V strokovni literaturi se pogosto poudarja, da urbanistična kompleksnost temelji na soobstoju naslednjih treh prvin: regulativnega okvira, ravni urbanističnega oblikovanja in pogajanj med akterji. ...Avtorji se v članku z navedenim strinjajo, hkrati pa zavračajo zamisel, da so lahko te prvine v idealnem ravnovesju, brez negativnih medsebojnih vplivov. Proučevali so, kje so meje njihovega soobstajanja, in postavili hipotezo, da idealen in uravnotežen soobstoj teh prvin ni mogoč. Njihova raziskava je temeljila na naslednjih štirih glavnih in zaporednih aktivnostih: 1. pregledu literature o temeljih sodobnega urbanističnega načrtovanja, 2. kritični kvalitativni analizi glavnih dokumentov, ki vsebujejo urbanistične direktive in se uporabljajo v treh največjih mestih Latinske Amerike: Buenos Airesu, Ciudadu de Méxicu in São Paulu (s poudarkom na smernicah v teh dokumentih in kako obravnavajo vse tri omenjene prvine), 3. analizi součinkovanja navedenih treh prvin in 4. oblikovanju končnih ugotovitev.
Čeprav so v strokovni literaturi o nastanku Ljubljane navedena že mnoga zgodovinsko dokazana dejstva, še vedno obstajajo številna pomembna vprašanja o prvotnem nastanku ljubljanske naselbine na ...sedanji lokacij, ki niso popolnoma raziskana. Med temi vprašanji so prav gotovo tudi vzroki, ki niso dovolj natančno obravnavani ne samo v zgodovinski, ampak tudi v obstoječi literaturi o urbanizmu in arhitekturi Ljubljane, predvsem o tem, kako so vojne in vojne dejavnosti vplivale na izbiro lokacije in razvoj tega mesta. Odgovore smo iskali s pomočjo poglobljene in sistematične raziskave strateških ali vojnih vplivov na območju Evrope, Sredozemlja in Bližnjega vzhoda. Razvoj Ljubljane smo podrobneje preučili v časovnem okviru od prazgodovine do trojnega naselbinskega jedra Stare Ljubljane (Stari trg, Novi trg in Mestni trg) v srednjem veku. Spoznanja, ki smo jih pridobili s to raziskavo, so nas približala odgovoru na zastavljeno vprašanje, ali je prvo naselbinsko jedro Ljubljane (Stari trg) nastalo le kot naključna naselbina ali pa je bila ta lokacija izbrana zaradi vpliva vojn na tem območju.
The book of proceedings brings together contributions, submitted to the international conference Mapping the spaces of modernist cities within the context of CIAM's Athens charter, which is result of ...the applied national project Mapping the Urban Spaces of Slovenian Cities from the Historical Perspective: Modernism in Nova Gorica and its Contexts (L6-8262), financed by the Slovenian Research Agency, Municipality of Nova Gorica and the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts. The papers critically reflect on the Athens Charter, which established the principles of a functionalist city at the 4th CIAM Congress (Congrès internationaux d'architecture moderne) in 1933. The case studies discuss cities, which were newly built in the 20th century in the Soviet Union, Germany, Italy, the Baltic States, Iran and Slovenia, with Nova Gorica at the forefront. They are organized into seven thematic sections, covering a number of previously poorly researched topics: the foundation and establishment of a functional city, the centres of new functionalist towns and the identity of a town, monotony or diversity of modernist residential architecture, the forgotten and decaying industrial heritage, religious architecture in new functionalist towns, monuments in the public space of functionalist city and mapping and visualization of a town.
Avtorja v članku preučujeta poljsko mesto Torunj z vidika koncepta kompaktnega mesta. Na primeru izbranega mesta analizirata teoretične elemente koncepta kompaktnega mesta, pri čemer upoštevata ...psihološke vidike (družbeno percepcijo) kompaktnega mesta. Primarni podatki za študijo primera so bili zbrani med terenskimi raziskavami med letoma 2013 in 2014. Uporabljena metodologija vključuje pregled literature, rastrsko analizo satelitskega posnetka mesta (z velikostjo celice 250 x 250 m) in anketo o družbeni percepciji kompaktnega mesta (n = 128), pri kateri so bili uporabljeni vprašalniki z reprezentativnimi kvantitativnimi podatki. V sklopu raziskave je bila opravljena tudi analiza dostopnosti glavnih lokacij v Torunju. Rezultati so predstavljeni na zemljevidu urbanih območij in grafih družbene percepcije. Izsledki raziskave kažejo, da se Torunj z urbanističnega vidika pojmuje kot kompaktno mesto, s psihološkega ali družbenega vidika pa ne.
