Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis butir soal dalam bentuk pilihan ganda dengan maksud mengevaluasi tingkat validitasnya, mengukur reliabilitasnya, menilai tingkat kesulitannya, ...serta mengidentifikasi daya pembedanya. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 15 peserta didik kelas IV di SD YP Nasional. Pendekatan yang diterapkan adalah metode penelitian deskriptif berbasis data kuantitatif. Data dalam penelitian ini dikumpulkan menggunakan instrumen tes berupa 20 soal pilihan ganda yang terkait dengan materi Konsep Gaya. Data dianalisis menggunakan software SPSS. Hasil studi ini mengindikasikan bahwa sebanyak 55% dari soal masuk dalam kategori valid, sedangkan 45% soal termasuk dalam kategori tidak valid. Selain itu, reliabilitas soal dikatakan rendah dengan nilai R sebesar 0,647. Tingkat kesukaran soal menunjukkan bahwa satu soal termasuk dalam kategori sulit, sembilan soal berada pada tingkat kesulitan sedang, dan sepuluh soal termasuk dalam kategori mudah. Adapun dalam hal daya pembeda, terdapat 35% soal yang memiliki daya pembeda baik, 20% soal dengan daya pembeda sedang, dan 45% soal dengan daya pembeda rendah.
Spontaneous portosystemic shunts (SPSS) frequently develop in liver cirrhosis. Recent data suggested that the presence of a single large SPSS is associated with complications, especially overt ...hepatic encephalopathy (oHE). However, the presence of >1 SPSS is common. This study evaluates the impact of total cross-sectional SPSS area (TSA) on outcomes in patients with liver cirrhosis.
In this retrospective international multicentric study, CT scans of 908 cirrhotic patients with SPSS were evaluated for TSA. Clinical and laboratory data were recorded. Each detected SPSS radius was measured and TSA calculated. One-year survival was the primary endpoint and acute decompensation (oHE, variceal bleeding, ascites) was the secondary endpoint.
A total of 301 patients (169 male) were included in the training cohort. Thirty percent of all patients presented with >1 SPSS. A TSA cut-off of 83 mm2 was used to classify patients with small or large TSA (S-/L-TSA). Patients with L-TSA presented with higher model for end-stage liver disease score (11 vs. 14) and more commonly had a history of oHE (12% vs. 21%, p <0.05). During follow-up, patients with L-TSA experienced more oHE episodes (33% vs. 47%, p <0.05) and had lower 1-year survival than those with S-TSA (84% vs. 69%, p <0.001). Multivariate analysis identified L-TSA (hazard ratio 1.66; 95% CI 1.02–2.70, p <0.05) as an independent predictor of mortality. An independent multicentric validation cohort of 607 patients confirmed that patients with L-TSA had lower 1-year survival (77% vs. 64%, p <0.001) and more oHE development (35% vs. 49%, p <0.001) than those with S-TSA.
This study suggests that TSA >83 mm2 increases the risk for oHE and mortality in patients with cirrhosis. Our results support the clinical use of TSA/SPSS for risk stratification and decision-making in the management of patients with cirrhosis.
The prevalence of spontaneous portosystemic shunts (SPSS) is higher in patients with more advanced chronic liver disease. The presence of more than 1 SPSS is common in advanced chronic liver disease and is associated with the development of hepatic encephalopathy. This study shows that total cross-sectional SPSS area (rather than diameter of the single largest SPSS) predicts survival in patients with advanced chronic liver disease. Our results support the clinical use of total cross-sectional SPSS area for risk stratification and decision-making in the management of SPSS.
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•Total cross-sectional SPSS area (TSA) predicts survival in patients with advanced chronic liver disease.•The cut-off for TSA that is associated with worse survival corresponds to a single shunt of >10 mm diameter.•This study may impact on the clinical use of TSA/SPSS for risk stratification and decision-making in the management of patients with cirrhosis.
In the process of implementing a project, few people find projects that go according to plan. In general, there are projects that are behind schedule, both in terms of time and schedule, but there ...are also projects that experience acceleration from the originally planned schedule. Project delay is a problem that arises as a result of unplanned construction implementation. Damage to the state due to additional costs and delays is one of the impacts of project delays. The purpose of this research is to track project implementation, identify factors that cause delays, calculate the cost of delays that occur, find root causes and suggest alternative solutions that can be used to anticipate project delays. Monitoring and evaluating delays require an approach that includes the use of Microsoft Project Tracking, Fishbone Charts, and Root Cause Analysis. Alternative methods are used to track performance and analyze delays in public service building projects. The results showed a lack of understanding of human resources in terms of planning/evaluating existing plans, lack of training programs related to the field of work being handled, and poor schedule planning causing a lack of lightning rods, installation in the main building, lighting in changing rooms, grounding systems, central duct/airline, less power cables than needed and original water source using PAM water converted into deep pumping wells.
