LONDON AND WASHINGTON Mobley, Richard A.
Naval War College review,
03/2021, Volume:
74, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Recently declassified British records reveal Lond on’s misgivings about America’s 1987 reflagging and escorting of Kuwaiti tankers amid the Iran-Iraq War. This early case study illustrates the ...chal-lenges of conducting coalition warfare in the Middle East, even with a close, cooperative partner. National-level differences revealed surmountable fissures in coordinating naval strategies and operations, yet the benefits of the relationship justified the friction encountered.
The American military experience in World War I and the influenza pandemic were closely intertwined. The war fostered influenza in the crowded conditions of military camps in the United States and in ...the trenches of the Western Front in Europe. The virus traveled with military personnel from camp to camp and across the Atlantic, and at the height of the American military involvement in the war, September through November 1918, influenza and pneumonia sickened 20% to 40% of U.S. Army and Navy personnel. These high morbidity rates interfered with induction and training schedules in the United States and rendered hundreds of thousands of military personnel non-effective. During the American Expeditionary Forces' campaign at Meuse-Argonne, the epidemic diverted urgently needed resources from combat support to transporting and caring for the sick and the dead. Influenza and pneumonia killed more American soldiers and sailors during the war than did enemy weapons.
The current analysis is play a dominant role in opinion mining is additionally referred to as sentiment analysis because of clear volume of opinion made net resource like discussion type, review ...sites, blogs, and tweets area unit on the market in digital type. Sentiment analysis is that the field of study that analyzes client opinion, feedback, sentiment analysis, attitudes and feeling from communication. At intervals fraction second, we have a tendency to classify the text in several manner in several seconds. It's one in all the active analysis areas in linguistic communication process NLP. There are a unit range of techniques we want to classify the Opinion reviews. The main problematic in the sentiment analysis is to understand the usage of negation and the taxonomy of positive and negative sentiments recorded by the users in the social group. The proposed approach that extracts and classifies opinion words from one domain called source domain and predicts opinion words of another domain called target domain using a semi-supervised approach, its combines modified maximum entropy and bipartite graph clustering. A comparison of opinionclassification of reviews on four different product domains are presented. The results demonstrate that the proposed method perform relatively well in comparison to the other methods. Comparison of SentiWordNet of domain-specific and domain-independent words reveals that on an average 72.6% and 88.4% words, respectively, are correctly classified.
The making of the international system from c. 1500 reflected distinctively maritime dynamics, especially “gunboat diplomacy,” or the use of naval force for commercial gain. Comparisons between ...civilizations and across time show, first, that gunboat diplomacy was peculiarly European and, second, that it evolved through stages. For the majority of the modern era, violence was central to the commercial strategies of European state, private, and hybrid actors alike in the wider world. In contrast, large and small non-Western polities almost never sought to advance mercantile aims through naval coercion. European exceptionalism reflected a structural trade deficit, regional systemic dynamics favoring armed trade, and mercantilist beliefs. Changes in international norms later restricted the practice of gunboat diplomacy to states, as private navies became illegitimate. More generally, a maritime perspective suggests the need for a reappraisal of fundamental conceptual divisions and shows how the capital- and technology-intensive nature of naval war allowed relatively small European powers to be global players. It also explains how European expansion and the creation of the first global international system was built on dominance at sea centuries before Europeans’ general military superiority on land.
What is the relationship between oil and coercion? For decades states have worried that their dependence on oil gives producers a potential lever of coercion. The size, integration, and ...sophistication of the current oil market, however, are thought to have greatly attenuated, if not eliminated, the coercive potential of oil. The best way to analyze the current global oil market is by viewing it as a series of distinct market segments, from upstream production to midstream transport to downstream refining, with the potential for coercion varying across them. Oil-producing states do not have the greatest coercive potential in the international oil market. Instead, the United States remains the dominant presence, though its dominance has shifted from production—where it resided prior to World War II—to the maritime environment. These findings are significant for scholars' and policymakers' understanding of the relationship between oil and coercion. More generally, they suggest that studies of the potential for states to coerce others using economic instruments should take into account differences in the structure of markets for different goods.
CFTR, the ABC protein defective in cystic fibrosis, functions as an anion channel. Once phosphorylated by protein kinase A, a CFTR channel is opened and closed by events at its two cytosolic ...nucleotide binding domains (NBDs). Formation of a head-to-tail NBD1/NBD2 heterodimer, by ATP binding in two interfacial composite sites between conserved Walker A and B motifs of one NBD and the ABC-specific signature sequence of the other, has been proposed to trigger channel opening. ATP hydrolysis at the only catalytically competent interfacial site is suggested to then destabilize the NBD dimer and prompt channel closure. But this gating mechanism, and how tightly CFTR channel opening and closing are coupled to its catalytic cycle, remains controversial. Here we determine the distributions of open burst durations of individual CFTR channels, and use maximum likelihood to evaluate fits to equilibrium and nonequilibrium mechanisms and estimate the rate constants that govern channel closure. We examine partially and fully phosphorylated wild-type CFTR channels, and two mutant CFTR channels, each bearing a deleterious mutation in one or other composite ATP binding site. We show that the wild-type CFTR channel gating cycle is essentially irreversible and tightly coupled to the ATPase cycle, and that this coupling is completely destroyed by the NBD2 Walker B mutation D1370N but only partially disrupted by the NBD1 Walker A mutation K464A.
In a non-uniform electric field, the surface charge of the deformable particle is polarized, resulting in the dielectrophoretic force acting on the surface of the particle, which causes the ...electrophoresis. Due to dielectrophoretic force, the two deformable particles approach each other, and distort the flow field between them, which cause the hydrodynamic force correspondingly. The dielectrophoresis (DEP) force and the hydrodynamic force together form the net force acting on the particles. In this paper, based on a thin electric double layer (EDL) assumption, we developed a mathematical model under the arbitrary Lagrangian⁻Eulerian (ALE) numerical approach method to simulate the flow field, electric field, and deformable particles simultaneously. Simulation results show that, when two deformable particles' distances are in a certain range, no matter the initial position of the two particles immersed in the fluid field, the particles will eventually form a particle⁻particle chain parallel to the direction of the electric field. In actual experiments, the biological cells used are deformable. Compared with the previous study on the DEP motion of the rigid particles, the research conclusion of this paper provides a more rigorous reference for the design of microfluidics.
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