With the growing concern over range anxiety among electric vehicle (EV) owners due to limited battery capacity and sparse charging infrastructure, EV-to-EV (V2V) energy sharing emerges as a crucial ...solution to extend driving range. Leveraging the vehicular energy network (VEN) enabled by dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT) technology, energy sharing among EVs in motion becomes feasible. However, the effective establishment of communication and identification of suitable V2V energy sharing pairs pose significant challenges, particularly for EVs with discharging demands. To address this challenge, we propose a new discharging driven energy sharing protocol based on vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs). Firstly, we present a routing approach for transmitting discharging information through VANETs, considering key factors such as distance, state of charge, number of neighbor vehicles, and vehicle speed. This routing scheme facilitates efficient relay node selection on road segments and intersections, ensuring optimal communication paths. Subsequently, we formulate a charging requester selection model to identify the most suitable requester for energy sharing. This model optimizes individual utility while accounting for the state of charge of the requesters, ensuring a comprehensive and inclusive approach to V2V energy sharing. Finally, we develop an acknowledgment message transmission scheme to ensure the completion of selection acknowledgment between discharging EVs and charging EVs. This scheme includes provisions for recovery in case of forwarding link failures, ensuring robust communication in dynamic vehicular environments. Extensive simulations conducted using network simulator 2 (NS-2) demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed protocol in terms of packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, and overall V2V energy sharing efficiency.
Internal barriers in the procurement process and pharmaceutical supply planning are barriers that can be controlled through interventions. The research focuses on proposing changes to the ...pharmaceutical supply management system, particularly in the aspects of planning and procurement within the internal team of the RSPG Cisarua Bogor. The intervention in this research applying lean six sigma extends only up to the “improve” phase. Data collection involves in-depth interviews with informants involved in the pharmaceutical supply planning and procurement process, as well as observation and document analysis. The research ends in group discussions to reach an agreement. The research findings reveal that a lack of established procedures in the pharmaceutical supply procurement process contributes to prolonged procedures and the absence of efficiency benchmarks within the system. Moreover, an unavailability of tools to facilitate the pharmaceutical supply procurement process causes low internal team communication. The “improve” phase of lean six sigma leads to proposed changes to the standards of operational procedures for routine pharmaceutical procurement, indicator applications of procurement efficiency and the utilization of the ABC VEN functioning as a tool within the pharmaceutical supply procurement process. The proposed improvement to tackle the matter includes the utilization of ABC VEN and efficiency indicators to overcome waste overproduction identified during the pharmaceutical supply planning process. In addition, it also involves the establishment of a new standard of operating procedure covering timelines, tools for pharmaceutical supply categorization based on ABC VEN and procurement efficiency indicator to handle waste waiting during the pharmaceutical supply procurement process.
This article examines the staging of children as consumers in the first Danish children’s magazine Ungdommens Ven (1770). By investigating texts that portray children and their use of pocket money, ...with an emphasis on texts in which this use is directly linked to the purchasing of the magazine itself, the article argues that the staging of children as consumers may be seen in the context of children’s increasingly important role in the book market and print culture during the second half of the 18th century. Through a discussion of how children appear as readers, consumers, and subscribers in the magazine, the article demonstrates how Ungdommens Ven is educative in at least two interwoven ways. First, by instructing the readers in how to spend one’s money wisely, and second, by inculcating the knowledge of how to be magazine readers as well as purchasers, initiating children into the economic aspects of the specific publication and into consumer culture more generally. Taking one of the early children’s magazines in Denmark as its point of departure, the article identifies some significant changes in print and consumer culture before the emergence of a mass market, accentuating the role of children and their magazines in these developments.
The objective of this study is to analyze the annual medicines imported by private sector for the period between 2012 and 2015 with the help of priority system based on ABC-VEN matrix analysis and ...therapeutic category analysis.
A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted. The Always, Better, and Control (ABC) analysis based on drug expenditure and Vital, Essential, and Nonessential (VEN) analysis based on the criticality of the drugs was performed for annual importation in 2015.
Using ABC analysis, we found that 47 items (9.2%) accounted for 70% of the budget (class A), whereas a larger numbers of items (344; 67.2%) accounted for only 10% of the importation costs (class C). A moderate number of items (120; 23.5%) comprised 20% of the annual medicine importation value (class B). VEN analysis revealed that 89 items (17.4%) in the vital category constituted 41.6% of the importation value, whereas 349 (68.3%) grouped as essential constituted 45.1% of the value, and 73 (14.2%) of the items considered as nonessential medicines consumed only 13.3% of the total medicines imported in 2015. From the resultant ABC-VEN coupled matrix, three categories were created I, II and III.
In view of limited resources, it is important that the existing resources should be utilized appropriately. This study identified a range of suggestions for better medication importation. The ABC and VEN analyses along with the therapeutic category analysis technique are convenient, systematic, and replicable methods and should be adopted for optimization and prioritization of resources.
