Cloud Computing is revolutionizing smart manufacturing by offering on-demand and scalable computer systems that facilitate plant data analysis and operational efficiency optimization. DevOps is a ...methodology, widely used for developing Cloud Computing systems, that streamlines software development by improving its integration, delivery, and deployment. Although cloud application designers within a DevOps team are assumed to have development and operational knowledge, this does not fall within the skills of experts that design analytics applications of plant data. The deployment environment is also relevant since, as such applications are often hosted in the Fog, the proliferation of application components may hinder their composition and validation. This work is aimed at embracing the Platform Engineering approach to provide a tailored toolkit that guides the design and development of OpenFog compliant applications for the experts in the Smart Manufacturing domain. The platform uses Model Driven Engineering techniques and a flow-based visual editor to allow application designers to graphically compose applications from components previously delivered by component developers, abstracting them from the underlying technologies. As a result, containerized applications, ready to be deployed and run by a container orchestrator, are obtained. The feasibility of the proposal is proved through an industrial case study.
•Smart Manufacturing’s (domain) stakeholders differ from traditional DevOps teams.•Separation of concerns and cooperation can be achieved through MDE techniques.•Modeling in our methodology allows stakeholders to focus on their concerns.•Proposed model-transformations ease and automate stakeholder’s interoperability.•Our platform automates graphical composition of Dockerized application components.
Information and communication technologies play an important role in reforming traditional agriculture as well as agricultural development. In this context and to benefit from these technologies, a ...new irrigation strategy is proposed in this paper. A zoning irrigation system based on Internet of Things (IoT) is developed and tested, where the main objectives are the optimization of plant growing conditions and the reduction of water use and energy consumption. The proposed system based on a Wireless Sensors Network (WSN) was installed in different considered zones of a greenhouse. This network sends the data from the plant environment, such as soil humidity and temperature to a server (Raspberry pi) by means of radio-frequency (RF) communication. To control the irrigation, a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) processes these data and makes an intelligent and optimal decision. The developed system can monitor and control the irrigation in the greenhouse from anywhere and at any time by using a Human Man Interface (HMI) developed under Node-RED of IBM. The proposed system was applied to irrigate tomato plants in a real environment. Comparison of the irrigation performance with three other irrigation techniques shows that the amount of water and the consumption of energy by adopting the proposed method decreased significantly.
Summary
The paper proposes the use of Node‐RED, a flow‐based programming tool targeted to Internet of Things (IoT), along with a series of case studies related to different IoT contexts, which ...demonstrate Node‐RED's potentialities and outcomings toward the realization of well‐structured IoT environments. The analyzed applications potentially include a wide range of domains, ranging from smart cities, smart buildings, smart homes/offices, smart retailing, to smart transportation, smart logistics, smart agriculture, smart health, military scenarios, and so on. The motivations behind the presented work are related to the fact that IoT application fields usually involve the same technologies and communication protocols, which are frequently adopted for totally different purposes. Issues such as systems' interoperabiliy, scalability, security and privacy naturally emerge, due to the huge amount of heterogeneous devices acting in the IoT environment itself and to the wireless nature of information transmissions. As a consequence, it is fundamental to dispose of adequate tools for supporting developers in design the network architecture and messages' exchange, in order to realize efficient and effective IoT network infrastructures.
A clever and efficient management of transport and logistics are fundamental in manufacturer companies, starting to adopt new methodologies, inspired to the emerging industry 4.0 principles. Such a ...behavior is influenced by the spreading of the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm, helping to automate a lot of features, if not all, of products' management, from raw materials' purchase order to the final delivery to customers. Small and medium industries must face design issues and noncustomized solutions may not fit with their habitual data flow. Hence, the need of a tool, able to support designers and developers in defining the network architecture and messages' exchange, emerges. To this end, the use of Node‐RED, a flow‐based programming tool for the IoT, is proposed, by providing a comprehensive case study targeted to smart transport and logistics.
