An important characteristic of oral medicines, which include medicated chewing gums, is their pleasant taste. This can be achieved by adding taste coregents to their composition.
The aim: to choose ...rational flavour additives and justify the method of their introduction to the compressed medicated chewing gums that are being developed.
Materials and methods: mint (Natural Mint Flavor SD, Kerry Inc., Malaysia), apple (Nat Apple FlavorWonf, Kerry Inc., Malaysia) and banana (Banana FLV, Kerry Inc., Malaysia) have been used as powdered flavour additives. As flavourings – oil solutions: Peppermint Natural WonfFlavor, Kerry Inc., Malaysia), Apple (Nat Apple FlavorWonf, Kerry Inc., Malaysia), Strawberry (Strawberry FlavorWonf, Kerry Inc., Malaysia), Melon (Chemical-Food Aromatic PlantLLC, Russian Federation) and Lemon (Chemical-Food Aromatic Plant LLC, Russian Federation). Aerosil brand 380 (Evonik Resource Efficiency GmbH, Germany), Syloid® 244FP (Grace Discovery Sciences, USA) and Neusilin® ULP 2 (Fuji Chemical Industry Co. Ltd, Japan) have been taken as carriers. The choice of flavour additives and flavourings was made using organoleptic methods of coregents evaluation according to A. I. Tentsova and I. A.Yegorov. The technological and physicochemical properties of the samples were studied according to conventional methods of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine.
Results and discussion. In determining the taste of medicated chewing gums samples with different coregents, the combination of powder additive and liquid flavouring "Apple" has got the highest mark. In order to substantiate the rational method of liquid flavouring introduction in the composition of the compressed chewing gums, it is proposed to introduce the adsorbents Aerosil 380, Syloid® 244FP and Neusilin® ULP 2, which also play the role of moisture regulators and glidants. Microscopic analysis of adsorbents mixtures with flavouring, as well as physicochemical and technological investigations of the mass for pressing have revealed that the best adsorbing, moisture-regulating and flow properties has Syloid® 244FP.
Conclusions. As a coregent in medicated chewing gums was selected a combination of powdered (2.0 %) and liquid (0.6 %) flavours “Apple”. The method of introducing the oil flavouring into the composition of the compressed gums has been chosen – by spraying on the adsorbent with subsequent mixing. Based on the studies, Syloid®244FP at a concentration of 1.0 % was chosen as the rational carrier.
An additive-assisted copper electroplating technique designed for infiltrating high-aspect-ratio pores was adapted to work with three-dimensional wood-derived graphitic scaffolds with aspect ratios ...ranging from 15 to 300. The poor wettability of the carbon/copper system necessitates the development of alternative infiltration techniques to produce composite structures from highly porous precursors such as wood-derived graphite. By incorporating electrolyte additives, copper infiltration was demonstrated into red oak-derived graphite scaffolds, producing a composite with a biologically-derived microstructure. Copper infiltration was studied as a function of electrolyte chemistry and deposition time in two dimensions using electron microscopy techniques and in three dimensions using X-ray computed tomography.
In this study, nylon-6 nanofiber mats containing Fe super(2+) ions were fabricated via electrospinning. The resultant electrospun nylon-6/FeCl sub(2) nanofiber mats were characterized by SEM, TEM, ...Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, wide angle XRD and DSC. Unique morphological features, such as spider's-web-like morphologies, were observed and became evident with increasing additive Fe super(2+) ions. The metastable gamma form was predominant in the as-spun nylon-6 nanofibers. The relative intensity of such gamma form gradually decreased with increasing additive Fe super(2+) ions, indicative of transformation of the crystalline structure in the electrospun nylon-6/FeCl sub(2) nanofibers due to strong molecular interactions between the nylon-6 backbone and the additive Fe super(2+) ions. The effects of additive Fe super(2+) ions on the mechanical properties of both nonwoven nanofiber mats and single nanofibers were investigated. In particular, Young's modulus of nylon-6/FeCl sub(2) single nanofibers gradually increased from 1.46 to 5.26 GPa with increasing additive Fe super(2+) ions. copyright 2013 Society of Chemical Industry The crystallinity and mechanical properties of the nylon-6/FeCl sub(2) nanofibers were significantly influenced by the Fe super(2+)-ion additives. Unique morphological features, such as spider-net like morphologies, were observed at higher sub(Fe) ( greater than or equal to 15 wt%).