Interaktivnost, multidisciplinarnost, sinergija in soodvisnost so pojmi, ki se očitno vpletajo v upravljanje vsakega odgovornega mesta in njegovih voditeljev. Med disciplinami, ki pomembno vplivajo ...na edinstvenost in konkurenčnost nekega mesta, ima urbanizem pomembno vlogo. Nobeno od mest, ki so uspešna v konkurenčnem prostoru, ne bi bilo pomembna in močna znamka mesta, če ne bi bilo prepoznavnih, edinstvenih in značilnih elementov urbanizma, ki delajo mesta unikatna. V članku izhajamo iz hipoteze, da urbanizem s kvalitativnimi rešitvami sooblikuje znamko mesta in da se kriteriji, ki to dokazujejo, skladajo s kvalitativnimi kriteriji tržne znamke. Na podlagi pregleda znanstvene literature tako s področja urbanizma kot znamk in znamčenja smo ugotovili, da kvalitativni kriteriji urbanizma dosegajo veliko vsebinsko skladnost s kvalitativnimi kriteriji znamke ter tako odločilno vplivajo na znamko mesta in njeno umestitev na konkurenčnem trgu mest. Kvalitativni kriteriji urbanizma in znamke so povezani in so si po splošni vsebini podobni, razlikujejo pa se v formulacijah in ravni implementacij. Ugotovljene skladnosti pomenijo korak naprej v integralnem delovanju, upravljanju, komuniciranju in trženju mesta. Omogočajo povezovanje doslej bolj ali manj nepovezanih področij urbanizma in trženja. Pozitivne posledice razumevanja povezanosti obeh področij bodo dolgoročne ter bodo zgradile prepoznaven, konsistenten in déležnikom prijazen sloves mesta. Ugotovitve so velika priložnost za uprave mest in potrjujejo, da je k upravljanju mest treba pristopati celovito.
Haifa was named a 'mixed city' by the British, who ruled Palestine from 1917 to 1948, in reference to the two national communities that inhabited the town. This definition was not neutral, and ...reflected the Brits aspirations to create national coexistence in Palestine among the diverse urban societies.
Reality was more complicated. The basic assumption of this paper follows the idea that the bi-national urban society of Mandatory Haifa developed into dual society, albeit with much overlapping in economic and civil matters, but takes it one step further: through highlighting changes in the urban landscape, I wish to argue dominance of the national European modern Hebrew society over the Palestinian-Arabs and the traditional and oriental Jewish societies and ideas alike. The changes in the urban landscape tell us the story of Zionism's growing influence and dominance, and the way the urban landscape was used to embody Zionism's modern European ethos. The neighbourhood's segregation, therefore, represents not only the effort to separate but to create a modern national 'sense of place' that influenced the city development.
The research used different indicators to objectively evaluate the quality of residential environment in Ljubljana at the outset of the second decade of the 21st century. Residential environment was ...defined as the characteristics of the dwelling and its immediate and wider surroundings that are pertinent for satisfying general human needs and for performing basic human functions. The elements of the residential environment were arranged into seven groups: dwelling characteristics, safety, aesthetics, accessibility to urban amenities, environmental strain, social environment, and transportation conditions. The quality of the residential environment as a whole was measured accurately to the building using the method of summing the unweighted standardised indicators. We concluded that the quality of the residential environment in Ljubljana differs significantly between areas. The study results can be useful to city authorities and spatial planners as a support in the decision-making for management as well as planning purposes~for example, as the basis for improving the residential environment or for determining the appropriate locations for residential construction.
How to leverage existing resources to meet the current and future needs of cities
Crumbling streets and bridges. Poorly performing schools and inadequate social services. These are common complaints ...in cities, which too often struggle just to keep the lights on, much less make the long-term investments necessary for future generations.
It doesn't have to be this way. This book by two internationally recognized experts in public finance describes a new way of restoring economic vitality and financial stability to cities, using steps that already have been proven remarkably successful. The key is unlocking social, human, and economic wealth that cities already own but is out of sight-or "hidden." A focus on existing public wealth helps to shift attention and resources from short-term spending to longer-term investments that can vastly raise the quality of life for many generations of urban residents.
A crucial first step is to understand a city's balance sheet-too few cities comprehend how valuable a working tool this can be. With this in hand, taxpayers, politicians, and investors can better recognize the long-term consequences of political decisions and make choices that mobilize real returns rather than rely on more taxes, debt, or austerity.
Another hidden asset is real estate. Even poor cities own large swathes of poorly utilized land, or they control underperforming utilities and other commercial assets. Most cities could more than double their investments with smarter use of these commercial assets. Managing the city's assets smartly through the authors' proposed Urban Wealth Funds-at arm's-length from short-term political influence-will enable cities to ramp up much needed infrastructure investments.