Una especie nueva de Ericaceae (Vaccinieae) del Valle del Cauca (Colombia), Themistoclesia diazii, es descrita, ilustrada y discutida. Esta especie nueva tiene una morfología floral peculiar que no ...se ha observado en otros miembros del género. Hasta la fecha, esta especie es muy rara y sólo se conoce de los parches de bosque montano que rodean plantaciones de té. Palabras clave. Themistoclesia, Ericaceae, Valle del Cauca, Cordillera Occidental, Andes, Colombia. A new species of Ericaceae (Vaccinieae) from the Colombian Valle del Cauca, Themistoclesia diazii, is here described, illustrated, and discussed. The new species has a peculiar floral morphology that has not previously been observed in the genus. The species is very rare and known only from patches of montane forest that surround tea plantations. Key words. Themistoclesia, Ericaceae, Valle del Cauca, Western Cordillera, Andes, Colombia.
The Indo-african beetle Digitonthophagus gazella was introduced into the Americas as a bio-controller of parasites and flies in livestock systems. This dung scarab is characterized for its high ...dispersal ability, reproduction and efficient use of cattle manure. In Colombia, the most recent survey situated this beetle only in lowland areas. In the present study D. gazella was found in two new Colombian departments (Meta and Valle del Cauca) and its presence was confirmed in Antioquia. In this study, few individuals were collected and they were associated with vegetation systems with poor cover, such as livestock pastures and sugar cane monoculture, suggesting early stages of colonization and corroborating the preference of the species for open areas. Besides with the range extension with new records, this work also provides insights on D. gazella apparent colonization above 500 m of altitude. The distribution of this species across the Magdalena River valley appears to be associated with inter-department bovine transport. The importance of a continuous monitoring of the dispersion of D. gazella in Colombia, to establish its dispersal rate, habitat preference and pest status is also highlighted.
A new species of Lymanopoda Westwood, a cloud forest Neotropical genus of Satyrinae, is described from the páramo grasslands on an isolated, peripheral massif in the Colombian Central Cordillera of ...the Andes: L. flammigera Pyrcz, Prieto & Boyer, sp. n. The genus Lymanopoda is species-rich (approx. 65 species) and its alpha taxonomy is relatively well researched. Relationships within the genus using molecular data have also been explored. The new species is outstanding for its golden yellow colour in males, not found in any other neotropical Satyrinae. Cladograms were constructed based on COI sequences of 47 species of Lymanopoda (~70% of the known species) including 17 from Colombia. The new species segregates in the "tolima" clade, which comprises four other high altitude Colombian species, as well as two from Ecuador. However, it is the comparative analysis of male genitalia, in particular the superuncus and valvae, which identified its closest relatives, thus confi rming that genital characters can help ref i ne molecular phylogenies. In addition to identifying species using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA barcodes), nucleotide sites with unique fixed states used to identify nine species of Lymanopoda from Colombia are also presented.
A new species of Pleurothallis from Valle del Cauca, Colombia, is described and illustrated. Pleurothallis ottocari is similar to the Ecuadorian P. scoparum, but differs in the widely elliptic leaf, ...the smaller flowers, the incurved dorsal sepal, the purplish-tinted petals, which are conspicuously curved downwards above the middle, and the basally sub-truncate lip. Brief comments are given as to the reason for not using the generic names Ancipitia and Colombiana, to which the new species would otherwise belong.
