Original language summary:
Díl ze seriálu, který přibližuje mladým chlapcům jednotlivé složky armády, nás tentokrát zavede mezi čestnou jednotku pražské posádky.
Extended description:
Malého ...Františka trápí, kde se v Praze na přehlídkách berou vždy ti dobře vypadající a upravení vojáci, tak se vypraví do Vojenského historického ústavu. Před jeho vchodem ho zaujme vystavený tank a pan generál s důstojníkem mu objasní, že jde o slavný sovětský tank T-34 z 2. sv. války. Náhodou jdou oba na kontrolu čestné jednotky, takže František má šanci se vše o čestné stráži dozvědět. Kromě přehlídek jsou povinností těchto vojáku hlídky v ulicích nebo u vojenských objektů. Příprava pro takovou službu je tvrdá a i tito vojáci musejí umět bojovat jako ostatní. Ale teď už, Františku, rychle domů, úkoly do školy nepočkají.
Little Francis is worrying about where those always good looking and groomed soldiers in parades in Prague come from and so he goes to the Military History Institute. He finds the exposed tank in front of the entrance of the institute interesting and a general and an officer explain him that this is the famous Soviet tank T-34 from World War II. They happen to go to review a unit of honour and so Francis has a chance to learn everything about the guard of honour. In addition to parades, the duties of these soldiers are patrols in streets or at military premises. Preparation for such service is hard and also these soldiers must be able to fight like the others. But now, Francis, go quickly home, homework will not wait.
Information:
An episode of the series describing individual branches of the army to young boys will take us among the unit of honour of Prague garrison this time.
Extended description:
Partizanske smučarske tekme v Cerknem 20. in 21. 1. 1945
Cerkno je bilo na prehodu iz 1944 na 1945 leto prava partizanska prestolnica Primorske. Tu je bil sedež vojaških in ...zalednih oblasti, ter vrsta najrazličnejših delavnic, med katerimi je bila še posebej uspešna smučarka, ki jo je že pred vojno vodil znani planiški junak Rudi Finžgar. V njej so izdelovali tudi smuči za takrat že dokaj številne smučarske vode in čete. In prav v tej delavnici so se domenili, da bodo pripravili smučarske tekme.
Pod pokroviteljstvom štaba 31. Divizije so jih zares pripravili 20. in 21. januarja 1945.
V soboto so bili patruljni teki na pobočju nad sedanjo šolo. Tekmovalo je sedem tričlanskih ekip, sestavljenih iz borcev posameznih brigad. Ti so med tekom morali tudi streljati, vendar ne v tarče, ampak kar v steklenice - kijantarice.
V nedeljo dopoldne so imeli preizkušnjo na veleslalomski progi. Izjava Janko Štefe.
Največja atrakcija so bili smučarski skoki v nedeljo popoldne. Lep sončen dan, prek tisoč gledalcev, borcev in domačinov ter 40 članska divizijska godba so pripomogli , da so bile tekme v res enkratnem vzdušju. Izjava Rudi Finžgar.
No in bolj kot zanimivost, še izidi tekmovanja: v tekih je zmagala patrulja Prešernove brigade druga je bila trojka Vojkove, tretja pa patrulja Gradnikove brigade, ki je bila najboljša tudi v streljanju.
V veleslalomu je zmagal Janko Štefe, i je za 5 sekund premagal Rudija Finžgarja, tretji pa je bil Marjan Masterle.
V smučarskih skokih je zmagal Rudi Finžgar. Na uradnem tekmovanju je skočil 25 metrov, pozneje izven konkurence pa še dvakrat po 31 metrov. Drugi je bil Alojz Potočnik in tretji Janko Štefe.
Tekmovanje v Cerknem je imelo velik odmev daleč naokoli, saj so ga pripravili tako rekoč sredi bojev, kjer je bil tedaj edinstven dogodek v Evropi.
Information:
Cerkno: ski competitions on liberated territory during WW2.
Original language summary:
Cerkno: smučarske tekme na osvobojenem ozemlju med drugo svetovno vojno.
Original language summary:
Ukázka z polohraného filmu z vojenského prostředí, podbarveného verši Arna Krause. Pomocí patetické „poezie“ je vyprávěn příběh mladíka, který odešel na vojnu jako chlapec ...a dozrál zde v muže. V hlavní roli normalizačního kýče Viktor Preiss.
