The aim of the paper was to investigate health aspects of high altitude trekking such as preparation for the physical exertion during trekking at high altitude, the impact of mountaineering on the ...daily life before and after the expedition, the effect of high-mountain conditions on health and well-being. It was found that in the pre-departure period trekkers commonly train to ensure that they are physically fit for the expedition. They train alone or under the supervision of a trainer. Self-prepared workouts may turn out to be insufficient due to the lack of appropriate training plans. The most challenging aspects of high altitude trekking for the body include carrying too heavy equipment, dealing with illegibly marked routes, wearing inappropriate clothing, having an unbalanced diet, not having enough water, which can lead to dehydration and infections. Misconduct by other people poses a risk. The specific type of effort involved in mountaineering requires balanced nutrition in terms of both micro- and macro-elements. To find the right combination, one has to either experiment or seek advice from a dietitian. However, relatively few people consult a nutrition coach. Among sanitary problems, the most serious one is inappropriate human waste disposal, the resulting lack of drinkable water. Some of the observed problems result from insufficient regulations regarding the conduct in the mountains and from trekkers’ lack of awareness regarding good practices in such extreme conditions.
Off-road running continues to grow in popularity, with differing event categories existing, and terminologies are often used interchangeably and without precision. Trail running, mountain running, ...skyrunning, fell running, orienteering, obstacle course racing and cross-country running all take place predominantly in off-road terrain. Ultramarathon running refers to any running event over marathon distance conducted in any terrain and surface. Although some overlap may exist between these running events, mainly through the common denominator of off-road terrain, distinct features need to be recognised. As scientific interest in these activities grows, it becomes important to clarify these terms and develop a universal language for discussing these events. Similarly, off-road running athletes are generally not properly defined within the scientific literature, which makes intra- and inter-study comparisons difficult. The current position statement of the Ultra Sports Science Foundation highlights the different off-road running events and recommends clear reference to distance, surface, elevation change and altitude, type of event (continuous vs. staged), type of support, name and year of the event, governing body, and guidance on terminology. We further recommend to describe off-road running athletes by basic data, physiological determinants, training and competition characteristics in the scientific literature in order to facilitate and guide further research and practice.
Nine Ski mountaineering (Ski-Mo), ten Nordic-Cross Country (NCC) and twelve world elite biathlon (Bia) athletes were evaluated for cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) performance as the primary aim ...of our descriptive preliminary report. A multicenter retrospective analysis of CPET data was performed in 31 elite winter sports athletes, which were obtained in 2021 during the annual medical examination. The matched data of the elite winter sports athletes (14 women, 17 male athletes, age: 18-32 years) were compared for different CPET parameters, and athlete's physique data and sport-specific training schedules. All athletes showed, as estimated in elite winter sport athletes, excellent performance data in the CPET analyses. Significant differences were revealed for VE
(respiratory minute volume at the second ventilatory threshold (VT2)), highest maximum respiratory minute volume (VE
), the indexed ventilatory oxygen uptake (VO
) at VT2 (VO
/kg
), the oxygen pulse at VT2, and the maximum oxygen pulse level between the three professional winter sports disciplines. This report provides new evidence that in different world elite winter sport professionals, significant differences in CPET parameters can be demonstrated, against the background of athlete's physique as well as training control and frequency.
This study investigates the key influences that encourage mountaineer tourists, classified as a type of adventure tourist, to participate in package mountaineering holidays. There is limited ...understanding of why tourists take package adventure holidays, yet the demand for such holidays has grown dramatically in recent years. The author conducted in-depth interviews with mountaineer tourists either during or at the end of their package mountaineering holiday in the Chamonix region of the French Alps. Interview findings provide an insight into package mountaineer tourists. Firstly, mountaineering was an important part of respondents’ lifestyles. Secondly, contrary to previous research on experienced mountaineers, respondents did not consider risk as an important motive and they did not view themselves as risk takers. Thirdly, skills development and experience were key motives encouraging package mountaineering holiday participation. Fourthly, a major concern for respondents was to have a safe mountaineering experience in which the mountaineering organisation and the guide played a key role.
Le Cervin dont la pyramide parfaite est une image quasi-obsédante en Suisse, est une montagne emblématique dans l'histoire de l'alpinisme depuis sa conquête en 1865. Mais c'est aussi l'objet ...d'importantes recherches géologiques et géomorphologiques : place dans l'architecture tectonique de la chaîne alpine, formation par le recoupement de grands cirques glaciaires, fonte du pergélisol de paroi. Revêtant à la fois une valeur scientifique et emblématique en Suisse, il peut être considéré comme un géomorphosite bien caractérisé.
U povijesti hrvatskoga planinarstva djelovanje Planinarskoga društva „Orljak“ iz Opatije (dalje: Društvo) slabo je poznato, no njegov četvrtstoljetni rad i zapažene aktivnosti na području Liburnije ...ukazuju na opravdanost dokumentiranja te važne epizode lokalne, regionalne, pa i nacionalne planinarske povjesnice. U ovome se članku stoga istražuje rad i djelovanje Društva od njegovih pretpočetaka u obliku Planinarskoga aktiva „Orljak“, koji djeluje u okviru Planinarskoga društva „Opatija“ (od 1980.), preko osnivanja samostalnoga Društva (1984.) te razdoblja rasta i intenzivna rada 1980-ih, postupna zamiranja 1990-ih i naposljetku nekoliko zabilježenih bljeskova značajnijih aktivnosti u početnome desetljeću 21. stoljeća. Rad se temelji na temeljitoj analizi dosad neobjavljenih arhivskih izvora iz nekoliko različitih fondova, a ti su podaci dopunjeni intervjuima s pojedincima koji su u određenome razdoblju bili aktivni članovi Društva te sekundarnom literaturom. Riječ je o dosad slabo poznatim podacima, čak i unutar planinarskih krugova, stoga se ovim istraživanjem nastoji ne samo spasiti od zaborava djelovanje jedne planinarske udruge nego i adekvatno valorizirati njezin rad kao trajno naslijeđe lokalne, regionalne i nacionalne (planinarske) povijesti.
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