As early-twentieth-century Chicago swelled with an influx of at least 250,000 new black urban migrants, the city became a center of consumer capitalism, flourishing with professional sports, beauty ...shops, film production companies, recording studios, and other black cultural and communal institutions. Davarian Baldwin argues that this mass consumer marketplace generated a vibrant intellectual life and planted seeds of political dissent against the dehumanizing effects of white capitalism. Pushing the traditional boundaries of the Harlem Renaissance to new frontiers, Baldwin identifies a fresh model of urban culture rich with politics, ingenuity, and entrepreneurship.Baldwin explores an abundant archive of cultural formations where an array of white observers, black cultural producers, critics, activists, reformers, and black migrant consumers converged in what he terms a "marketplace intellectual life." Here the thoughts and lives of Madam C. J. Walker, Oscar Micheaux, Andrew "Rube" Foster, Elder Lucy Smith, Jack Johnson, and Thomas Dorsey emerge as individual expressions of a much wider spectrum of black political and intellectual possibilities. By placing consumer-based amusements alongside the more formal arenas of church and academe, Baldwin suggests important new directions for both the historical study and the constructive future of ideas and politics in American life.
Conhecimento e sorte parecem dois conceitos excludentes, isto é, em ordem de atribuirmos conhecimento a alguém, tal sucesso cognitivo deve excluir elementos de sorte da aquisição intelectual. ...Entretanto, desde o artigo de Edmund Gettier “Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?” (1963), tem se reconhecido cada vez mais a envergadura que elementos de sorte assume no conhecimento, a ponto de chegarmos a uma conclusão cética no campo epistemológico. A questão que fica, então, é como solucionar a atribuição de conhecimento, com fatores de sorte praticamente onipresentes. Dito isso, o objetivo do trabalho será dois: (i) primeiro, irei expor os desdobramentos do debate da sorte epistêmica, ou seja, mostrar sua amplitude, classificações, conceituação e algumas respostas ao problema. Após (ii) pretendo argumentar sobre as vantagens de se abordar a sorte epistêmica fora do campo proposicional a partir de uma abordagem da epistemologia das virtudes que foque em outros bens epistêmicos além da crença verdadeira.
Istraživana je dinamika rasta ploda sorti: Springold, Redhaven, Suncrest i Fayette u ekološkim uvjetima Ravnih kotara. Breskve su uzgajane u obliku vretenastog grma na podlozi GF 677. Rezultati ...istraživanja predočeni su u tablicama i grafikonima. Rast ploda slijedi dvostruku sigmoidnu krivulju na kojoj su istaknute dvije faze bržeg rasta i jedna faza vrlo usporenog rasta. Prva faza brzog rasta traje oko 65 dana za sve četiri sorte. Druga faza rasta traje u sorte Springold 5 do 7 dana, u sorata Redhaven i Suncrest 28 dana, a u sorte Fayette 35 dana. Treća faza ponovnog bržeg rasta traje u sorata Springold i Redhaven 14 dana, u sorte Suncrest 21 dan, a u sorte Fayette 10 dana.
The dynamics of fruit growth of the varieties: Springold, Redhaven, Suncrest and Fayette in the ecological conditions of Ravni kotari were investigated. Peaches were grown in the form of a spindly bush on the rootstock GF 677. The results of the research are presented in tables and graphs. Fruit growth follows a double sigmoid curve, where two phases of faster growth and one phase of very slow growth are highlighted. The first phase of rapid growth lasts about 65 days for all four varieties. The second growth phase lasts 5 to 7 days in the Springold variety, 28 days in the Redhaven and Suncrest varieties, and 35 days in the Fayette varieties. The third phase of faster growth again lasts 14 days in the Springold and Redhaven varieties, 21 days in the Suncrest variety, and 10 days in the Fayette variety.
