Clostridium difficile is a predominant cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. It is increasingly difficult to treat C. difficile infection efficiently owing to its multidrug resistance. In the ...present study, 60 clinical C. difficile isolates were collected and analysed for their genotype, antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance mechanisms. Tandem repeat sequence typing (TRST) generated 21 types, including the epidemic clone tr017. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of eight antibiotics was performed by the agar dilution method. Rifampicin, metronidazole and vancomycin remained the most potent agents in vitro, whilst the resistance rates of other agents such as ciprofloxacin, cefoxitin, clindamycin, tetracycline and moxifloxacin varied from 30% to 100%. 73.33% of the strains were multiresistant to at least three classes of antibiotics, and tr017 strains made up the greatest proportion of multidrug resistance. By further investigating the resistance mechanisms, amino acid substitutions in target enzymes encoded by gyrA/gyrB and rpoB were observed in fluoroquinolone- and rifampicin-resistant strains, respectively. The erm(B) gene was the most prevalent in macrolide–lincosamide–streptogramin B (MLSB)-resistant strains, and the ErmB determinant ‘Erj2’, a novel genetic organisation identified in this study, plays a central role in conferring resistance, especially in epidemic strains. Moreover, transposon Tn916 carrying the tet(M) gene is more common than Tn5397 in tetracycline resistance.
U članku se analiziraju prostorna obilježja upravne zgrade šećerane u Rijeci – palače Tršćansko-riječke privilegirane kompanije, s obzirom na dvije ključne faze njezina građevnog razvoja, razdoblje ...izgradnje 1752. i obnovu nakon požara 1785. – 1786. godine. Razmatra se funkcija pojedinih etaža i prostorija u zgradi, te utvrđuju namjenski prostori za stanovanje, poslovne sadržaje i skladišta. Palača se dovodi u vezu s korpusom arhitekture reprezentativnih poslovnostambenih palača izgrađenih u Trstu u drugoj polovini 18. stoljeća, koje nose vrlo slične prostorne karakteristike, a one se mogu iščitati iz arhivskih nacrta, jer same palače uglavnom nisu sačuvane. Navedene usporedbe upućuju, nadalje, na postojanje konkretnog tipskog obrasca za prostorno rješenje zgrada poslovno stambene namjene, bilo da ih podižu imućni trgovci za vlastito stanovanje i djelatnost, ili pak velike privilegirane kompanije koje su imale sjedišta u Trstu tijekom 18. stoljeća.
Autor analizira pisanje primorskih slovenskih liberalnih novina u vrijeme balkanskih ratova 1912. i 1913., prikazuje geopolitičke stavove toga političkoga kruga te ga smješta u širi kontekst sukoba ...različitih vizija jugoslavenstva. Specifičan položaj primorskih Slovenaca i geopolitičko značenje Trsta odrazili su se na naklonjenost toga dijela Slovenaca što širemu južnoslavenskom konceptu, koji je trebao biti poluga za slovensku političku emancipaciju. Isprva se taj dio Slovenaca zauzima za ujedinjenje južnoslavenskih naroda unutar Habsburške Monarhije, no analizirano razdoblje donosi preokret koji se očituje u ispuštanju habsburškoga okvira u prvom krugu balkanskih ratova. Drugi je
pak krug prouzročio isključivanje Bugarske iz južnoslavenskih koncepata, čime se dio primorskih Slovenaca priklanja užoj viziji južnoslavenske državne ideje sa Srbijom u središnjoj ulozi.
The author analyses the writings of Slovene journals from the Primorska (Slovene Littoral) region in the period of the Balkan Wars, in the years
1912 and 1913. The article presents the shift of liberal Slovenes’ attitudes towards the Yugoslav idea and places it in the broader context
of the conflict between various geopolitical ideas. The specific position of the Primorska region and Istria as well as the consequential
geopolitical importance of Trieste were reflected in the inclination of
those liberal Slovenians to the broader concept of the Yugoslav political idea, which included all South Slavic nations and was supposed
to be the leverage for Slovenian political emancipation. Initially, the
Slovene liberals, who were gathered in the political group named Edinost (Unity) in Trieste and around the journal Soča in Gorizia, favoured the idea of a third political unit within the Habsburg
Monarchy, with the ambition of including Trieste and Gorizia into that entity. However, due to fears of being left outside of that third unit, these Slovenes abandoned so called ‘trialist’ idea. The defeats of the Ottoman Empire in the first round of the Balkan Wars resulted in omitting the Habsburg context in Slovene journals from the Primorska region, while the second round caused the exclusion of Bulgaria from the
South Slavic state concepts, and pushed those Slovenes towards the narrower version of the Yugoslav idea, where Serbia was to have a central role.