Extended description:
Popis celého pořadu:
Grafomanská poema má děj. Je to příběh mladého vojáka Honzy, který se nejprve straní kolektivu,ujme se např. poraženého smrčku a zasadí ho. Velitel píše na Janovo pracoviště, ten chlapec je nějaký divný-a dozví se,že příčinou je to,že je jedináček.Jan se ale posléze zapojí a plní skvěle úkoly (pomáhá při žních atd.)-neboť na vojně z "dělníka,snílka,dobrodruha jsou strážci míru".Je ohrožen i jeho citový život,matka mu v dopisech domlouvá,aby se své Janě víc věnoval,že vojna není všechno.Jan jede tedy o vánocích domů a věrná dívka tam na něj čeká.Zpracování: verše jsou buď recitovány herci ve studiu,nebo mimo obraz do opakujících se záběrů z vojenského života. Pořad byl typickým produktem normalizační zidealizované televize.
Information:
An extract from a partially feature film from a military environment, accompanied by verses by Arno Kraus. A story of a young man who commenced his military service as a boy and matured into a man there is told using the sentimental “poetry”. The lead role of the normalization kitsch is played by Viktor Preiss.
Original language summary:
Další ukázka z polohraného filmu z vojenského prostředí, podbarveného verši Arna Krause. Zde je opěvována spolupráce Československé armády se zemědělci při žních.
Extended ...description:
Information:
Another extract from the partially played film from a military environment, accompanied by verses by Arno Kraus. Cooperation of the Czechoslovak Army with farmers during harvests is glorified there.
Utemeljenje transilvanijskih vojnokrajiških pukovnija nije bila samo vojna već i politička, ekonomska te do određene mjere i vjerska odluka koju je Bečki dvor donio potkraj dugog i skupog ...Sedmogodišnjeg rata (1756. – 1763.) i to pod specifičnim uvjetima i događajima koji su se događali u Transilvaniji. Ovo utemljenje vojnog sustava i pukovnija je vrlo vjerojatno glavni razlog zašto je carica Marija Terezija upamćena od strane nekoliko generacija stanovnika Transilvanije, a također ova caričina odluka pripada prema rumunjskoj historiografiji među najpoznatije i najhvaljenije poteze njezine vladavine. Sintetski pregled navedene teme u radu se temelji na relevantnim radovima rumunjske historiografije koju autor obilato upotpunjuje, obzirom na ograničenost šireg korištenja iste od strane povjesničara poradi jezika i slabe diseminacije, najrelevantnijim radovima međunarodne (uglavnom njemačke i austrijske) historiografije. U radu se nakon kratkog uvoda i osvrta na spomenute relevantne historiografske radove, prikazuje kronološkim slijedom razvoj preduvjeta i razloga za stvaranje transilvanijskih krajiških pukovnija s osvrtom na glavne korake tog procesa. Drugi dio rada donosi kratku analizu obostranih koristi i beneficija koje su, kako za Habsburšku Monarhiju i Bečki dvor tako i za lokalno stanovništvo Transilvanije, proizašle iz uspostave vojnokrajiških pukovnija. Dodatno, donosi se i prikaz poteškoća te otpora s kojima su se vlasti susretale prilikom utemeljenja navedenih pukovnija zajedno s osvrtom na kratkoročne i srednjoročne implikacije uspostave ove vojne organizacije na društvo.
Na fotografiji so vojaki med drugo svetovno vojno. Marko Bajuk (roj. 1913), iz Železnikov, stoji na sredi.Fotografijo je prispeval Franc Nemanič z Rakovca.
Janko Bračika, feldwebel* avstro-ogrske vojske, se je boril v Galiciji, kjer so ga zajeli Rusi. Bil je v ujetništvu v Taškentu. Ko so novembra 1917 oblast prevzeli boljševiki in je Rusija izstopila ...iz vojne, je bil izpuščen. Domov se je vrnil še pred koncem vojne.*čin feldwebla naj bi odgovarjal činu narednika oz. vodnikaFotografijo je prispeval Janko Bračika.
Primjena geomorfoloških istraživanja u vojnoj analizi reljefa, temeljena na GIS me¬todama prostorne analize, vezana je u prvom redu za vojno geografsku prosudbu prostora. Pri tom se podrazumijeva ...vrednovanje reljefa s obzirom na neposredni učinak, kako na premještanje snaga, manevar, preglednost, tako i na mogućnost zaštite i maskiranja. Pro¬vedena analiza vrednovanja zemljišta unutar dijela vojnog poligona «Slunj», uključila je definiranje boniteta kategorija reljefa s obzirom na mogućnost zaštite i prikrivanja u cilju uvrštavanja geomorfološke osnovice u standardnu vojnu proceduru OCOKA (Observation and fields of fires; Cover and concealment; Obstacles and movement; Key terrain; Avenus of approach). Definirani model prostorne analize terena uključio je pet parametara reljefa (vidljivost, konkavne elemente reljefa, ekspoziciju padina, gustoću ponikava i dolina unutar jedinične površine) koji u znatnoj mjeri utječu na mogućnost zaštite i prikrivanja. Morfo¬metrijski podaci uključeni u pojedine bonitetne kategorije određeni su temeljem analize digitalnog modela reljefa primjenom GIS alata i postavljenih morfometrijskih metoda istraživanja reljefa. Na temelju postavljenog modela izračunati su parametri i izrađena je karta potencijalne zaštite i prikrivenosti, unutar pilot područja vojnog poligona «Slunj».