U radu se iznose rezultati istraživanja kemijskog sastava i kvalitete plodova 15 sorti jabuke iz 9, manje ili više klimatski, različitih područja u Hrvatskoj, u razdoblju 1958. - 1960. godine. ...Istraživanja su provedena na sortama Bijela zimska tafetica, Bobovac, Boskop, Božićnica, Delicious, Jonathan, Kardinal, Kanada, Krivopeteljka, London Pepping, Ljepocvjetka, Mašanka, Ontario, Šampanjka i Zlatna zimska parmenka iz voćnjaka u: Međimurju (Štrigova, Željezna gora, Republički voćno-lozni rasadnik Vukanovec), Zagorju (Šaulovec, Pregrada), Zagrebu (Fakultetskih pokusnih i nastavnih dobara Jazbina i Sljeme), Podravini (voćnjak Poljoprivredne škole u Križevcima), Slavoniji (Stanica za voćarstvo u Osijeku), Srijemu (voćnjak Poljoprivredne škole u Iloku), Liki (Gospić) i Istri (Pazin). Analiza kemijskog sastava plodova obuhvatila je slijedeća svojstva: topiva suha tvar, ukupni šećeri, titracijska kiselost, jabučna kiselina i pH vrijednost. Ocjena kvalitete obavljena je na osnovi sklada između količine šećera (g/l) i jabučne kiseline (g/l) prema indeksu po Thiault-u. Za istraživane sorte utvrđene su stanovite razlike u kemijskom sastavu i kvaliteti plodva pod utjecajem klimatskih prilika, a posebice kolebanja između dnevnih i noćnih temperatura tijekom dozrijevanja. Najveće promjene pod utjecajem klimatskih prilika utvrđene su za sorte: Mašanka, London Pepping, Ontario, Ljepocvjetka, Delicious i Jonathan. Gotovo podjednak, odnosno stabilan, kemijski sastav i kvalitetu plodova zadržale u svim istraživanim područjima sorte: Boskoop, Kanada, Zlatna zimska parmenka, Kardinal, Bijela zimska tafetica, Božićnica i Šampanjka. Najbolju kvalitetu u odnosu na količinu šećera i kiseline u pojedinim područjima postigle su sorte i to na Sljemenu: Boskop, Bobovac, Kanada, London Pepping i Mašanka, u Međimurju, Zagorju i Zagrebu sorte: Boskop, Kanda, Ljepocvjetka, Zlatna zimska parmenka, London pepping i Kardinal, u Križevcima: Kanada, Zlatna zimska parmenka, Jonathan, Kardinal i Krivopeteljka, u Osijeku: Boskop, Crveni Delicious, Jonathan i Zlatna zimska parmenka, u Srijemu: Crveni Delicious i Jonathan, u Gospiću: Zlatna zimska parmenka, Bobovac i Bijela zimska tafetica, a u Pazinu: Kanada, Zlatna zimska parmenka, Božićnica, Kardinal, Ontario i Šampanjka. Više šećera sadrže plodovi sorti iz područja gdje su u vrijeme zrenja niže temperature tijekom noći, a manje kiseline u području gdje su manje razlike između dnevnih i noćnih temperatura. Rezultati opsežnih istraživanja izneseni su kao srednje vrijednosti trogodišnjih istraživanja u preglednim tablicama i grafikonima.
The paper presents the results of the research of the chemical composition and quality of the fruits of fifteen apple varieties from nine climatic regions in Croatia during the period 1958 - 1960. Researches have been conducted with varieties: White winter tafete, Bonapfel, Belle de Boskoop, Božićnica, Red Delicious, Jonathan, Cardinal, Reinette de Canada, Krivopeteljka, London Pepping, Belle fleur, Mašanka, Ontario, Reinette de Champagne and Reine de reinette from orchards in Međimurje (Štrigova, Željezna gora, nursery Vukanovec), Zagorje (Pregrada, Šaulovec), Zagreb (Faculty experimental stations Jazbina and Sljeme), Podravina (Agricultural school in Križevci), Slavonija (Osijek fruit growing station), Srijem (Agricultural school in Ilok), Lika (Gospić) and Istria (Pazin). The chemical composition of the fruit included the following properties: soluble dry matter, total sugars, titration acidity, malic acid and pH value. The quality score was performed on the basis of the ratio between the amount of sugar (g/l) and malic acid (g/l) according to the Thiault index. Certain variations in the chemical composition and quality of fruits were determined for the investigated varieties under the influence of climatic conditions, and especially fluctuations between day and night temperatures during ripening. The best quality in terms of the amount of sugar and acid in certain areas have been achieved in varieties on Sljeme: Belle de Boskop, Bonapfel, Reinette de Canada, London Pepping and Mašancke, in Međimurje, Zagorje and Zagreb: Belle de Boskop, Reinette de Canada, Belle fleur, Reine de reinette, London pepping and Cardinal, in Križevci: Reinette de Canada, Reine de reinette, Jonathan, Cardinal and Krivopeteljka, in Osijek: Belle de Boskop, Red Delicious, Jonathan and Reine de reinette, in Srijem: Red Delicious and Jonathan, in Gospić: Reine de reinette, Bonapfel and White winter taftete, in Pazin: Reinette de Canada, Reine de reinette, Božićnica, Cardinal, Ontario and Reinette de Champagne. More sugar contains varieties in the areas where they are ripening at lower temperatures during the night and less acid in areas where there are fewer differences between day and night temperatures. The results of extensive research are presented in tables and graphs.
