Retrospective comparative study.
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether preoperative depressive symptoms, measured by mental component score of the Short Form-12 survey (MCS-12), ...influence patient-reported outcome measurements (PROMs) following an anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) surgery for cervical degeneration.
There is a paucity of literature regarding preoperative depression and PROMs following ACDF surgery for cervical degenerative disease.
Patients who underwent an ACDF for degenerative cervical pathology were identified. A score of 45.6 on the MCS-12 was used as the threshold for depression symptoms, and patients were divided into two groups based on this value: depression (MCS-12 ≤45.6) and nondepression (MCS-12 >45.6) groups. Outcomes including Neck Disability Index (NDI), physical component score of the Short Form-12 survey (PCS-12), and Visual Analogue Scale Neck (VAS Neck), and Arm (VAS Arm) pain scores were evaluated using independent sample t test, recovery ratios, percentage of patients reaching the minimum clinically important difference, and multiple linear regression - controlling for factors such as age, sex, and BMI.
The depression group was found to have significantly worse baseline pain and disability than the nondepression group in NDI (P < 0.001), VAS Neck pain (P < 0.001), and VAS Arm pain (P < 0.001) scores. Postoperatively, both groups improved to a similar amount with surgery based on the recovery ratio analysis. The depression group continued to have worse scores than the nondepression group in NDI (P = 0.010), PCS-12 (P = 0.026), and VAS Arm pain (P = 0.001) scores. Depression was not a significant predictor of change in any PROMs based on regression analysis.
Patients who presented with preoperative depression reported more pain and disability symptoms preoperatively and postoperatively; however, both groups achieved similar degrees of improvement.
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BackgroundRS17053 is classed as an α1A‐adrenoceptor selective antagonist.ObjectivesWe have examined its profile of action at all subtypes of α1‐adrenoceptor.MethodsNoradrenaline (NA) evoked ...contractions of rat vas deferens involve α1D‐adrenoceptors in phasic contractions and α1A‐adrenoceptors in tonic contractions. Contractions of rat aorta to NA involve α1D‐ and α1B‐adrenoceptors.ResultsRS17053 (10−5 M) shifted NA potency and virtually abolished tonic contractions to NA, with little or limited effect on phasic contractions. The α1D‐adrenoceptor antagonist BMY7378 (3 × 10−7 M) significantly inhibited the remaining phasic component of the contractions, and the α1A‐adrenoceptor antagonist RS100329 (10−7 M) inhibited further the residual tonic contraction. Hence, RS17053 shows high selectivity for α1A‐adrenoceptors over α1D‐adrenoceptors in rat vas deferens. However, RS17053 (10−5 M) produced a large shift in the potency of NA in rat aorta, with a pKB of 6.82. Large shifts of NA potency in rat aorta involve α1B‐adrenoceptor blockade.ConclusionResults in rat vas deferens demonstrate low potency of RS17053 at α1D‐adrenoceptors, but results from rat aorta can only be explained as demonstrating α1B‐adrenoceptor antagonism by RS17053. RS17053 may be a useful pharmacological tool when reclassified as a mainly α1A‐ and to a lesser extent α1B‐adrenoceptor antagonist with little effect at α1D‐adrenoceptors.
Vas deferens is a conduit for sperm and fluid from the epididymis to the urethra. The duct is surrounded by a thick smooth muscle layer. To map the actin cytoskeleton of the duct and its epithelium, ...we reacted sections of the proximal and distal regions with fluorescent phalloidin. Confocal microscopic imaging showed that the cylinder‐shaped epithelium of the proximal region has a thick apical border of actin filaments that form microvilli. The epithelium of the distal region is covered with tall stereocilia (13–18 µm) that extend from the apical border into the lumen. In both regions, the lateral and basal cell borders showed a thin lining of actin cytoskeleton. The vas deferens epithelium contains various channels to regulate the fluid composition in the lumen. We mapped the localization of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), aquaporin‐9 (AQP9), and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in the rat and mouse vas deferens. ENaC and AQP9 immunofluorescence were localized on the luminal surface and stereocilia and also in the basal and smooth muscle layers. CFTR immunofluorescence appeared only on the luminal surface and in smooth muscle layers. The localization of all three channels on the apical surface of the columnar epithelial cells provides clear evidence that these channels are involved concurrently in the regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance in the lumen of the vas deferens. ENaC allows the flow of Na+ ions from the lumen into the cytoplasm, and the osmotic gradient generated provides the driving force for the passive flow of water through AQP channels.
Congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens (CBAVD) results in obstructive azoospermia in which testicular function, such as spermatogenesis, is preserved. Bilateral testicular biopsy is not only ...diagnostic but also therapeutic as retrieved spermatozoa are usually cryopreserved for assisted reproduction. In this case report, CBAVD was confirmed in a 24‐year‐old azoospermic man on the basis of persistent azoospermia associated with low semen volume, absent fructose and normal hormonal levels, ultrasonographically (absent seminal vesicles) and histologically (intact spermatogenesis). Interestingly and incidentally, only the right testicular biopsy showed ova of two parasitic species of Schistosoma, namely Schistosoma haematobium which infests the genitourinary tract and Schistosoma mansoni which infests the gastrointestinal tract. Both species are rare causes of azoospermia, and the case should be further managed as CBAVD in which the left testicle is considered the preferred site of sperm retrieval for assisted reproduction.