//ABSTRACT IN SPANISH: OBJETIVO: Explorar las posibles asociaciones entre la prevalencia autonotificada de enfermedades catastróficas, tales como la insuficiencia renal crónica, la infección por el ...VIH/sida y el cáncer, y un conjunto de determinantes sociales estructurales. MÉTODOS: Se llevó a cabo un estudio ecológico mediante el empleo de datos del Censo de Población del 2005, realizado por el Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE) y centrado en los municipios del departamento colombiano del Valle del Cauca que experimentaron las tasas más altas de prevalencia de enfermedades catastróficas durante el período del 2000 al 2005. Se midieron las asociaciones mediante la prueba estadística de ji al cuadrado de Pearson y la prueba exacta de Fisher. Se calcularon las razones de prevalencia con intervalos de confianza de 95%. RESULTADOS: Se observaron asociaciones estadísticamente significativas entre las enfermedades catastróficas y los determinantes sociales estructurales en forma de analfabetismo, infraestructura sanitaria deficiente, calidad de las viviendas y acceso a los servicios de salud. CONCLUSIONES: En este contexto, se observó una función de determinación social de las enfermedades catastróficas. Sin embargo, se requieren nuevos estudios que comprueben la complejidad de los procesos determinantes de la salud y exploren a fondo las interrelaciones entre los determinantes sociales, estructurales, conductuales y psicosociales. //ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH: OBJECTIVE: To explore possible associations between self-reported prevalence of catastrophic illnesses such as chronic renal failure, HIV/AIDS and cancer and a set of structural social determinants. METHODS: Ecological study using data from the 2005 Population Census conducted by the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE), focusing on municipalities in the Colombian department of Valle del Cauca that experienced the highest prevalence rates for catastrophic illnesses during 2000-2005. Associations were measured with Pearson's chi-squared statistic and Fisher's Exact Test. Prevalence ratios were calculated, with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: Statistically significant associations were observed between catastrophic illnesses and social structural determinants in the form of illiteracy, deficient sanitary infrastructure, quality of housing units and access to health services. CONCLUSIONS: A role was observed for social determination of catastrophic illnesses in this context. However, additional analyses are required that recognize the complexity of health-determining processes and that explore the interrelationships among social, structural, behavioral and psychosocial determinants in depth.
The larva and female of
are described and illustrated, and compared with the larva and female of
The larva of
differs from that of
in having sternum 8 divided in five sclerites, abdominal segments 8 ...and 9 with small, low protuberances on the tergites and male's epiproct as long as its basal width, mainly. The female of
differs from that of
in having the apical lobes of vulvar lamina wider, with divergent tips.
is recorded for Colombia for the first time.
We compiled and analyzed data gathered from observations during the period 2001-2013 in three sectors along La Vieja river, located in the Cauca river valley, Colombia. We describe spatial and ...temporal aspects of such dataset, focusing in indentify patterns of species’ composition and abundance. We recorded 28 waterbird species in 33 transects, being 22 species observed in more than 50 % of these transects. The species richness among transects did not shows significant differences. However, two cluster analyses, considering both presence/absence and abundance data, showed that there is spatial structure in the species composition along the river. In contrast, although observations were conducted during more than ten years there is no evidence of temporal changes in species composition. Still, some species showed increase ordecrease trends in their frequency. We present a new record for one species (Chloroceryle aenea) for the region. Despite that the landscape surrounding La Vieja river have faced a high anthropogenic impact, the river still presents a significant diversity of waterbirds, which could add value to the conservation plans in the zone. PATRONES DE LA COMPOSICIÓN DE AVES ACUÁTICAS EN EL RÍO LA VIEJA, VALLE GEOGRÁFICO DEL RÍO CAUCA, COLOMBIA RESUMEN Compilamos y analizamos los datos de observaciones realizadas entre los años 2001 y 2013 en tres sectores a lo largo del cauce del río La Vieja, ubicado en el valle geográfico del río Cauca, Colombia. Describimos los datos espacial y temporalmente, enfocándonos en identificar patrones de composición y abundancia de especies. Registramos 28 especies de aves acuáticas en 33 transectos, siendo 22 especies observadas en más del 50 % de los transectos. Las diferencias en el número de especies por transecto no fueron significativas entre los tres sectores del río. Sin embargo, dos análisis de agrupamiento, considerando tanto los datos de presencia/ausencia como de abundancia, indicaron que la composición de especies presenta estructura espacial a lo largo del río. En contraste, aunque las observaciones se realizaron durante más de diez años no se encontró evidencia de cambios temporales en la composición de especies. No obstante, algunas especies mostraron tendencias de aumento o disminución en su frecuencia. Presentamos el nuevo registro de una especie (Chloroceryle aenea) para la región. A pesar de que el paisaje asociado al río La Vieja ha sufrido un gran impacto antropogénico, aún conserva una diversidad significativa de aves acuáticas que pueden servir para aportar valor a los planes de conservación en la zona.
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