The main contents of this theme are compentences of army ministers in the political system of the Kingdom of Serbia, the extent these compentences were exercised and results and consequences of such ...compentances. The army ministers’ other duties and activities which originated from the Serbian policy and new situations, their engagement on the realization of such situations as well as other political activities had to be presented, too. All government bodies of Serbia that were involved in complex joint ventures related to military policy are partially covered herein in order to fully understand the role of army ministers, the role not sufficiently researched in historiography. According to the rules army minister exercised military affairs in the king’s name, thus he was at the head of „supreme commanding and administrative military power of the country“ (army ministry), governed the army, ensured supplies for it and exercised command over it in the king’s name. However, the Constitution of Serbia comprised important democratic designations, that were realized in practice. Thus it prescribed that the army was governed by the state, especially by the legislative authorities and that particular very important military actions were to be taken after hearing or decision of the Ministerial Council, which was practically taking over growing executive power in both constitutional and unconstitutional way with strengthening of parliamentarism. Accordingly, the army minister was just one among other political bodies which defined and exercised state military affairs. Civil control of army minister and the army was exercised by the National Assembly, Ministry of Finance, Chief Control and Ministerial Council. The press, using liberty of that period, wrote about almost entire army life. As segments of military and political decisions and actions, like with all other armies, were secret, especially king’s ones, thematic contents had to be searched as deeply as possible, taking into consideration numerous, seemingly, insignificant details, and applying almost all elementary methods of research in additon to operational ones, out of which quantitative analysis of contents with extensive codex was mostly used, for the purpose of better understanding of actual interests and goals, making difference between fictitious and actual actions, etc. Presenting of results is done per problems - in chronological order, with foreign affairs presented first, as then the army was, primarily, means of defence from outside attackers and for acquiring foreign affairs goals of Serbia, in the first place to liberate and unite all Serbs. The research results of the role of army ministers in the foreing affairs were the main contents of the context for presenting their roles in internal and military affairs which were described in two basic sections (third and fourth). As the Serbs in Old Serbia and Maccedonia were suffering physical extermination, the state of Serbia started to support more directly a private initiative and helped the self-organized Serbs who were living there, by equipping them militarily, sending them volunteers, money and other material support, mainly arms and ammunition. The first official running these activities (Serbian chetnik actions) was the first Army Mininster after the May overtrow Jovan Atanacković, who was a carrier of secret state operations from the time of previous dinasty. Atanackovic, being the oldest military conspirator, had a significant role in both bringing King Petar to the throne and strengthening king’s position. In the following year, 1904 this activity was transferred to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs with further engagement of army ministers. Solving of conspiracy issues were immediately imposed on Serbia, due to international political pressures as well as internal reasons. Army ministers held on to the king’s attitude on this matter. At the beginning of the Customs War, Army Minister Vasilije Antonić, as a proxy of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, had an important role in alleviating and temporary cease of the war against Austria-Hungary. In Pašić’s governments from 1906 to 1908, Army Minister R. Putnik had a technical role in forcing a solution on cannon issue. During Annexation Crisis, Army Minister S. Stepanović warned the Government and the National Assembly that Serbia was not ready to efficiently resist Austria-Hungary. During 1909, Army Minister M. Živković initiated court and parlamentarian investigation regarding irregularities in military supplies from abroad. Army ministers did not have an extinguished role in concluding the Balkan Alliance of 1912, while when the war started actions of the King, Army Minister R. Bojović, Chairman of the Ministerial Council Pašić and others provided that the war developed successfully and in accordance with the international law. However, while liberated region represented occupied territory, where according to the international law the most highly ranked military commander was to command, the radical top officials were establishing their own power, even making abuses which they prescribed by a directive which was unknown and unconstitutional in historiography, the Directive on Regulation of Liberated Regions of 1912, which was to be countersigned by Army Minister R. Bojović. The said Army Minister rejected this and submitted his resignation. Another directive was issued by the Ministerial Council at the right time when the wars ended in 1913, but it had massive oversights. In the beginning of his mandate, M. Božanović, Army Minister of that time, was indulging the radical top official and was partially to blame for initial success of the Albanian Revolt, for which suppression he mostly put conspirators on the commanding positions of operational and tactical units. Božanović could not accept a low army budget (with no funds for military supplies, etc.), so he submitted his resignation. The new Army Minister D. Stefanović was granted somewhat larger credit, however budget funds for military supplies were ensured through a loan, and the radical top officials used to carry out purchase without supervision. Besides, radical majority in the National Assembly enabled radical government to establish a kind of majority dictatorship, thus pushing the King aside and unconstitutionally trying to put the army under its power. Opposition parties fiercly opposed to this as well as most officers led by Field Marshal Putnik, Chief of Main General Staff. The Russian Ambassador N. Hardig approached the King asking him to keep Pašić in the government to please Russia. During the researched period, Serbia experienced development in all fields regardless of weaknesses. Economic development enabled the army to equip with good arms and owing to other several decades long processes in both society and the army, the army became capable of winning significant victories in the Balkan Wars.