This study detailed the histomorphology of the male reproductive system and seasonality in the reproduction of a recently described genus and species of freshwater crab Arcithelphusa cochleariformis. ...Results indicated that the testis and vas deferens underwent correlative changes in accord with the active, inactive and revival phases of spermatogenesis. The spermatogenic activity was at its peak during June evinced from large fully extended acini with full package of mature spermatozoa and low during September-February with decreased acinar dimensions, pycnotic germ cells and residual sperms. Seasonal cyclicity was also observed in the thickness of epithelium, muscle layer, diameter of lumen and the amount of luminal contents of the vas deferens. In June, the anterior and middle vas deferenswere filled with secretions and spermatophores.By September, ruptured spermatophores with freely dispersed pycnotic spermatozoa were perceptible in the anterior and middle vas deferens and lysed spermatophoric debris in posterior vas deferens.
Accumulation of pollutants in the aquatic system has a high impact on the reproductive physiology of crustaceans. The objective of the present study was to assess the possible histopathological ...effects of combined chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin (nurocombi) exposure on reproductive tissue in male freshwater crab Paratelphusa jacquemontii using light and electron microscopy. The testis of experimental crabs showed disorganization of testicular lobules, increased inters cellular space, necrosis, and cellular damage in both germinal cells and Sertoli cells. The treated vas deferens exhibited epithelial degeneration, misshaped spermatophores, decline in the number of spermatophores, and dehiscence of spermatophore wall. These clinical manifestations expressed in crabs following the exposure of nurocombi significantly reduce the testicular activity and substantially inhibits the seminal secretions, which ultimately lead to impairment of reproduction.
Freshwater crab Paratelphusa jacquemontii was studied to evaluate impacts of nurocombi
Cytopathological and ultrastructural changes developed on 7th and 28th day post‐exposure
Testis atrophied with necrosis, condensed spermatogonia, and declined sperm quality
Deteriorated spermatophores and inhibition in seminal secretion were also noticed
Substantial decline in testicular activity pose threat to reproduction impairment
Minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) for different patient outcome scores have been reported for various shoulder diseases, including shoulder arthroplasty and the nonoperative treatment ...of rotator cuff disease. The purpose of this study was to assess the MCID for the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form (ASES) score, the Simple Shoulder Test (SST), and a visual analog scale (VAS) measuring pain, after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.
A total of 202 patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair were retrospectively reviewed. ASES, SST, and VAS pain scores were collected preoperatively and at 1 year postoperatively. The MCID was then calculated via a 4-question anchor–based method.
The MCID results for the ASES, SST, and VAS pain scores were 27.1, 4.3, and 2.4, respectively. Age at time of surgery, sex, anteroposterior tear size, and worker's compensation status were not associated with MCID values (P > .05).
The MCID values determined in the current study are higher than those previously identified for the nonoperative treatment of rotator cuff disease using the same anchor questions. Use of these higher values should be considered when evaluating improvements of individual patients after rotator cuff repair, to determine comparative effectiveness of various rotator cuff repair techniques and to determine sample sizes for prospective comparative trials of rotator cuff repair methods.
Retrospective cohort study.
The goal of the present study was to determine whether neck pain responds differently to anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) between patients with cervical ...radiculopathy and/or cervical myelopathy.
Many patients who undergo ACDF because of radiculopathy/myelopathy also complain of neck pain. However, no studies have compared the response of significant neck pain to ACDF.
Patients undergoing one to three-level primary ACDF for radiculopathy and/or myelopathy with significant (Visual Analogue Scale VAS ≥ 3) neck pain and a minimum of 1-year follow-up were included. Based on preoperative symptoms patients were split into groups for analysis: radiculopathy (R group), myelopathy (M group), or both (MR group). Groups were compared for differences in Health Related Quality of Life outcomes: Physical Component Score-12, Mental Component Score (MCS)-12, Neck Disability Index, VAS neck, and VAS arm pain.
Two hundred thirty-five patients met inclusion criteria. There were 117 patients in the R group, 53 in the M group, and 65 in the MR group. Preoperative VAS neck pain was found to be significantly higher in the R group versus M group (6.5 vs. 5.5; P = 0.046). Postoperatively, all cohorts experienced significant (P < 0.001) reduction in VAS neck pain, (ΔVAS neck; R group: -2.9, M: -2.5, MR: -2.5) with no significant differences between groups. However, myelopathic patients showed greater improvement in absolute MCS-12 scores (P = 0.011), RR (P = 0.006), and % minimum clinically important difference (P = 0.013) when compared with radiculopathy patients. This greater improvement remained following regression analysis (P = 0.025).
Patients with substantial preoperative neck pain experienced significant reduction in their neck pain, disability, and physical function following ACDF, whether treated for radiculopathy or myelopathy. However, in this study, only myelopathy patients had significant improvements in their mental function as represented by MCS improvements.
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