To meet the enormous expenses of maintaining its powerful navy, democratic Athens gave wealthy citizens responsibility for financing and commanding the fleet. Known as trierarchs—literally, ship ...commanders—they bore the expenses of maintaining and repairing the ships, as well as recruiting and provisioning their crews. The trierarchy grew into a powerful social institution that was indispensable to Athens and primarily responsible for the city's naval prowess in the classical period.
Financing the Athenian Fleet is the first full-length study of the financial, logistical, and social organization of the Athenian navy. Using a rich variety of sources, particularly the enormous body of inscriptions that served as naval records, Vincent Gabrielsen examines the development and function of the Athenian trierarchy and revises our understanding of the social, political, and ideological mechanisms of which that institution was a part. Exploring the workings, ships, and gear of Athens' navy, Gabrielsen explains how a huge, costly, and highly effective operation was run thanks to the voluntary service and contributions of the wealthy trierarchs. He concludes with a discussion of the broader implications of the relationship between Athens' democracy and its wealthiest citizens.
This is a marvelous book: an original, well-researched, and compelling treatment of the financial organization of the Atheniannavy, from which Gabrielsen expands our understanding of the functioning of Athens' democratic government. In particular, he addresses the topic of how democracy induced its richer members not to hide their money but to spend it on behalf of Athens. Gabrielsen has mastered a rich body of unusual—and fundamental—material which he presents with clarity and intelligence. This book is a major contribution to Athenian social history.—Robert Wallace, Northwestern University.
McCranie takes the reader from their grand strategic foundations of sea power and maritime strategy, through their ideas about naval warfare and strategy, to how Mahan and Corbett thought a navy ...should integrate with other instruments of national power, and finally, to how they thought states with powerful navies win wars.
To estimate the prevalence of domestic violence, sexual assault, and suicide for United States Navy (USN) personnel between 2010 and 2020 and identify potential associated factors.
Official report ...data were used to calculate prevalence rates and odds ratios, accounting for sample and general USN population demographic data to assess differences in over- or underrepresentation of destructive behaviors.
Domestic violence and sexual assault offenders tended to be younger lower-ranked males. For sexual assaults, offenders were three times more likely to be senior to the victim, which was not the case for domestic violence. Females were overrepresented in terms of suicidal ideation and attempts relative to the USN population, while males accounted for more actual suicides. The relative rates of suicidal ideation and attempts for females exceeded those for males (i.e., comparing the sample rate against the USN male and female populations), but the sample proportion for completed suicides (compared to the USN population) were greater for males than for females. Those in the junior enlisted (E1-E3) paygrades exhibited greater odds of suicide attempts versus suicidal ideations relative to those in the Petty Officers (E4-E6) paygrades, although E4-E6s completed more suicides.
The descriptive profile of destructive behaviors in a representative sample of USN personnel provides an overview of the possible factors associated with destructive behaviors and includes an exploration of the relational dynamics and nature of the incidents. The results suggest that sexual assault and domestic violence are characterized by unique relational dynamics and that these destructive behaviors should not necessarily be classified together as male-oriented aggressions (i.e., mainly perpetrated by males against female victims). Those in the E1-E3 and E4-E6 paygrades displayed different patterns in suicidal ideation, attempts, and actual suicides. The results highlight individual characteristics to help inform the development of targeted policies, practices, and interventions for military and other hierarchical organizations (e.g., police).
La Flota de Tierra Firme fue uno de los principales sistemas navales de la Carrera de Indias. Tras varios ensayos previos, se estableció definitivamente en 1550 y su estructura se mantuvo inalterable ...hasta 1647A partir del estudio de prácticamente sus primeros cien años de vida (1550-1647), en este artículo se examina la organización de la Flota de Tierra Firme, sus medios de financiación, los navíos que la integraban, la tripulación que llevaba cada barco, la artillería que montaban sus bajeles, la ruta que empleaba para cruzar el Atlántico y los cargamentos que se guardaban en las bodegas de la nave.
AI at War Tangredi, Sam J; Galdorisi, George
2021, 2021-04-15
eBook
Sam J. Tangredi and George Galdorisi bring together over thirty experts, ranging from former DOD officials and retired flag officers to scientists and active duty junior officers. These contributors ...present views on a vast spectrum of subjects pertaining to the implementation of AI in modern warfare, including strategy, policy, doctrine, weapons, and ethical concerns.
In this book, Magnus Nordenman explores the emerging competition between the United States and its NATO allies and the resurgent Russian navy in the North Atlantic.
This article examines the utility of naval aviation, specifically the contribution of the British naval air arm to Operation Overlord. It argues that while there were practical reasons for carriers ...not being present directly off the Normandy beaches, British naval aviation supported the invasion both directly (from ashore, and from carriers operating at a distance) and indirectly, over a long period. It was also performing a range of other roles in several theatres. Navies and naval aviation contribute to campaigns in a way that is different to land-based forces; understanding this requires a bigger map and a longer timeline.
Despite their disagreements, proponents of deep engagement and offshore balancing share an optimistic but unrealistic assessment of U.S. military power. In particular, both sides in the debate over ...U.S. grand strategy underestimate the potential consequences of China's military modernization. China's antiaccess/area denial strategy and conventional precision-strike capabilities are already undermining the United States' ability to prevent local conflicts, protect longtime allies, and preserve freedom of the commons in East Asia. Whether the United States intends to uphold the status quo when threats emerge or adopt a wait-and-see approach to regional conflicts, it will need to adapt its military for power projection operations in much less permissive environments than it has become accustomed to during the unipolar era. These adaptations include developing air and undersea platforms that can survive inside denial zones, forward bases that are better able to withstand attacks, and satellite and cyberspace networks that are less vulnerable to disruption.
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