O artigo explora os sentidos e as relações de prestígio em Borá, interior do Estado de São Paulo, a partir da etnografia realizada na festa de Santo Antônio, santo padroeiro homenageado desde o ...início do povoamento pelas famílias pioneiras. Os descendentes desses pioneiros são protagonistas na organização da festa e se orgulham da tradição do preparo das leitoas e do prestígio que atrai as elites locais. Se os “ricos” se interessam pelos leilões, os pobres e os arrastados (categoria nativa aplicada aos trabalhadores da usina de cana-de-açúcar) querem tentar a “sorte” no sorteio das leitoas (ou esperar que a sorte os “encontrem”), “curtir a festa”, conhecer mulheres e apreciar o “movimento” na pequena cidade. Considerando o papel de “festeiro”, a valorização das habilidades e técnicas na arte do preparo das leitoas, os marcadores de classe e experiências de lazer, busca-se pensar as diversas artes sociais e suas tramas no mundo das festas. Apresentação em vídeo: https://youtu.be/8m924Kd34_E ABSTRACT The article explores the senses and relations of prestige in Borá, in the interior of the state of São Paulo, based on the ethnography held at the feast of Saint Anthony, a patron saint honored since the beginning of the settlement by the pioneer families. The descendants of these pioneers are organization’s protagonists and are proud about the tradition of preparing the piglet and the prestige the attracts the local elites. If the "rich" are interested in the auctions, the poor and the arrastados (category to call the sugar cane workers) want to try "luck" in the lottery (or wait for it to be found), "enjoy the party", meet women and enjoy the" movement "in the small town. Considering the role of the “party-goer”, the valuation of skills and techniques on the art of preparation the piglet and also by class markers and leisure experiences, it is sought to reflect on the various social arts and their facets in the world of the feast. Keywords: Feast. Tradition. Tecnic. Class. Luk.