Objectives
Frailty in older people associates with poor outcomes. Screening by ED physicians would greatly facilitate detection of frail older patients but our previous attempt to introduce routine ...ED-physician screening with Short Emergency Geriatric Assessment (SEGA), a 13-item frailty tool that French geriatricians use to identify frail patients, failed due to its length and complexity. A national committee recently generated a new version of the fast and simple 5-item Triage Risk Screening Tool (TRST) in which a subjective item (‘nurse concern’) was replaced by an item assessing basic activities of daily living. The ability of ED physicians using this French-TRST to accurately detect frail patients who require comprehensive geriatric assessment was assessed.
Design
Prospective cross-sectional study on diagnostic accuracy relative to the gold standard, namely, geriatrician-administered SEGA.
Setting
Tertiary-care hospital, France.
Subjects and measurements
The participants were 498 ≥75-year-old patients who visited the ED in 2018–2019 and were administered French-TRSTs by first ED physicians and then geriatricians, followed by SEGA, all within 24 hours. Diagnostic accuracy variables were calculated. Geriatrician-TRST was used to identify TRST items that associated with ED physician misclassification of frail patients.
Results
Emergency-TRST was significantly less sensitive than Geriatrician-TRST (88% vs. 93%; p=0.04) and tended to have lower negative predictive value (66% vs. 77%; p=0.09). Emergency-TRSTs rated four French-TRST items less well than Geriatrician-TRSTs.
Conclusions
As a substitute for SEGA in the ED, the French-TRST performed quite well overall but the ED physicians detected frail patients less well than the geriatricians. Modifications of the French-TRST that may improve the diagnostic performance of ED physicians are discussed.
Autor je uvidom u arhivsku dokumentaciju međuratnoga razdoblja Rijeke, od 1934. do 1943. godine, te analizom objavljenih povijesnih podataka dao prikaz pokušaja osnivanja Galerije moderne umjetnosti ...u Rijeci u vrijeme kada je Rijeka s Kvarnerom bila aneksirana Kraljevini Italiji, te time postala novom provincijom Kraljevine Italije. Zahvaljujući agilnomu Riječaninu koji je živio u Milanu, začela se ideja oko formiranja Galerije moderne umjetnosti u Rijeci kao vrlo bitne institucije u kojoj bi bila predstavljena djela talijanske umjetnosti 19. i 20. stoljeća. Osnivački fundus slika za Galeriju ostvarivao se donacijama talijanskih akademika te donacijom triju slika i jedne skulpture koju je dao kralj Italije V. Emanuelle III. ne bi li podržao ovakvu inicijativu i bio primjerom drugim potencijalnim donatorima. Sva donirana djela bila su pohranjivana u Milanu kod začetnika inicijative G. A. Bottussija. Zbog geostrateške pozicije Rijeke, čin formiranja takve institucije postao je pitanjem od državnoga interesa Italije koja je u njemu vidjela način na koji bi mogla širiti svoju kulturu preko svoje granice prema Kraljevini SHS te drugim podunavskim zemljama. Započeta kao privatna inicijativa Guida Asverija Bottussija, a koja će se tijekom vremena pretvoriti u inicijativu riječke gradske administracije i drugih državnh institucija sa sjedištem u Rimu, zbog približavanja rata i ratnih okolnosti, donirana djela osnivačkoga fundusa Galerije moderne umjetnosti nikada nisu došla do Rijeke, pa se time nisu ni oformili uvjeti za njezino osnivanje u potpunosti.
Rođen u Istri, tada dijelu prostrane Austro-Ugarske Monarhije, Fran Mandić (1851. – 1924.) završio je hrvatsku gimnaziju u Rijeci, a medicinu u Grazu i Pragu. Nakon promocije čitavu je liječničku ...karijeru proveo u Trstu, u njegovo doba glavnom gradu Austrijskog primorja. Nakon rada u bolnici, otvorio je vlastitu ordinaciju, a bio je i zdravstveni savjetnik Državnih željeznica. Čitavog je života, još od studentskih dana, sudjelovao u nastojanjima za postizanje jednakopravnosti hrvatskog naroda u Istri. Uvjeren u važnost obrazovanja, ulagao je svoje vrijeme i novac u otvaranje što većeg broja škola u Istri. Za zasluge u radu odlikovao ga je kralj, imenovan je počasnim građaninom Opatije, no najveće priznanje bio mu je ugled koji je uživao među pacijentima i članovima njihovih obitelji.
