This paper presents a quantitative-mechanistic model for assessing the probability of failure along pipelines due to their interaction with landslides. The model input parameters include elevation, ...soil thickness, soil mechanical and hydraulic properties, rainfall and evapotranspiration series, pipeline alignment, and pipe properties. Given that a high level of uncertainty characterizes some of these properties, they can be defined as probability density functions. The landslide occurrence and pipeline failure probabilities in each point are thus estimated by means of Monte Carlo simulations, and these probabilities are mapped to hazard exposure levels using a linguistic scale. Finally, in order to illustrate the capabilities of the model, a pipeline in central Colombia is used as a case study. The model is characterized by its simplicity, its computational efficiency, and its independence from calibration procedures at the slope scale. In this sense, it can be seen as a valuable tool that complements existing methodologies and can provide useful information to support decision-making processes.
•We present a model for estimating landslide and pipeline failure probabilities.•The model is simple, efficient, and independent from slope calibration procedures.•The model complements existing methodologies for decision-making processes.•A pipeline in Colombia is used as case study to illustrate the model's capabilities.
Kleptoparasitism, or food theft, is seldom reported in wild populations of snakes. Here, we describe as case where two Red-tailed Coral Snakes, Micrurus mipartitus , were observed competing for the ...same caecilian prey, either Caecilia leucocephala or C. perdita . This took place at night in a rainforest habitat in Valle del Cauca Department, western Colombia. Upon our arrival, the battle had already started as the two coral snakes kept bite-holds on the caecilian. They continued biting the prey at different places on the anterior parts and tugging in opposite directions. The snakes also made rotations along the longitudinal axis as they maintained their bite-holds. Surprisingly, one snake also bit the body of the other snake once. After 17 minutes of observation, the losing coral snake released its bite-hold on the caecilian. The winner then moved away from the losing snake which did not follow. It is well-known that M. mipartitus and other coral snakes eat caecilians, but this is the first observation of kleptoparasitism in elapid snakes in the wild. It is considered likely that they rely on chemoreception when detecting caecilians, notably in this case as two coral snakes detected the same prey item. In general, kleptoparasitism may occur more frequently amongst snakes than indicated by the very few published cases considering that numerous cases from captivity are known.
In this article, we describe the dataset on the conditions for gender-based violence (GBV) for women in four municipalities of Colombia: Cali, Buenaventura, Jamundí, and Yumbo. The database was ...developed by the Observatory for Women's Equity (OEM), an entity resulting from an alliance between Universidad Icesi and Fundación WWB Colombia. The OEM's purpose is to construct measurements that make it possible to account for GBV suffered by women. The following types of violence were classified: psychological violence, physical violence, sexual violence, workplace violence, and economic violence. In addition to the module on GBV, the survey has other modules with which to establish a socioeconomic characterization of women and households, through which to identify how these conditions can be linked to GBV. The sample size was 1,593 women in the four mentioned municipalities.
El Valle del Cauca es uno de los departamentos donde más impactos ha tenido el conflicto armado. Históricamente, ha tenido una tradición agroindustrial, y gran parte de su territorio se caracteriza ...por zonas rurales en las que se desarrolla esta actividad económica. Algunas investigaciones sugieren que los emprendimientos desarrollados en las zonas rurales configuran un pilar fundamental para la construcción de paz, por el impacto en el desarrollo económico y social, así como en los procesos de construcción de tejido social, reparación y reincorporación a la vida civil. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la articulación de los emprendimientos rurales con las apuestas de construcción de paz en el Valle del Cauca. La discusión se desarrolla desde las nociones de ecosistema de emprendimiento y emprendimiento rural. Los resultados evidencian una desarticulación del emprendimiento rural con los ecosistemas de emprendimiento del departamento, y con las apuestas de construcción de paz.
