειδί στην εξάπλωση του νηματώδη του πεύκου στην Ευρώπη, η διαλεύκανση του εύρους των ξενιστών και των προτιμήσεων του Μ. galloprovincialis σε αυτούς είναι πρωτεύουσας σημασίας για την προστασία του δάσους.Συγκριτικές μελέτες σε συνθήκες εργαστηρίου διεξήχθησαν με σκοπό την διευκρίνηση των διατροφικών και ωοθετικών προτιμήσεων των ενηλίκων αυτού του εντόμου καθώς και της ανάπτυξης των προνυμφών του στα P. sylvestris και P. pinaster. Η διατροφή και η ωοτοκίαβρέθηκαν στατιστικά πιο σημαντικές στο P. sylvestris αλλά καμία διαφορά δεν βρέθηκε στην επιβίωση των προνυμφών στα δύο είδη πεύκου. Οι προνύμφες έφτασαν στην 4η ηλικίανωρίτερα στο P. sylvestris από ότι στο P. pinaster. Τα αποτελέσματα της παρούσης μελέτης ισχυροποιούν τις υποψίες για μια γρήγορη μελλοντική εξάπλωση του νηματώδη σε ολόκληρη την Ευρώπη.
Considering the key role of Monochamus galloprovincialis (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in the dispersion of the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Bührer) Nickle ...(Nematoda: Aphelenchoidea), in Europe, defining the host spectrum and preference of M. galloprovincialis is of primary importance for forest management. Therefore, comparative studies under laboratory conditions were performed in order to define the feeding and oviposition preferences of M. galloprovincialis adults as well as the larval development on Pinus sylvestris and Pinus pinaster. Both nutrition and oviposition were significantly higher on P. sylvestris. However, no difference was found when comparing larval survival on the two Pinus species even though larvae attended the fourth instar earlier when reared on P. sylvestris than on P. pinaster. The results of this study reinforce the suspicions of a future rapid propagation of the nematode, by M. galloprovincialis, into the Pine forests all over Europe.
Θεωρώντας τον ρόλο του Monochamus galloprovincialis κλειδί στην εξάπλωση του νηματώδη του πεύκου στην Ευρώπη, η διαλεύκανση του εύρους των ξενιστών και των προτιμήσεων του Μ. galloprovincialis σε αυτούς είναι πρωτεύουσας σημασίας για την προστασία του δάσους.Συγκριτικές μελέτες σε συνθήκες εργαστηρίου διεξήχθησαν με σκοπό την διευκρίνηση των διατροφικών και ωοθετικών προτιμήσεων των ενηλίκων αυτού του εντόμου καθώς και της ανάπτυξης των προνυμφών του στα P. sylvestris και P. pinaster. Η διατροφή και η ωοτοκίαβρέθηκαν στατιστικά πιο σημαντικές στο P. sylvestris αλλά καμία διαφορά δεν βρέθηκε στην επιβίωση των προνυμφών στα δύο είδη πεύκου. Οι προνύμφες έφτασαν στην 4η ηλικίανωρίτερα στο P. sylvestris από ότι στο P. pinaster. Τα αποτελέσματα της παρούσης μελέτης ισχυροποιούν τις υποψίες για μια γρήγορη μελλοντική εξάπλωση του νηματώδη σε ολόκληρη την Ευρώπη.
Considering the key role of Monochamus galloprovincialis (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in the dispersion of the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Bührer) Nickle ...(Nematoda: Aphelenchoidea), in Europe, defining the host spectrum and preference of M. galloprovincialis is of primary importance for forest management. Therefore, comparative studies under laboratory conditions were performed in order to define the feeding and oviposition preferences of M. galloprovincialis adults as well as the larval development on Pinus sylvestris and Pinus pinaster. Both nutrition and oviposition were significantly higher on P. sylvestris. However, no difference was found when comparing larval survival on the two Pinus species even though larvae attended the fourth instar earlier when reared on P. sylvestris than on P. pinaster. The results of this study reinforce the suspicions of a future rapid propagation of the nematode, by M. galloprovincialis, into the Pine forests all over Europe.
Θεωρώντας τον ρόλο του Monochamus galloprovincialis κλειδί στην εξάπλωση του νηματώδη του πεύκου στην Ευρώπη, η διαλεύκανση του εύρους των ξενιστών και των προτιμήσεων του Μ. galloprovincialis σε αυτούς είναι πρωτεύουσας σημασίας για την προστασία του δάσους.Συγκριτικές μελέτες σε συνθήκες εργαστηρίου διεξήχθησαν με σκοπό την διευκρίνηση των διατροφικών και ωοθετικών προτιμήσεων των ενηλίκων αυτού του εντόμου καθώς και της ανάπτυξης των προνυμφών του στα P. sylvestris και P. pinaster. Η διατροφή και η ωοτοκίαβρέθηκαν στατιστικά πιο σημαντικές στο P. sylvestris αλλά καμία διαφορά δεν βρέθηκε στην επιβίωση των προνυμφών στα δύο είδη πεύκου. Οι προνύμφες έφτασαν στην 4η ηλικίανωρίτερα στο P. sylvestris από ότι στο P. pinaster. Τα αποτελέσματα της παρούσης μελέτης ισχυροποιούν τις υποψίες για μια γρήγορη μελλοντική εξάπλωση του νηματώδη σε ολόκληρη την Ευρώπη.
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