Objective: Coagulation anomalies in patients with thyroid dysfunction may vary from subclinical disorders in laboratory tests to life threatening thrombotic events or bleeding. We aimed to determine ...the effect of thyroid dysfunction on thrombophilia in patients with acute and subacute deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
Materials and Methods: A number of 30 patients with the diagnosis of DVT between November 2015 and June 2016 included in this case - control study. The patients divided into two groups as provoked (with known ethiology, n = 13) and unprovoked (with un-known ethiology, n = 17) patients. Provoked patients group divided as the patients with acquired risk factors (predisposition) and/or the patients with genetic risk factors.
Results: The difference of the rate of the thyroid dysfunction between the provoked and unprovoked groups was not significant (p=0.844). The PAI – 1 gene mutation was detected in 70% of the study cohort and none of the patients had prothrombin gene mutation. The most provocative factors for DVT were male gender and undergoing a major surgery in the last three months.
Conclusions: There was no correlation between acute – subacute DVT and thyroid dysfunction in this study. Therefore, we think that the ‘provocative factors’ may support the relation of thyroid dysfunction and venous thromboembolism (VTE). We think that more studies with larger cohorts and prospective should be conducted about this subject.
Amaç: Tiroid disfonksiyonu olan hastalarda koagülasyon bozuklukları, subklinik laboratuvar anormalliklerinden hayatı tehdit eden kanamalara veya trombotik olaylara kadar uzanır. Çalışmamızda, akut-subakut DVT tespit edilen hastalarda, trombofili sebebi olarak tiroid disfonksiyonu araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Kasım 2015 ile Haziran 2016 arasında DVT tanısı almış 30 hasta bu vaka kontrol çalışmasına dahil edilmiştir. Hastalar provoke (bilinen etiyolojisi olan, n = 13) ve provoke edilmemiş (bilinmeyen etiyolojisi olan n = 17) hastalar olarak iki gruba ayrıldı. Provoke hasta grubu edinsel risk faktörleri (yatkınlık) ve / veya genetik risk faktörleri olan hastalar olarak ayrıldı.
Bulgular: Proveke grup ve Unprovake gruplar arasında tiroit disfonksiyonu sıklığı arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunamamıştır (p=0.844). DVT geçiren hastalarımızın %70’inde PAI-1 gen mutasyonuna rastlanırken, Protrombin gen mutasyonu hastaların hiçbirinde tespit edilememiştir. Provake eden faktörler arasında en sık erkek cinsiyet ve 3 ay içinde majör cerrahi geçirmiş olma bulunmuştur.
Sonuç: Çalışmamızda akut-subakut DVT teşhis edilen hastalar ile tiroit disfonksiyonu birlikteliği arasında net bir ilişki bulunamamıştır. Bu nedenle 'provokatif faktörlerin' tiroid disfonksiyonu ile venöz tromboembolizm (VTE) ilişkisini destekleyebileceğini düşünüyoruz.Bu konuda prospektif ve daha geniş kohortlu çalışmaların yapılması gerektiğini düşünüyoruz.
Aims
The loss of von Economo neurons (VENs) and GABA receptor subunit theta (GABRQ) containing neurons is linked to early changes in social–emotional cognition and is seen in frontotemporal dementia ...(FTD) due to C9orf72 repeat expansion. We investigate the vulnerability of VENs and GABRQ‐expressing neurons in sporadic and genetic forms of FTD with different underlying molecular pathology and their association with the presence and severity of behavioural symptoms.
Methods
We quantified VENs and GABRQ‐immunopositive neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in FTD with underlying TDP43 (FTLD‐TDP) (n = 34), tau (FTLD‐tau) (n = 24) or FUS (FTLD‐FUS) (n = 8) pathology, neurologically healthy controls (n = 12) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) (n = 7). Second, we quantified VENs and the GABRQ‐expressing population in relation to presence of behavioural symptoms in the first years of disease onset.
Results
The number of VENs and GABRQ‐expressing neurons and the ratio of VENs and GABRQ‐expressing neurons over total Layer 5 neuronal population decreased in FTLD‐TDP and FTLD‐FUS, but not in FTLD‐tau, compared to control and AD. The severity of early behavioural symptoms in all donors correlated with a lower VEN and GABRQ neuronal count.
Conclusion
We show that in FTD, a loss of VENs together with GABRQ‐expressing pyramidal neurons is associated with TDP43 and FUS pathology. No significant loss was found in donors with FTLD‐tau pathology; however, this could be due to the specific MAPT mutation studied and small sporadic FTLD‐tau sample size. Overall, we show the GABRQ‐expressing population correlates with behavioural changes and suggest they are key in modulating behaviour in FTD.
The GABA receptor subunit theta (GABRQ)‐expressing neurons include the von Economo neurons (VENs), of which selective vulnerability has been linked to FTD in the earliest stages of the disease. In this study, we show there is selective loss of GABRQ‐expressing neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex in FTD with underlying TDP‐43 and FUS pathologies but not with tau pathology. Additionally, we find the selective loss of GABRQ‐expressing neurons to be associated with the behavioural symptom severity seen in FTD.
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