Born in Istria, then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Fran Mandić (1851-1924) finished a Croatian grammar school in Rijeka and studied medicine in Graz, Austria and in Prague, Bohemia. After graduation, he settled in Trieste, a major Austrian port, where he spent his entire career. After a period in the State Hospital in Trieste, Mandić ran his own practice and held a position of medical adviser of the Austrian State Railway in Istria. Since his student days, he had championed equal political rights for the Croatian people in Istria. Aware of the importance of education, he donated his time and money for a number of new schools to open throughout Istria. For his merits he received high honours from the Emperor and an honorary Citizenship of Opatija, but the greatest recognition was the respect he earned from his patients and their families.
“Istarski egzodus”, iseljavanje oko 250 tisuća ljudi, mahom Talijana, iz Istre, Rijeke i Dalmacije u Italiju (pretežno u Trst) nakon Drugoga svjetskog rata, od tada do danas u talijanskom je ...kulturnom prostoru prošao različite faze pamćenja. Do devedesetih godina XX. stoljeća postojao je u sjećanjima samih ezula, u pretežno lokalnoj historiografiji te u popularnom tisku. Nakon devedesetih postao je dijelom talijanskoga nacionalnog pamćenja i sveprisutnom temom na državnoj razini. Članak se bavi sadašnjim stanjem pamćenja egzodusa analizom odabranih mjesta pamćenja i kulturnih događaja u Trstu radi razumijevanja procesa konstrukcije identiteta utemeljenog na migracijskom iskustvu te razloga zbog kojih u ovom pograničnom području još uvijek nije ostvareno zajedničko pamćenje.
We demonstrate three-terminal λ-type negative differential resistance (NDR) tunneling real-space transfer transistors (TRSTT) with InGaAs and a δ-doped GaAs dual-channel structure on a (100) GaAs ...substrate. The NDR mechanism is attributed to the electron tunneling transfer from a high-mobility InGaAs channel to a low-mobility δ-doped GaAs channel, as well as to a gate electrode through a Schottky cap layer. The maximum of the peak-to-valley current ratio and the transconductance of the peak current density ( g m = Δ J P /Δ V GS ) reach 3.3 and 72 mS/mm, respectively. The invert operation of MOBILE is realized by employing two TRSTTs connected in series at room temperature.
U ovome su radu prikazani odnosi istarskoga poluotoka i grada Trsta kroz povijest, s težištem na razdoblju od 18. stoljeća do danas. Utvrđena je uloga Trsta kao gospodarskog i trgovačkog ...gravitacijskog središta za područje Istre, njegova uloga značajnog crkvenog i upravnog središta, odredišta radnih i inih iseljavanja te kulturnog i prosvjetnog središta. Raščlamba odnosa Istre i Trsta navodi na zaključak da su tijekom čitavog tog razdoblja bili premreženi neraskidivim vezama.
Boundary-making in Istria is an old undertaking. It has actually never ceasesed, not even today. Istrian peninsula has thus undergone substantial boundary shifts during the last couple of centuries ...(especially after the Venetian demise in 1797). But Istria carries its worldwide fame also due to one of probably the harshest disputes on the post-war European grounds – the Trieste territory dispute. In author's perspective, this dispute is one of the four main corner-stones of the current Slovenian-Croatian boundary dispute. The remaining three include the Kozler's boundary around Dragonja (Rokava) River, the ungraspable notions of Austrian censuses in Istria, and the narratives of partisan settlements on military jurisdiction. However, there are other very important aspects which significantly shaped the development of the dispute, but we will focus at assessing the importance of the aforementioned ones. In this sense, the analysis of the effects of the outcome of the Trieste dispute and its implications to the contemporary interstate dispute is set forth. By unveiling its material and consequently its psychological effects upon the contemporary bilateral relations, its analyses simultaneously reveals backgrounds of never answered question, why Kozler's proposed linguistic boundary around Dragonja (Rokava) River turned out to become a boundary of national character. Though nowadays disputed, there is absolutely no chance for both involved parties to substantially draw away from once decisively drawn line of a layman. Despite the fierce battle of words in Slovenian public media on whether should the interstate boundary be placed on Mirna (Quieto) or Dragonja Rivers, it will be argued here that the actual choice of the Valley of Dragonja as a boundary is by all means Slovenian. The arguments are based on extensive analyses of cartographic materials, relevant literature, documents, and statistical data.
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