U ovom radu prikazana su kemijska i senzorska svojstva odabranih autohtonih maslinovih ulja sorti ´Bjelica´, ´Crnica´ i ´Piculja´ s područja Dubrovačko-neretvanske županije (DNŽ), za koje se smatra ...da imaju gospodarski značaj. Tijekom četverogodišnjeg istraživanja određeni su osnovni parametri kvalitete (slobodne masne kiseline, peroksidni broj i K-brojevi) prema propisima Međunarodnog vijeća za masline (International olive concil – IOC) za djevičansko maslinovo ulje i senzorska svojstva ispitivanih ulja kojima su definirana specifična obilježja okusa i arome koja se pripisuju isključivo određenoj sorti. Plodovi maslina ispitivanih sorti, temeljem indeksa zrelosti koji se određivao, prikupljeni su na različitim lokacijama DNŽ (Dubrovačko primorje, Konavle, Šipan). Analiza osnovnih kemijskih parametara i određivanje senzorskih svojstava, pokazala je da svi ispitivani uzorci ulja predmetnih sorti pripadaju kategoriji ekstra djevičanskog maslinovog ulja. Senzorskom analizom uočena je razlikovnost među odabranim sortnim uljima. Ulja od sorte ´Bjelica´ pokazalo je visoku voćnost, izraženiju pikantnost od gorčine, dominantne arome jabuke, bajama i pinjola. Za razliku od ulja sorte ´Bjelica´, ulja od sorti ´Crnica´ i ´Piculja´ pokazala su manju voćnosti. Ulje od sorte ´Crnica´ pokazalo je izraženiju pikantnost od gorčine, dominantne arome zrele rajčice, banana i pinjola, dok je ulje od sorte ´Piculja´ pokazalo ujednačenu gorkost i pikantnosti s dominantnim aromama aromatičnog bilja i bajama
In this paper are presented the sensory properties of selected indigenous olive oils from the area of the Dubrovnik-Neretva County, economically significant varieties. During the four-year study were set the basic quality parameters (free acidity, peroxide values, K values) in accordance to the regulations for the extra virgin olive oil and sensory properties of the examined oils that were defined by the specific characteristics of taste and aroma, which is attributed exclusively to the examined olive cultivars. Olive fruits of the indigenous varieties, based on the maturity index that was determined, were collected at different locations at the Dubrovnik-Neretva County (Dubrovnik coastline, Pelješac, Konavle, Šipan). By the analysis of basic chemical parameters and determining the sensory profile, it has been confirmed that all of the examined oil samples belong to the category of the extra virgin olive oil, respectively. By means of proceeded sensor analysis there is a noticeable difference observed between elected varietal oils gathered from the Dubrovnik - Neretva County. Oils extracted from the variety ´Bjelica´ have shown high fruitfulness, a pronounced spiciness than bitterness, with dominant flavours of apple, almond and pine nuts. When compared to the oil extracted from the cultivar ´Bjelica´, oils from cultivars ´Crnica´ and ´Piculja´ had a low fruitiness of green olives. The oil from cultivar ´Crnica´ has a pronounced spiciness than bitterness, with dominant flavours of ripe tomate, banana and pine nuts, when compared to the oil extracted from the cultivar ´Piculja´, balanced spiciness and bitterness with dominant flavours aromatic herbs and almond.
La politique de rapatriement soviétique à la sortie de la Seconde Guerre mondiale en France a inauguré les premières tensions entre anciens alliés. A la fin de l’année 1944, plus de 80 000 anciens ...prisonniers de guerre et déporté soviétiques se trouvent en France dont une partie a été évacuée de l’ouest de l’Allemagne grâce à l’avancée des troupes anglo-américaines. Staline envoie à Paris une mission militaire de rapatriement chargée d’organiser leur retour avant qu’un accord officiel entre les deux pays en juin 1945 rende leur rapatriement obligatoire. Alors qu’un certain nombre de femmes soviétiques font tout pour éviter le retour, les agents de Staline partent à leur recherche dans tout le pays en déployant des moyens considérables dans un contexte de sortie de guerre mêlant désorganisation, intérêts nationaux et volonté de retour à l’ordre. Les exigences de l’URSS se heurtent rapidement aux positions françaises sur les questions liées au retour des femmes. Il convient de se demander pourquoi dans un rapatriement presque exclusivement masculin, les autorités soviétiques ont porté tant d’intérêt à retrouver leurs ressortissantes. Puis, quelles ont été les stratégies de ces femmes face aux autorités soviétiques ?
