The distribution and communities of two annual grasses Crypsis aculeata and Heleochloa schoenoides were studied in Slovakia during 2003-2007. Herbarium and field data were used to reconstruct the ...occurrence of both taxa. A strong decline in C. aculeata localities was observed. This was mainly due to the destruction of periodically flooded saline habitats. By contrast, the occurrence of H. schenoides was changed only slightly. This species survives in secondary habitats (rural roads, field margins, field depressions). Point maps of historical and recent distribution are presented. Halophile vegetation of Crypsis aculeata and Heleochloa schoenoides has been sampled with the adapted Braun-Blanquet method. All collected relevés have been classified using the JUICE software. The results showed that the Crypsidetum aculeate Wenzl 1934 community is missing now in Slovakia, but Heleochloetum schoenoidis (Soó 1933) Topa 1939 was still recorded at a few sites. However, the community contained many ruderal plant species.
Raziskave razširjenosti dveh enoletnih trav Crypsis aculeata in Heleochloa schoenoides smo raziskovali na Slovaškem med letoma 2003 in 2007. Za rekonstrukcijo pojavljanja obeh vrst smo uporabili herbarrijske in terenske podatke. Opazili smo močno upadanje števila nahajališč, kjer se pojavlja C. aculeata. Razlog je predvsem uničenje periodično poplavljenih slanih rastišč. Nasprotno pa se je pojavljanje vrste H. schenoides le malo spremenilo. Vrsta lahko uspeva tudi na sekundarnih rastiščih (kolovozi, robovi njiv, uleknine na njivah). Historično in recentno razširjenost smo prikazali na točkovnih kartah. Halofilno vegetacijo vrst Crypsis aculeata in Heleochloa schoenoides smo vzorčili s prilagojeno Braun-Blanquetovo metodo. Vse popisno gradivo smo klasificirali s programom JUICE. Rezultati so pokazali, da asociacije Crypsidetum aculeate Wenzl 1934 na Slovaškem ne najdemo več, medtem ko je bila asociacija Heleochloetum schoenoidis (Soó 1933) Topa 1939 najdena na nekaj rastiščih, vendar se v njej pojavljajo številne ruderalne rastlinske vrste.
Based on research of ruderal vegetation in the Horná Orava region in the 1980s and in 2005-2007, a list of neophytes was compiled. Thirty-three species of neophytes have been found, representing 6% ...of the overall flora. The geographical origin, family, life-history, life-form and status of invasion of these species were assessed. The biggest proportion of the species was of North American origin (49%), therophytes (49%) and members of the family Asteraceae (38%). Most of the neophytes are garden "escapees" and only few of them may be considered to be of potential hazard to the studied region, most particularly Fallopia japonica, Impatiens glandulifera and Solidago canadensis. Types of plant communities, where particular neophytes were found, and the foci of their distribution were evaluated as well. Neophytes are most abundant in communities of the class Galio-Urticetea, and especially of the alliance Senecionion fluviatilis. Comparing older and present data, trends in the progression of non-indigenous species in the Horná Orava region were predicted. It is apparent that the number of localities of invasive species is increasing and even other species that in the literature from the other regions are mentioned as invasive tend to spread through the area.
Na podlagi raziskav ruderalne vegetacije območja Horná Orava v osemdesetih letih prejšnjega stoletja in med letoma 2005 in 2007 smo sestavili seznam neofitskih vrst. Ugotovili smo triintrideset neofitov, ki pomenijo šest odstotkov celotne flore območja. Prikazali smo zemljepisni izvor, taksonomsko pripadnost, življenjsko dobo in obliko rastlin in status invazivnosti. Največji delež vrst je severnoameriškega izvora (49 odstotkov), so terofiti (49 odstotkov) in jih uvrščamo v družino Asteraceae (38 odstotkov). Večina neofitov je "ubežnikov" z vrtov in le nekaj jih je potencialno nevarnih za obravano območje, to so predvsem vrste Fallopia japonica, Impatiens glandulifera in Solidago canadensis. Ovrednotili smo tudi rastlinske združbe, v katerih se neofiti pojavljajo, in žarišča njihovega razširjanja. Neofiti so najbolj pogosti v združbah razreda Galio-Urticetea in še posebej zveze Senecionion fluviatilis. S primerjavo starejših in sedanjih podatkov smo napovedali trende v razširjanju tujerodnih rastlinskih vrst na območju Horná Orava. Število rastišč z invazivnimi vrstami se je očitno povečalo, prav tako smo opazili razširjanje vrst, omenjenih v literaturi kot invazivne z drugih območj.
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Kako razlikovati Slovenijo in Slovaško? Imamo podobno ime, zastavo, jezik, osamosvojili smo se v približno istem času... Največje razlika je ta, da nikoli nismo bili prvaki v hokeju. Toda dokler obstaja upanje se ne predamo.
Bratislava: izjava Saša Poklač, lektorica slovenščine na Bratislavski univerzi in Kristina, slovaška študentka slovenščine in prevajalka leposlovnih književnih del, izjava Melicar Vaclav, ki je prevedel veliko slovenskih knjig. Posnetek Prešernove ulice v Bratislavi, slovaške galuške, primerjava besed ocvirki - oškvarky, pesnik -básnik.
Information:
Slovenia or Slovakia? Due to numerous similarities in language, symbols and the names, Slovenia is still mistaken for Slovakia and vice versa, even by world politicians.
Original language summary:
Slovenija ali Slovaška? Zaradi mnogih podobnosti, povezanih z jezikom, simboli in imenom Slovenijo in Slovaško še vedno zamenjujejo celo svetovno znani politiki.
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