This volume investigates educational inequalities among children of Turkish immigrants in Austria, France, and Sweden. One of the largest immigrant groups in these countries, Turks nonetheless face ...discrimination and limited opportunities, and this study shows how those problems play out in education. One of its key findings is that systems that provide more favorable institutional arrangements lead to greater economic mobility in the second generation.
The integration of immigrants into a larger society begins at the local level. Turkish Berlin reveals how integration has been experienced by second-generation Turkish immigrant women in two ...neighborhoods in Berlin, Germany. While the neighborhoods are similar demographically, the lived experience of the residents is surprisingly different. Informed by first-person interviews with both public officials and immigrants, Annika Marlen Hinze makes clear that local integration policies-often created by officials who have little or no contact with immigrants-have significant effects on the assimilation of outsiders into a community and a society. Focusing on the Turkish neighborhoods of Kreuzberg and Neukölln, Hinze shows how a combination of local policy making and grassroots organizing have contributed to one neighborhood earning a reputation as a hip, multicultural success story and the other as a rougher neighborhood featuring problem schools and high rates of unemployment. Aided by her interviews, she describes how policy makers draw from their imaginations of urban space, immigrants, and integration to develop policies that do not always take social realities into consideration. She offers useful examples of how official policies can actually exacerbate the problems they are trying to help solve and demonstrates that a powerful history of grassroots organizing and resistance can have an equally strong impact on political outcomes. Employing spatial theory as a tool for understanding the complex processes of integration, Hinze asks two related questions: How do immigrants perceive themselves and their experiences in a new culture? And how are immigrants conceived of by politicians and policy makers? Although her research highlights the German-Turk experience in Berlin, her answers have implications that resonate far beyond the city's limits.
This book compares how different Islamic communities assert their authority to represent "True Islam" for Muslims living in Europe and how they cope with challenges from rivals with different ...interpretations and fields of activism. It focuses on five Islamic communities active among Muslims originating from Turkey that represent the spectrum from moderate to revolutionary Islamic opinions: representatives of "official Islam" (Diyanet), political Islamists (Milli Görü?), a mystical Sufi order (Süleymanl?), Turkish civil Islam (Gülen) and a movement seeking an Islamic revolution in Turkey (Kaplan). The research included twelve months of intensive ethnographic fieldwork among Turkish Muslims in Germany and the Netherlands.
On April 23, 2003, to the surprise of much of the world, the ceasefire line that divides Cyprus opened. The line had partitioned the island since 1974, and so international media heralded the opening ...of the checkpoints as a historic event that echoed the fall of the Berlin Wall. As in the moment of the Wall's collapse, cameras captured the rush of Cypriots across the border to visit homes unwillingly abandoned three decades earlier. It was a euphoric moment, and one that led to expectations of reunification. But within a year Greek Cypriots overwhelmingly rejected at referendum a United Nations plan to reunite the island, despite their Turkish compatriots' support for the plan. InThe Past in Pieces, anthropologist Rebecca Bryant explores why the momentous event of the opening has not led Cyprus any closer to reunification, and indeed in many ways has driven the two communities of the island further apart. This chronicle of the "new Cyprus" tells the story of the opening through the voices and lives of the people of one town that has experienced conflict. Over the course of two years, Bryant studied a formerly mixed town in northern Cyprus in order to understand both experiences of life together before conflict and the ways in which the dissolution of that shared life is remembered today. Tales of violation and loss return from the past to shape meanings of the opening in daily life, redefining the ways in which Cypriots describe their own senses of belonging and expectations of the political future. By examining the ways the past is rewritten in the present, Bryant shows how even a momentous opening may lead not to reconciliation but instead to the discovery of new borders that may, in fact, be the real ones.
Drawing on a broad range of sources in Ottoman Turkish and Arabic this book offers a new interpretation of late Ottoman imperial rule in Yemen and situates the Ottoman Empire among competing imperial ...powers in the long nineteenth century.
This book explores the role of citizenship in the migration of Turks to the United States. Sebahattin Ziyanak and Bilal Sert discuss identity formation across generations among Turkish Americans and ...analyze the important differences between first and second generation Turkish Americans.
This volume investigates educational inequalities among children of Turkish immigrants in Austria, France, and Sweden. One of the largest immigrant groups in these countries, Turks nonetheless face ...discrimination and limited opportunities, and this study shows how those problems play out in education. One of its key findings is that systems that provide more favorable institutional arrangements lead to greater economic mobility in the second generation.
Crowd employment platforms enable firms to source labour and expertise by leveraging Internet technology. Rather than offshoring jobs to low‐cost geographies, functions once performed by internal ...employees can be outsourced to an undefined pool of digital labour using a virtual network. This enables firms to shift costs and offload risk as they access a flexible, scalable workforce that sits outside the traditional boundaries of labour laws and regulations. The micro‐tasks of ‘clickwork’ are tedious, repetitive and poorly paid, with remuneration often well below minimum wage. This article will present an analysis of one of the most popular crowdsourcing sites—Mechanical Turk—to illuminate how Amazon's platform enables an array of companies to access digital labour at low cost and without any of the associated social protection or moral obligation.
Societies have experienced great changes in 20th and 21st centuries under the influence of industrialization and modernization movements. After a while, they had to add new elements to their culture ...and eliminate the unsuitable ones, give it a new form or they invented new traditions. Shors, who have lived in Kemerovo region of Southern Siberia for hundreds of years, have also taken their share from this great movement of change. Today there are very few people who continue their ancient traditions and speak Shor language. Changes are also seen in traditional practices and rituals that maintain their existence. Çıl Pajı and Şaçıg are one of the recorded and still continuing practices of Shors. Şaçıg and Çıl Pajı are traditional practices that have changes, transformed and institutionalized with the change of Shor culture and have become a touristic commodity from time to time. At the beginning of 20th century, an organization called Payram began to be organized. The data used in this study were obtained as a result of interviews with Shor Turks. In addition to this, Russian sources written by the Shor intellectuels were used in order to disseminate and promote the Shor culture. In the study, the practices of Şaçıg and Çıl Pajı are mentioned, in addition to these, the organization of Payram is discussed in the context of the invention of tradition. While making the evaluations, the characteristics of these three practices were mentioned and examined within the scope of change, transformation, restructuring, interpretation and invention.
This article explores the activism of Arab Mexicans during the transition from the sultanate of Abdülhamid II, known as the Hamidian regime, and the beginning of the rule of the Committee of Union ...and Progress, known as the Young Turks government. The paper discusses the activism of intellectuals, social network leaders, and associations that created affinity ties with the Ottoman government and French authorities. These activities aspired to consolidate the diplomatic protection of Ottomans in Mexico. The compilation of primary sources shows the spread of Ottomanism and Francophilia within the first generation of Arab Mexicans. These discourses of affinity are relevant elements to understanding the activism in the Great War and at the dawn of the Mandate system in the Mashriq.