Las empresas requieren el desarrollo de prácticas de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial – RSE que sean un medio de relación con sus grupos de interés y que evidencien cómo contribuyen en la ...satisfacción de las necesidades de los mismos. Este artículo busca realizar un análisis descriptivo de las prácticas de RSE por grupo de interés que se presentan en la literatura y hacer un comparativo con las prácticas que reportan las PYMES más exportadoras del Valle del Cauca. Para lo cual se realiza una revisión de los artículos académicos entre 2010 y 2020 y se hace un análisis de contenido sobre las prácticas de RSE publicadas en las páginas web de las PYMES más exportadoras del Valle del Cauca de acuerdo al reporte de la Cámara de Comercio de Cali en el año 2020, teniendo como base de comparación las dimensiones de RSE económica, filantrópica y ético-legal planteadas por Carroll. Los resultados indican que el grupo de interés que mayor cantidad de prácticas percibe por parte de las PYMES analizadas son los empleados y que la dimensión de RSE que más prácticas tienen es la ético-legal. Por último, se halla que múltiples prácticas van dirigidas a dos o más grupos de interés lo que permite una optimización de recursos y un mejor alcance por práctica de RSE aplicada en las PYMES.
Based on a single specimen collected in La Delfina, municipality of Dagua, department of Valle del Cauca, we fills a record gap of 255 km in the distribution of the snake Tantilla alticola in western ...Colombia.
Este trabajo analiza las estrategias de los comerciantes de Santander y Valle del Cauca (Colombia) para conectarse con el mundo durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. El análisis parte de la ...hipótesis que ambas regiones no se encontraban aisladas, pese a estar lejos del mar, sino que ambas superaron esa barrera con estrategias tendientes a crear redes mercantiles nacionales e internacionales. A partir del concepto de redes mercantiles de Reinhard Liehr, identificamos: los comerciantes, la forma de conectarse a los puertos del Caribe y las redes agenciales y marítimas que construyeron. Finalmente, presentamos una comparación entre ambas regiones, la cual da cuenta de una integración comercial permanente a base de redes que eliminó el aislamiento. Las fuentes de consulta empleadas son: aduanas, manifiestos de importación, periódicos, publicaciones oficiales y registros notariales.
The Serranía de los Paraguas is a mountainous region situated in the central part of the Cordillera Occidental of Colombia. It rises some 2500 m above the wet forest and supports a high concentration ...of species richness and endemism for plants and terrestrial vertebrates (amphibians, birds, and mammals). In the case of amphibians, 61 named species occurring in The Serranía de los Paraguas are recognized in the literature, which are mostly the works of J.D. Lynch and P. Ruíz-Carranza in the 1990s. During a 9-d survey in the wet season (19–27 July 2019) on the Reserva Natural Comunitaria Cerro El Inglés (one of the hills of the Serranía de los Paraguas) on the frontier between Chocó and Valle del Cauca departments, we discovered two new species of the genus Pristimantis. Both species share a divided palmar tubercle as well as a distinctive color pattern on the groin, of which both are distinctive within Pristimantis. The first new species is distinguished by its small size and having a distinctive carmine red color pattern on groin, uniform lateral fringes on fingers (no crenulated), palmar tubercle deeply bifid (or divided), advertisement call composed of a short single note distinctly pulsed, and absence of nuptial pads as well as hyperdistal tubercles, inner tarsal tubercle and fold, and partial fusion of Toe IV and V. The second new species is distinguished by having dermal ridges on scapular region, conical tubercle on upper eyelid and heel, palmar tubercle divided, differentiated tympanic membrane, males with vocal slits, orange spots on groin, advertisement call composed of distinctly pulsed 6–8 notes, and absence of dorsolateral folds as well as cranial crest, hyperdistal tubercles, and toe webbing. Considering these new species, the number of amphibians inhabiting the Serranía de los Paraguas has increased to 63 species. It is important to point out that within this outstanding species richness of amphibians, there are 10 endemic species and 17 threatened species according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List (7 Critically Endangered, 5 Endangered, and 5 Vulnerable). Likewise, it is noteworthy that 29 terraranan species can be found in the Reserva Natural Comunitaria Cerro El Inglés. Thus, based on the species richness, endemism, diversity at higher taxonomic levels, and the number of threatened species, it seems reasonable to say that the Serranía de los Paraguas is a priority site for conservation of amphibians in Colombia.
PDF