U radu se iznose rezultati istraživanja dinamike: dušika, fosfora, kalija, kalcija i magnezija u listu i plodu tijekom perioda vegetacije u sorti Golden Delicious i Fuji, uzgojenih u gustom sklopu na ...podlozi M 9. Voćnjak je podignut na lesiviranom pseudogleju. Tlo je kisele reakcije, relativno slabo humozno, umjereno opskrbljeno fosforom i kalijem, a vrlo bogato magnezijem. Ravnoteža u hranidbi praćena je analizom omjera: N/K, N/Ca, K/Ca, ravnoteže i sume kationa u fazama: diobe stanica, izduživanja stanica i bubrenja stanica ploda. Na kraju velikog vala rasta mladica i mase plodova od 60 do 80 g ocjenjen je biljno hranidbeni kapacitet tla metodom folijarne dijagnoze i prognozirana mogućnost pojave fizioloških bolesti plodova na osnovi utvrđenog omjera N/K, N/Ca, K/Ca, i ravnoteže kationa u listu i plodu. Najviše: dušika, fosfora, kalija, kalcija i magnezija sadržavalo je lišće i plodovi na početku vegetacija. U lišću se smanjivala koncentracija: dušika, fosfora, kalija i magnezija, a povećava kalcija do kraja vegetacije. Značajno veću koncentraciju dušika sadrži lišće sorte Fuji od sorte Golden Delicious. Lišće sorte Golden Delicious sadržavalo je značajno veću koncentraciju kalija i kalcija od lišća sorte Fuji. Pod utjecajem sorte nisu utvrđene signifikantne razlike u koncentraciji fosfora i magnezija. U plodovima se do berbe smanjivala koncentracija: dušika, fosfora, kalija, kalcija i magnezija. U vrijeme kada su plodovi imali masu 60 do 80 g bila je koncentracija: makrobiogenih elemenata u granicama normalne opskrbljenosti. Koncentracija je bila u granici normale i u vrijeme berbe, osim za kalij koji je bio malo ispod granice. Pod utjecajem sorte nisu utvrđene statistički opravdane razlike. Utvrđena je statistički opravdana razlika između sorti za omjer K/Ca.
The paper presents the results of multi-year research on the dynamics of: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium in the leaf and fruit during the growing season in the varieties Golden Delicious and Fuji, grown in high density planting on rootstock M 9. The orchard was raised on the pesudogley luvic soil. The soil is acidic, relatively weak in humus, moderately supplied with phosphorus and potassium, and very rich in magnesium. Nutritional balance is monitored by analyzing the ratios: K/Ca, N/K, N/Ca, balance and sum of cations in the phases of the growth of fruit: cell division, cell elongation and cell swelling. At the end of the big wave of vegetative growth of saplings and fruits weighing from 60 to 80 grams, the plant nutrition capacity of the soil was evaluated using the foliar diagnosis method and the possibility of the occurrence of physiological fruit diseases was predicted based on the determined ratio of K/Ca in the leaf and fruit. The genetic specificities of the mineral nutrition of the varieties were determined. The concentration of nitrogen and potassium gradually decreases from the beginning to the end of the growing season, while the concentration of phosphorus and magnesium is the same during the growing season. The leaves of the Fuji variety contain a significantly higher concentration of nitrogen than the Golden Delicious variety. The leaves of the Golden Delicious variety contained a significantly higher concentration of potassium and calcium than the leaves of the Fuji variety. Under the influence of the variety, no significant differences were found in the concentration of phosphorus and magnesium. The concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium decreased in the fruits until harvest. At the time when the fruits had a mass of 60 to 80 g, the concentration of: macrobiogenic elements was within the range of normal supply. The concentration was within the normal range at the time of harvest, except for potassium, which was slightly below the limit. Under the influence of the variety, no statistically justified differences were found. A statistically justified difference between varieties was found for the K/Ca ratio.