Osnovni sadržaji teme su nadležnosti ministara vojnih u političkom sistemu Kraljevine Srbije, u kojem obimu su ih izvršavali i kakvi su rezultati i posledice toga bili. Morale su se izneti i druge njihove obaveze i radnje koje su proistekle iz politike Srbije i novonastalih situacija, njihova angažovanja na realizaciji istih, kao i druge političke aktivnosti. Pri tome su delimično obuhvaćeni svi državni subjekti Srbije u složenim zajedničkim poduhvatima u vezi vojne politike, da bi se što potpunije sagledalala uloga ministara vojnih, koja u istoriografiji nije dovoljno istražena. Normativno je bilo predviđeno da ministar vojni u ime kralja izvršava vojnu politiku, te je bio na čelu "najviše upravne i administrativne vojne vlasti zemlje" (Ministarstva vojnog), rukovodio je vojskom i snabdevao je, i u ime kralja komandovao njom. Ali, u Ustavu Srbije bilo je bitnih demokratskih određenja, koja su se ostvarivala i u praksi, te je bilo predviđeno da vojskom upravlja država, posebno zakonodavna vlast, i da se pojedine bitne vojne radnje preduzimaju posle saslušanja ili odluke Ministarskog saveta, koji je u praksi, sa jačanjem parlamentarizma, preuzimao sve veću izvršnu vlast ustavno ili neustavno. Zato je ministar vojni bio samo jedan od političkih subjekata koji su definisali i izvršavali vojnu politiku države. Civilnu kontrolu ministra vojnog i vojske vršili su Narodna skupština, Ministarstvo finansija, Glavna kontrola i Ministarski savet. Štampa, koristeći se tadašnjom slobodom, pisala je o skoro celokupnom životu vojske. Kako su delovi vojnopolitičkih odluka i radnji, kao i kod svih vojski, bili tajni, posebno kraljevih, tematski sadržaji su morali biti što dublje proučavani, sa uzimanjem u obzir i brojnih, naizgled, sitnih detalja, i primeniti skoro sve osnovne metode istraživanja a od operativnih najviše kvantitativna analiza sadržaja sa opširnim kodeksom, da bi se što bolje saznali stvarni interesi i ciljevi, razlikovale fiktivne od stvarnih radnji i dr. Iznošenje rezultata istraživanja je problemsko – hronološki, s tim da je prvo izneta spoljna politika, jer je tada vojska bila, prvenstveno, sredstvo za odbranu od spoljnih napadača i za ostvarivanje spoljnopolitičkih ciljeva Srbije, na prvom mestu: oslobođenje i ujedinjenje srpskog naroda. Rezultati istraživanja uloge ministara vojnih u spoljnoj politici bili su glavni sadržaji konteksta za iznošenje njihovih uloga u unutrašnjoj i vojnoj politici, koje su date u dva osnovna poglavlja (trećem i četvrtom). Kako se srpskom narodu u Staroj Srbiji i Makedoniji dešavalo i fizičko istrebljenje, država Srbija je počela da direktnije pomaže privatnu inicijativu da se tamošnji samoorganizovani Srbi i vojno opremaju i pomažu slanjem dobrovoljaca, novčane i druge materijalne pomoći, uglavnom oružja i municije. Prvi rukovodilac te delatnosti (srpske četničke akcije) bio je prvi ministar vojni od vremena Majskog prevrata Jovan Atanacković, koji je bio i prenosilac tajnog državnog rada iz vremena prethodne dinastije. Atanacković, kao najstariji vojni
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