Information and operational technologies merge into the so-called industrial Internet of Things, which is one of the basic pillars of the Industry 4.0 paradigm. Roughly speaking, yet-to-come services ...will be offered in the automation scenario by industrial devices having an internet connection for sharing data in the cloud. Currently, most efforts are in the development of protocols able to ensure horizontal interoperability among heterogeneous applications. Consequently, poor attention is devoted to time-related performance. In this paper, a new, full software, platform-independent approach is proposed for experimentally evaluating the delay in transferring information across local and intercontinental routes by applications leveraging on messaging middleware. The application is realized using the node-RED web-based framework, due to its availability on different platforms; the widely accepted message queue telemetry transport protocol has been chosen thanks to its low overhead and complexity. For sake of completeness, five different, private and public, brokers are used. The adopted industrial-grade hardware, complemented by global positioning system time reference, permits an overall synchronization and timestamping accuracy of a few milliseconds. The vast measurement campaign highlighted that, generally, quality of service (QoS) type 1 offers low end-to-end delay (average value less than 0.5 s) with reduced variability (0.1 s). However, the maximum end-to-end one-way delay ranges from 1 s for QoS 0 to less than 1.5 s for fully acknowledged QoS 2.
Industry 4.0 is characterized by a new way of organizing the company to end complex hierarchical structures. It is therefore necessary to merge ICT techniques with industrial technologies. In ...Industry 4.0, embedded systems, IoT technologies and CPS link the virtual space to the physical world to give rise to a new generation of connected factories called "smart". In this paper, we aim to contribute to the digitalization of an industrial case, namely: level detection. We started to retrieve the data from the PLC via Node-RED, then we set up two supervision systems: local and remote via Ubidots and finally we stored all the actions in the MongoDB database. This contribution facilitates the integration of digitalization in the industry, it also ensures in a simple way the transition from a 3.0 factory to a 4.0 factory.
ABSTRAKWireless Sensor Network merupakan suatu solusi potensial dalam sistem manajemen gedung agar pengelolaan sumber daya gedung menjadi lebih efektif. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai implementasi ...wsn pada sistem manajemen gedung dengan menerapkan metode komunikasi Modbus TCP. Sistem terdiri dari monitoring volume sampah, pengendalian kunci pintu, tombol emergency dan sistem pengawasan video dengan memanfaatkan dashboard Node-RED dan Platform IoT Ubidots. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sistem berfungsi sesuai program yang dibuat dengan nilai rata-rata error pembacaan sensor 2,52%, maksimal jarak antara Node sensor dengan Node sink yaitu 20 meter. Tingkat keberhasilan sistem kontrol kunci pintu melalui dashboard Node-RED dan Ubidots sebesar 100 % dengan masing-masing rata-rata delay sebesar 225ms dan 489 ms kemudian nilai rata-rata delay pengiriman pesan notifikasi whatsapp sebesar 2504 ms.Kata kunci: WSN, Building, Modbus TCP, Raspberry Pi, Node-RED ABSTRACTWireless Sensor Network is a potential solution in building management systems so that building resource management becomes more effective. This study discusses the implementation of wsn on building management systems by applying the MODBUS TCP communication method. The system consists of garbage volume monitoring, door lock control, emergency buttons and a video surveillance system utilizing the Node-RED dashboard and Ubidots IoT Platform. The test results showed that the system functioned according to the program created with an average sensor reading error value of 2.52%, the maximum distance between the sensor Node and node sink is 20 meters. The success rate of the door lock control system through the Node-RED and Ubidots dashboards is 100% with an average delay of 225ms and 489 ms respectively and the average delay of whatsapp notification message delivery is 2504 ms.Keywords: WSN, Building, Modbus TCP, Raspberry Pi, Node-RED
Smart Cities are approaching the Internet of Things (IoT) World. Most of the first-generation Smart City solutions are based on Extract Transform Load (ETL); processes and languages that mainly ...support pull protocols for data gathering. IoT solutions are moving forward to event-driven processes using push protocols. Thus, the concept of IoT applications has turned out to be widespread; but it was initially "implemented" with ETL; rule-based solutions; and finally; with true data flows. In this paper, these aspects are reviewed, highlighting the requirements for smart city IoT applications and in particular, the ones that implement a set of specific MicroServices for IoT Applications in Smart City contexts. Moreover; our experience has allowed us to implement a suite of MicroServices for Node-RED; which has allowed for the creation of a wide range of new IoT applications for smart cities that includes dashboards, IoT Devices, data analytics, discovery, etc., as well as a corresponding Life Cycle. The proposed solution has been validated against a large number of IoT applications, as it can be verified by accessing the https://www.Snap4City.org portal; while only three of them have been described in the paper. In addition, the reported solution assessment has been carried out by a number of smart city experts. The work has been developed in the framework of the Select4Cities PCP (PreCommercial Procurement), funded by the European Commission as Snap4City platform.
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