Kultivirano bilje, a među njima tradicionalne, stare sorte važan su resurs za očuvanje genskog biodiverziteta, ublažavanje negativnog utjecaja klimatskih promjena, a posljedično i za povećanje ...održivosti poljoprivrede određenog područja. Zbog nedostatka informacija o poljoprivrednoj aktivnosti na području zakonom zaštićenog Parka prirode Žumberak - Samoborsko gorje, provedeno je etnobotaničko istraživanje poznavanja biljnih svojti i njihovih tradicijskih sorti. Primarni ciljevi su bili dokumentirati lokalno ekološko znanje i povećati interes za tradicijske sorte te jačati ekološku svijest stanovnika zakonom zaštićenih područja. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 30 ispitanika iz 17 naselja grada Samobora. Dokumentirana je upotreba 85 svojti kultiviranih sorti žitarica, povrća i voća, 31 samonikla biljna svojta te 4 gljive. Kultivirane biljke se uzgajaju u ograđenim vrtovima, voćnjacima i vinogradima, najčešće inventarizirane svojte (>50 %) su: Vitis vinifera, Malus domestica, Prunus domestica, Zea mays, Solanum lycopersicum, Pyrus communis, Daucus carota, Allium cepa, Lactuca sativa te Phaseolus vulgaris. Od samoniklog bilja najčešće korištene su Urtica dioica i Rosa canina. Zabilježeno je 18 sorti vinove loze, od kojih su tradicionalne tri: ‘Šipelj’, ‘Izabela’ i ‘Žametovka’. Tri stare sorte jabuka su ‘Kanada’, ‘Božićnica’ i ‘Petrovka’. Po jedna stara sorta poznata je za šljivu (‘Bistrica’), krušku (‘Tepka’) i grah (‘Kifl’). Ovim istraživanjem zabilježena je upotreba Ranunculus ficaria u prehrani te upotreba rijetke ilirske vrste Polygala chamaebuxus u dekorativne svrhe. Skoro zaboravljena je upotreba Fagopyrum esculentum. Više se ne sade Cannabis sativa, Nicotiana tabacum, Carum carvi. „Nova moda“ je uzgoj Ipomoea batatas i Lavandula angustifolia. Evidentirane su štete od divljači, posebice divlje svinje, koje prelaze razinu opravdanosti na kulturama kukuruz i krumpir, a sve češći kasni mrazevi, koji su posljedica negativnog utjecaja klimatskih promjena, izazivaju velike gubitke u voćarskoj i vinogradarskoj proizvodnji. Rezultati ovog rada mogli bi doprinijeti edukaciji pučanstva i reintrodukciji zaboravljenih upotreba kultiviranog i samoniklog bilja te gljiva u ljudsku i životinjsku prehranu, očuvanju tradicije i narodnih običaja, kao i prevenciji očuvanja zdravlja ljudi i životinja.
Cultivated plants, among them traditional, old varieties, are an important resource for preserving genetic biodiversity, mitigating the negative effects of climate change, and consequently increasing the sustainability of agriculture in a given area. A prerequisite for their successful use for the above purposes is a good knowledge of the current situation. Due to the lack of information on agricultural activity in the area of the legally protected Žumberak - Samoborsko gorje Nature Park, an ethnobotanical survey of plant taxa and their traditional varieties was conducted. The main objectives of this research were to document the local ecological knowledge, increase interest in traditional varieties, and to increase ecological awareness among the inhabitants of protected areas. In the survey participated 30 respondents from 17 settlements in the town of Samobor. The use of 85 taxa of cultivated cereal, vegetable, and fruit varieties, 31 wild plants and 4 fungi was documented. The cultivated plants are grown in fenced gardens, orchards and vineyards, the most common (>50%) taxa are: Vitis vinifera, Malus domestica, Prunus domestica, Zea mays, Solanum lycopersicum, Pyrus communis, Daucus carota, Allium cepa, Lactuca sativa, and Phaseolus vulgaris. Among wild plants, the most commonly used are Urtica dioica and Rosa canina. 18 grape varieties were recorded, 3 of which are traditional: ‘Šipelj’, ‘Izabela’ and ‘Žametovka’. The three old apple varieties are ‘Kanada’, ‘Božićnica’ and ‘Petrovka’. One old variety of plum (‘Bistrica’), pear (‘Tepka’) and bean (‘Kifl’) are known. This research has recorded the edible use of Ranunculus ficaria and the decorative use of the rare Illyrian species Polygala chamaebuxus. The use of Fagopyrum esculentum is almost forgotten. Cannabis sativa, Nicotiana tabacum, Carum carvi are no longer planted. The “new fashion” is the cultivation of Ipomoea batatas and Lavandula angustifolia. Damage by wild game, especially wild boar, has been recorded, which exceeds the level of justification on corn and potato crops. Increasingly frequent late frosts, which are a consequence of the negative impact of climate change, cause great losses in fruit and wine production. The results of this work could contribute to the education of the population and the reintroduction of forgotten uses of cultivated and wild plants and mushrooms in human and animal nutrition, the preservation of traditions and folk customs, as well as the prevention of the preservation of human and animal health.
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