The mining industry of Poland is based mostly on coal and copper ores. Strict carbon emissions and the depletion of deposits will slowly phase out coal. Therefore, metallic ores and other mineral raw ...materials will dominate the extractive industry of Poland. Current measured resources of the largest deposits of halloysite and diatomaceous earth in Poland are over 0.5 Mt and 10 Mt, respectively. Halloysite and diatomaceous earth samples from halloysite Dunino deposits and Jawornik diatomaceous earth deposits (composed mostly of diatomaceous skeletons (frustules)) were subjected to mineralogical analysis, scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) nanostructural, chemical, elemental, and mineral content analysis. Both these minerals have similar properties, i.e., sorption capacity and cation exchange capacity, and are used mostly for the same purposes, e.g., adsorbents, filler material, and filtration. Samples of Dunino halloysite consist of minerals such as halloysite, kaolinite, hematite, magnetite, quartz, magnesioferrite, rutile, ilmenite, geikielite, goyazite, gorceixite, and crandallite, with little impurities in the form of iron oxides. Occasionally, halloysite nanoplates (HNP) nanotubes (HNT) were found. Diatomaceous earth is composed mainly of silica-containing phases (quartz, opal) and clay minerals (illite and kaolinite). The frustules of diatoms are mostly centric (discoid) and have radius values of approximately 50–60 μm. Large resources of these minerals could be used in the future either for manufacturing composite materials or highly advanced adsorbents.
Crossing the Line ALEKSIUN, NATALIA
Jewish history,
03/2020, Volume:
33, Issue:
1/2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
This article examines anti-Jewish violence in the Second Polish Republic through the lens of gender. By focusing on verbal and physical attacks against female Jewish students at Polish universities ...in the 1930s, it highlights the radicalization of the antisemitic movement among Poland’s future elite. Jewish women experienced discrimination and increasingly also violence at Polish universities as Jews and as women. The assaults suggest the need to examine both gender and Jewish differences. Although all Jewish students were targets of violent antisemitic attacks, women were especially vulnerable when they dared transgress gender boundaries by acting in “unfeminine ways” and signifying their intellectual empowerment—talking back, resisting, or defending Jewish men under attack. Indeed, Jewish women who stood up to their attackers transgressed the norms of both gender and Jewishness, and were thus doubly exposed to aggression and violence. Using the contemporary Jewish press, university archives, memoirs and testimonies, the female Jewish experience and the response of male Jewish students and community activists are reconstructed. Understanding these assaults as a window into gender politics in Jewish student associations, the Jewish press and Jewish communal institutions, the author examines their place in the public discourse of the Second Polish Republic.
Two Rings Werber, Millie; Keller, Eve
2012, 2012-03-27
eBook
At the heart of this wrenching memoir of a teenage girl's wartime survival is something utterly unexpected: a love story that blazes briefly in a dark corner of occupied Poland.
The Russian invasion of Ukraine initially raised the prospect of a coal resurgence in Poland and the European Union, as coal was expected to be the secure, domestic, and dependable energy source ...amidst the crisis. However, empirical research has revealed a starkly different reality. Coal, instead of becoming a stabilizing force, exacerbated instability in the Polish energy sector, laying bare the country's heavy dependence on Russian coal and imports.
The already-strained expectations around coal utility and performance have further eroded, with few champions left to advocate for its revival. Governments are actively promoting alternative energy sources like nuclear, natural gas, and renewables, while even coal unions have shifted focus from coal's resurgence to safeguarding social benefits. Positive visions for non-coal technologies and fuels are gaining traction, while coal's once-potent appeal has faded. This study finds that, indeed, the war-induced crisis did not reverse the decline of the vision of coal as the cornerstone of the Polish energy system; instead, it accelerated its demise. While alternative visions gain strength, a coherent and positive vision for Poland's non-coal energy future remains elusive.
The implications extend to the EU, where shared decarbonization goals seem more secure, as for the time being, Poland is unlikely to spearhead a campaign to rescue coal. Thus, the war has not revitalized coal but rather reinforced alternative energy pathways, ultimately solidifying the direction of Poland's energy transition.