This study aims to determine the effect of using Excel and SPSS on student learning outcomes in advanced statistics courses. This type of research is quantitative research with experimental research ...designs. The action taken is an effort to develop learning technology, namely the constructivism learning approach that is packaged in statistical learning through the use of Excel and SPSS. Based on the analysis of learning outcomes data from statistical learning without the help of programs, with the help of Excel and SPSS programs, there is no significant effect of using Excel and SPSS programs on student learning outcomes. There are several things that cause the use of Excel and SPSS programs do not affect student learning outcomes, namely (1) Inadequate infrastructure, (2) students 'basic statistical skills are still low and (3) students' interest in learning statistics is still low.
INTRODUCCIÓN. El estudio de la asociación entre dos
variables se expresa de forma analítica con el estadístico
denominado coeficiente de correlación. Con frecuencia, encontramos
asociaciones de ...magnitud relevante pero que no alcanzan la
significación estadística, planteándonos entonces si el contraste de
hipótesis tiene la suficiente potencia estadística para detectar
diferencias cuando realmente existen. Desafortunadamente, SPSS no
ofrece el cálculo de la potencia estadística para los estudios de
asociación de variables cuantitativas. Por ello, se plantea el
cálculo de la potencia estadística mediante sintaxis de SPSS en el
escenario de estudios de asociación a través de un caso práctico.
MÉTODO. Se proporciona un fichero de sintaxis de SPSS para calcular
la potencia estadística en estudios de asociación. DISCUSIÓN. El uso
del fichero de sintaxis será de utilidad para aquellos
investigadores familiarizados con SPSS que necesiten realizar el
cálculo de la potencia estadística en estudios de
asociación.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan hasil belajar siswa dengan menggunakan e-comic fiqih sebagai media pembelajaran peserta didik dalam memahami tentang tata cara berwudhu dengan ...baik dan benar sesuai ajaran islam. Adapun jumlah responden 20 siswa kelas V Mi Ma’arif Ngering menggunakan teknik pengambilan data hasil observasi dan kuesioner. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis kuantitatif regresi dengan perhitungan software SPSS yang mampu memproses data statistik secara cepat dan akurat. Berdasarkan hasil yang diteliti dapat disimpulkan nilai rata-rata pembelajaran dengan menggunakan e-comic dan non-ecomic tingkat variabel independent sebesar 99.00 yang lebih tinggi dari variabel dependent dengan nilai sebesar 80.15.
Statistical Parametric Speech Synthesis has been most growing technique rather than the traditional approaches that we are used to synthesizing the speech. The shortcoming of traditional approaches ...will be overcome with latest statistical techniques. The main advantages of SPSS from traditional synthesis technique are that it has more flexibility to change the characteristics of voice and support more multiple languages i.e. multilingual, has good coverage of acoustic ` and robustness. It generates high quality of speech from small training database. Deep Neural network and Hidden Morkov model are basic statistical parametric speech synthesis techniques. Gaussian mixture model, sinusoidal model are also under this categories. Features were extracted in two type spectral features like spectral bandwidth, spectral centroid etc. and excitation features like F0 frequencies etc. We are using 722 Punjabi phonemes. Using sound forge software we extracted the 200 wave file from 1 hour pre-recording wave file related to those phonemes. Each and every phonemes feature was extracted and saved in database. We were extracting 28 features of each phoneme. TTS text-to-speech system generates sounds or speech as a output when provided the text of Punjabi language. There were already many TTS are developed on different Indian languages. The system that we are trying to build is based only on Punjabi language.
The finite-time event-triggered stabilization is studied for a class of discrete-time nonlinear Markov jump singularly perturbed models with partially unknown transition probabilities (TPs). T-S ...fuzzy strategy is adopted to characterize the related nonlinear Markov jump singularly perturbed models. The control objective is to make sure that the system states remain within a bounded domain during a fixed-time interval. First, a mode-dependent event-triggered scheme is constructed to reduce the communication burden and save the network bandwidth. On that basis, by using a new Lyapunov function, a developed finite-time stability criterion is derived for the corresponding system to avoid an ill-conditioned issue due to a small singular perturbation parameter. Moreover, the mode-dependent fuzzy controller gain and the event-triggered parameter are co-designed under the framework of partially unknown TPs. Finally, the feasibility of the main results is provided to verify the finite-time event-triggered control strategy.
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