Cet article étudie la façon dont certains membres de l’ethnie matsigenka, une population arawak du sud-est de l’Amazonie péruvienne, s’approprient et font vivre l’unité administrative au sein de ...laquelle ils se trouvent aujourd’hui regroupés, c’est-à-dire celle de la « communauté autochtone » (comunidad nativa). C’est le processus de formation de Palotoa-Teparo, petite communauté administrative matsigenka du département du Madre de Dios, qui sera en particulier étudié. On verra comment les Matsigenka ainsi regroupés en « communauté » reprennent à leur compte le répertoire administratif imposé par l’État, combien ils s’approprient son lexique et ses outils de manière à construire une représentativité politique qui leur est propre. De la sorte, ce sont des ramifications de l’État qu’ils ne cessent de reproduire, tout en exerçant, mutatis mutandis, une forme d’autonomie politique sur le territoire qui leur a été reconnu – aussi exigu soit-il.
Despite vast research on women's descriptive representation, little is known about its influence on women's political engagement in East and Southeast Asia where gender norms are different from those ...in other parts of the world. I theorize that the discrepancy between women's political and social rights in the region makes it difficult for women to envision themselves as equal to their male counterparts. Thus, women are less reluctant to play a "man's game" even when they see female political leaders. Using a multilevel model with data from the Asian Barometer Survey and various additional sources, I examine the impact of female parliamentarians in the region and find that they significantly reduce women's political participation. My results suggest that the female legislators' role model effect found in existing literature on Western democracies does not apply to East and Southeast Asia. Instead, female political leaders generate a backlash effect on women's political engagement. This research raises implications for the role of context in the effectiveness of women's symbolic representation and calls for further exploration on the connection between women's symbolic and descriptive representation.
Do donor states reward recipient states for signaling a commitment to expanding the role of women in political decision making? Previous studies show that women are associated with positive outcomes ...for peace duration and governance. We theorize that donor states reward recipient states that make a commitment to women's empowerment in political decision making and test our hypotheses using data on the distribution of US foreign aid to recipient states. We find that recipient states that adopt legislative quotas and include more women in their parliaments receive more aid, although a female head of government is not associated with more aid.
The functioning of the ISSP Managing Council (MC) during the early years was influenced to some degree by the Cold War. MC members were determined according to their acknowledged expertise and ...reputation, but also in respect to their country and political representation. Bob Singer was elected to be a member of the MC in 1977 at the congress in Prague. It was the first time that voting at the general assembly meeting was agreed upon for nominating and voting for MC members together with those members designated by the former MC. In 1985 he was elected as the third president of ISSP. A new phase in ISSP started and new goals were established. A more democratic style of communication and interactions among MC members were stimulated, agendas for the MC meetings were well organized, promotion of the ISSP’s mission all over the world was developed, new publications were produced, and new relations with other parts of the world as well as with other organizations were promoted.
Drawing on the theory of representative bureaucracy, specifically the theory of symbolic representation, we examine whether or not gender representativeness in a police department's domestic violence ...unit influences how citizens judge the agency's performance, trustworthiness, and fairness. To examine this question, we use an online survey experiment in which we vary the representation of female police officers in a hypothetical domestic violence unit as well as the agency's performance. Results suggest that gender representation does indeed influence the perceived job performance, trustworthiness, and fairness of the agency, as does the agency's performance. Thus, this study suggests that the symbolic representativeness of the police does causally influence how citizens view and judge a law enforcement agency, and thus in turn perhaps their willingness to cooperate in the coproduction of public safety outcomes.
The United Nations contributes to the invention of the Global South in its various manifestations. In parallel, the Global South is converted, as it is constructed, into a principle for organization, ...reference and positioning at the United Nations. It also aspires to form a factor for change in and by the international body. Although the UN has offered countries in the Global South political recognition, a platform for expression and self-assertion, and measures to make themselves heard and to alter the international order, it has not succeeded in fully integrating these parties. Their representation remains imperfect, and their demands unmet. As such, the benefits granted by the United Nations to the Global South have been ambivalent: the organization corrects the forms of domination, but does not put an end to them.
The author analyses various social movements characteristic of post-industrial societies as indications of a profund transformation of the logic and the mechanisms underlying contemporary society. He ...outlines his interpretation of the collective action proposed by the new "post-political" movements: youth, women, national minorities and ethnic groups as well as ecology groups.These movements are considered as "post-political" in the sense that they do not fit into traditional analyses of political organization and action in industrial societies. The modes of analysis appropriate to political action in industrial societies may constitute more of a hindrance than a help to our understanding of these movements.One may well ask whether the term "movements" is the most appropriate. Perhaps it would be more useful to speak in terms of "focal points" or informal networks. It would seem, in any case, that our analysis must be radically different than in the case of the politically organized collective actor. Should these new forms of organization and action be seen simply as a breakdown of traditional behaviour? Or would it be more useful to say that we are facing a new model of organization of the collective actor which poses the problem of the relationship between these movements and the traditional systems of political representation and organization.
The regression discontinuity (RD) design is a valuable tool for identifying electoral effects, but this design is only effective when relevant actors do not have precise control over election ...results. Several recent papers contend that such precise control is possible in large elections, pointing out that the incumbent party is more likely to win very close elections in the United States House of Representatives in recent periods. In this article, we examine whether similar patterns occur in other electoral settings, including the U.S. House in other time periods, statewide, state legislative, and mayoral races in the U.S. and national or local elections in nine other countries. No other case exhibits this pattern. We also cast doubt on suggested explanations for incumbent success in close House races. We conclude that the assumptions behind the RD design are likely to be met in a wide variety of electoral settings and offer a set of best practices for RD researchers going forward.
This article presents evidence from 18 European countries showing that where levels of corruption are high, the proportion of women elected is low. We hypothesize that corruption indicates the ...presence of ‘shadowy arrangements’ that benefit the already privileged and pose a direct obstacle to women when male-dominated networks influence political parties’ candidate selection. There is also an indirect signal effect derived from citizen’s experiences with a broad range of government authorities. The article uses data that are more fine-grained than usual in this literature. We conduct an empirical test on a new dataset on locally elected councilors in 167 regions in Europe. Using a novel measure of regional quality of government and corruption we perform a multi-level analysis with several regional- and national-level controls. This study provides a unique picture of the proportion of women in locally elected assemblies throughout Europe and a new way of understanding the variations found.
Constituency service is a crucial concept for understanding the nature and intensity of the links between representatives and their constituents. However, studies have been inconsistent about the ...meaning of constituency service, its causes and consequences, justifying a systematic analysis of where we stand in this field of studies. This article conducts a scoping literature review of 198 studies on constituency service published between 1975 and 2021. It aims to answer the following questions: how has constituency service been defined? Which research designs are commonly used when studying it? And what are its driving factors and political effects? These questions are answered using a dataset that codes each study along several dimensions tapping into conceptualization, research design, explanatory factors, and effects. The analysis shows that this field of research has grown significantly over the last decade, covering more activities (inside and outside the geographic constituency) and countries, with increased methodological pluralism. This review makes an original contribution by charting the main trends in the study of constituency service, advancing a dynamic conceptualization of constituency service, and opening up new avenues for research on the subject.
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