This article offers an overview of the first peacetime activities of the Partisan Yugoslav Army in the second half of 1945. The article covers matters such as organisation, numbers, legal ...regulations, and command, followed by the transition to peacetime life in barracks throughout Yugoslavia as well as border security. The Yugoslav Army was formed on 1 March 1945 from the Partisan People’s Liberation Army of Yugoslavia. After the formation of the provisional government of Democratic Federative Yugoslavia, the People’s Defence Commission was reformed into the Ministry of People’s Defence headed by Marshal Tito. On 31 May 1945, Marshal Tito signed an order on the formation and location of the highest strategic commands of the six armies of Yugoslavia’s ground forces as well as the Air Force, Navy, military schools, and the internal army – the People’s Defence Corps of Yugoslavia. A separate and new part of the Yugoslav Army was the security service, i.e. the counterintelligence service. This paper examines the first activities of the Partisan army in peacetime – in the barracks – as well as its role in the Trieste crisis and the occupation of a part of Austria. The Army’s role in the first post-war elections on 11 November 1945 is also covered. The demobilisation of excess members of the Army took place only after these elections and the formal change of thesocial order i.e. the abolition of the monarchy.
Nos travaux ont cherché à mieux comprendre les mécanismes à l’origine de la virulence de Staphylococcus lugdunensis, espèce au pouvoir pathogène proche de celui de Staphylococcus aureus. Nous avons ...procédé à la première caractérisation fonctionnelle chez cette espèce d’un système à deux composants, LytSR. Ce système s’est révélé impliqué dans le contrôle de processus métaboliques majeurs et dans la virulence. Il est en effet impliqué dans la formation de biofilm, probablement en lien avec le contrôle exercé sur la mort cellulaire. LytSR est de plus impliqué dans la pathogenèse des infections à S. lugdunensis, comme démontré dans le modèle d’infection du nématode Caenorhabditis elegans. Pour mieux caractériser et suivre la diffusion de clones prédominants chez cette espèce, nous avons dans un deuxième volet développé trois nouvelles méthodes de typage (MLVA, TRST et fbl-typing), reposant sur le polymorphisme de séquences répétées en tandem. Ces méthodes se sont révélées très discriminantes, permettant la définition de nouveaux génotypes chez cette espèce clonale. Ces outils sont à ce titre très prometteurs pour des études micro- comme macro-épidémiologiques chez S. lugdunensis, le fbl-typing apparaissant à bien des égards comme l’outil utilisable en première ligne (http://fbl-typing.univ-rouen.fr/). Enfin, nous avons montré que la variabilité de la liaison de S. lugdunensis au fibrinogène in vitro peut être en partie expliquée par des variations génétiques de fbl.
Our work has sought to better understand mechanisms involved in Staphylococcus lugdunensis virulence, a species whose pathogenicity is close to that of Staphylococcus aureus. We performed the first functional characterization of a two-component regulatory system, LytSR, in this species. This system has been shown to be involved in the control of major metabolic processes and in virulence. It is indeed involved in biofilm formation, probably in connection with the control of cell death. LytSR is furthermore implicated in the pathogenesis of S. lugdunensis infections, as demonstrated in the infection model of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. To better characterize and monitor the diffusion of predominant clones in this species, we have in a second part developed three new typing methods (MLVA, TRST and fbl-typing), based on the polymorphism of variable number of tandem repeats. These methods were highly discriminant, allowing the definition of new genotypes in this clonal species. These tools are very promising for micro- and macro-epidemiological studies in S. lugdunensis, fbl-typing appearing in many ways as the frontline tool (http://fbl-typing.univ-rouen.fr/). Finally, we have shown that the variability of the binding of S. lugdunensis to fibrinogen in vitro can be partly explained by some fbl genetic variations.
Određivanje granica u Istri je stari pothvat. Ustvari, nije prestao čak ni danas. U posljednjih nekoliko stoljeća granice na istarskom poluotoku doživjele su značajne promjene (posebice nakon ...propasti Mletačke Republike 1797. godine). No Istra je također zbog prijepora oko teritorija Trsta nadaleko poznata kao jedno od problematičnijih graničnih područja u Europi u poslijeratnom razdoblju. Prema mišljenju autora, ovaj problem je jedan od četiriju glavnih suvremenih graničnih problema između Slovenije i Hrvatske. Ostala tri su Kozlerova granica oko rijeke Dragonje (Rokave), nejasni pojmovi u austrijskim popisima u Istri, te priče o partizanskim naseljima pod vojnom upravom. No postoje i drugi važni aspekti koji su značajno utjecali na razvoj ovoga spora, ali u ovom radu pozornost će biti usmjerena na prije navedene probleme. U skladu s time analiziraju se učinci ishoda spora oko tršćanskog teritorija i njihov utjecaj na suvremene granične probleme. Upozoravanjem na materijalne i psihološke učinke ovoga spora na suvremene bilateralne odnose te njegovom analizom također se otkriva pozadina nikad odgovorenog pitanja – zašto je lingvistička granica oko Rijeke Dragonje (Rokave) koju je predložio Kozler postala granica od nacionalnog značenja. Iako je danas navedena granica često osporavana, teško je očekivati da će obje strane odustati od granice koju je jednom odredio laik. Unatoč snažnim prijeporima u slovenskim javnim medijima vezanim uz pitanje treba li međudržavna granica biti na rijekama Mirni i Dragonji, u radu je utvrđeno da je izbor granice u dolini rijeke Dragonje zapravo slovenski. Argumenti se temelje na opsežnoj analizi kartografskih materijala, relevantne literature, dokumenata i statističkih podataka.
Članak pruža uvid u statistiku stanovništva u općini Trst u drugoj polovici 18. stoljeća, nakon što je Austrija 1754. godine uvela jedinstveni državni demografski statistički sustav. Još 1770. godine ...popisivanje stanovništva bilo je podređeno vojnim interesima, a sustav je dobio konskripcijski karakter. Autor analizira tehničke i metodološke karakteristike tih konskripcija te poteškoće i nedostatke do kojih je dolazilo pri njihovom izvođenju u Trstu i njegovom neposrednom zaleđu. Uzroke treba tražiti u metodološkoj kompleksnosti sustava i u činjenici da je Trst bio izuzet iz vojne regrutacije i da su u gradu upotrebljavani drugačiji kriteriji za popisivanje.
U radu se, na korpusu izmišljenih prezimena nadijevanih nahodima prihvaćenim u tršćanski orfanotrofij u godini 1839., ispituju jezično podrijetlo, raznovrsnost oblika i učestalost upotrebe/tvorbena ...plodnost sufikasa i posebnih jezičnih segmenata kojima su ona bila konstruirana. Navedena se obilježja sufikasa i završnih segmenata koji su bili upotrebljavani za konstrukciju prezimena promatraju u okvirima jezične, nacionalne i konfesijske heterogenosti grada Trsta u XIX. stoljeću.
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Šestdesetletnico zmage nad fašizmom so danes proslavili Slovenci v Italiji, združeni v svetu slovenskih organizacij in slovenski gospodarsko - kulturni zvezi. Na skupni proslavi v trstu so se spomnili tudi rojstva Primorskega dnevnika pred šestimi desetletji.
Information:
Trst (Trieste): Liberty gave birth to the Primorski dnevnik newspaper. Statements by the writer Boris Pahor, Igor Gabrovec from Trieste and Anica Malalan from Trebče.
Original language summary:
Trst: Svoboda je rodila Primorski dnevnik; izjava pisatelj Boris Pahor, izjavi Igor Gabrovec iz Trsta in Anica Malalan, Trebče.
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