Research on Jewish artistic life in interwar Warsaw, especially in the context of the activities of the Jewish Society for the Encouragement of Fine Arts (Żydowskie Towarzystwo Krzewienia Sztuk ...Pięknych), reveals active and numerousparticipation of women, both artists and art lovers (by and large a group of professionals, bourgeois, political and social activists, Jewish art collectors). In the article, special attention is paid to Tea Arciszewska and Diana Eigerowa, a collector and philanthropist, the founder of the Samuel Hirszenberg scholarship for students of the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw. The author, using selected examples, discusses the role of artists in the artistic community, their individual exhibitions in the Jewish Society for the Encouragement of Fine Arts (Stanisława Centnerszwerowa, Regina Mundlak), a group of young artists living in Paris (Alicja Hohermann, Zofia Bornstein, Pola Lindenfeld, Estera Karp), as well as a circle of art lovers and patrons, some of whom—such as Tea Arciszewska and Paulina Apenszlak—also dealt with art criticism.
This work was aimed to examine the capability of Fe-Mn wastes produced by water treatment plant for arsenic sorption and immobilization in highly contaminated soils. In a batch experiment, As (III) ...and As (V) sorption on Fe-Mn wastes was examined at various initial concentrations of arsenic (200–800mgL−1), various pH conditions (pH in the range 4.5–9.5), and different contact time (1−20h). Arsenic sorption depended on As species; and the amounts of As (III) adsorbed were by several fold higher compared to As (V). The maximum sorption capacity of As on Fe-Mn material was over 40mgkg−1 at initial As (III) concentration 800mgL−1 and shaking time 2h (22°C). Corresponding sorption capacity of As (V) in the same conditions was only 12.3mgkg−1. The waste material was used in an incubation experiment with two highly contaminated soils collected from the area affected by former arsenic mining and processing. Total As concentrations in silt loam (soil I) and sandy loam (II) were 3619 and 1836mgAskg−1, respectively. The Fe-Mn-rich wastes were applied to soils at the rates: 0.2, 1.0 and 5.0g d.m. per 100g (treatments: Fe1, Fe2, and Fe3, respectively), corresponding to 7.2, 36 and 180Mgha−1, respectively. Additionally, the effects of simultaneous sewage sludge application to soils were examined. Sewage sludge was applied at two rates, equivalent of 45 and 100Mg d.m.·ha−1 (SS1 and SS2). Soils were incubated for 5months under changing water conditions (altering watering and drying), and thereafter As solubility in soils was determined in the extraction with 0.05M (NH4)2SO4. Application of increasing doses of Fe-Mn wastes to both soils resulted in substantial decrease of As extractability. The presence of SS had apparently reverse impact on As solubility, and reduced the effect of immobilization particularly at lower rates of Fe-Mn wastes.
Conditions of the formation of key elements of the water balance, such as precipitation and runoff, and relations between them in the mountain catchment area are very complicated, conditioned both by ...the climatic factor and the physiographic characteristics of the catchment area. The aim of the study is to determine relations between precipitation and runoff in the Kłodzka Valley (KV) located in mountain areas of south-western Poland. Analyzes were based on precipitation in KV and discharges of the Nysa Kłodzka River and its tributaries, recorded in hydrological years 1974–2013. The bivariate Archimedean copulas were used to describe the degree of synchronicity between these variables. The study area shows a considerable variability in the conditions of transformation of precipitation into runoff. It is conditioned both by the pluvial regime and the physical-geographical characteristics of the catchment area. As a result, sub-catchments with diversified hydrological activity and their role in the formation of water resources of the entire KV were identified. Among them, the Biała Lądecka River sub-catchment was found to be the most hydrologically active, and the sub-catchment of Bystrzyca Dusznicka River the most inert, despite e.g. quite similar synchronicity of precipitation compared to the average precipitation in KV. At the same time, the KV rivers are characterized by different types of runoff regime and characteristic of the water balance structure. The methodology presented can be useful in determining dependencies between selected elements of the water balance and evaluation of water resources availability in source areas of mountain rivers.
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