PP-Splines are commonly used for derivative estimation where a non-linear relationship exists between the response and explanatory variables. However, questions about the error of these estimates ...have arisen. Incorporating an extra penalty term in a PP-Spline model is proposed as an improvement when derivative estimation is of primary concern. This additive penalty approach to derivative estimation is shown to improve on the PP-Spline estimates based on the results of a simulation study to compare the performance when estimating the first and second derivatives of six simulated functions. A method for generating variability bands for PP-Spline derivative estimates with and without an additive penalty is given. The proposed additive penalty variability bands are shown to behave better than their single penalty counterpart. Motivating examples in environmental and sports science are used to demonstrate the need for accurate derivative estimates and the benefit of using an additional penalty term to this end.
B(4)C matrix composites containing 0.5-10 vol% carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were fabricated by hot-pressing using Al additive and the effects of CNT addition on mechanical and thermal properties of the ...B(4)C/CNT composites were investigated for improvement of control material of fission reactors. Bulk densities of the composites decreased with increasing the amount of CNT. The CNTs in the composites were orientated slightly perpendicular to the hot-pressing direction and the anisotropic microstructure was formed. Vickers hardness and elastic modulus of the composites decreased with an increase in the amount of CNT. Fracture toughness of the composites was slightly improved by CNT addition, and at high CNT contents, bridging by CNT was observed in the cracks. Thermal conductivities of the composites increased slightly as compared with those of B(4)C without CNT. However, clear improvement effect by the CNT addition on the thermal conductivities of the composites was not observed within the evaluated compositions.
The inconsistency of phytogenic feed additives' (PFA) effects on the livestock industry poses a risk for their use as a replacement for antibiotic growth promoters. The livestock market is being ...encouraged to use natural growth promotors, but information is limited about the PFA mode of action. The aim of this paper is to present the complexity of compounds present in essential oils (EOs) and factors that influence biological effects of PFA. In this paper, we highlight various controls and optimization parameters that influence the processes for the standardization of these products. The chemical composition of EOs depends on plant genetics, growth conditions, development stage at harvest, and processes of extracting active compounds. Their biological effects are further influenced by the interaction of phytochemicals and their bioavailability in the gastrointestinal tract of animals. PFA effects on animal health and production are also complex due to various EO antibiotic, antioxidant, anti-quorum sensing, anti-inflammatory, and digestive fluids stimulating activities. Research must focus on reliable methods to identify and control the quality and effects of EOs. In this study, we focused on available microencapsulation techniques of EOs to increase the bioavailability of active compounds, as well as their application in the animal feed additive industry.
The effects of Li sub(2)O-ZnO-B sub(2)O sub(3) (LZB) glass additive on the sintering behavior, phase composition, microstructure and microwave dielectric properties of Li sub(2)Zn sub(3)Ti sub(4)O ...sub(12) ceramics were investigated. The addition of a small amount of LZB glass can reduce the sintering temperature of Li sub(2)Zn sub(3)Ti sub(4)O sub(12) ceramics from 1,075 to 900 degree C without much degradation of the microwave dielectric properties. Only a single-phase Li sub(2)Zn sub(3)Ti sub(4)O sub(12) is formed in Li sub(2)Zn sub(3)Ti sub(4)O sub(12) ceramic with LZB addition. Typically, the 1.5 wt% LZB glass-added Li sub(2)Zn sub(3)Ti sub(4)O sub(12) ceramic sintered at 900 degree C for 2 h can reach a high relative density of 97.5 % and exhibits good microwave dielectric properties, i.e., relative dielectric constant ( epsilon sub( )r = 19.1, quality factor (Q) = 7083.5 at 9 GHz, and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency ( tau sub( )f = - 48.9 ppm/ degree C. In addition, the ceramic could be co-fired well with an Ag electrode, which is made it as a promising dielectric ceramic for low temperature co-fired ceramics technology application.
Evaluation of Certain Food Additives Organization, World Health; UNAIDS; World Health Organization ...
World Health Organization technical report series,
2010, 2010-00-00, Volume:
v.No. 956, Issue:
956
eBook, Journal Article
Peer reviewed
This report presents the conclusions of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee convened to evaluate the safety of various food additives, with a view to recommending acceptable daily intakes (ADIs) and to ...preparing specifications for identity and purity. The first part of the report contains a general discussion of the principles governing the toxicological evaluation and assessment of intake of food additives. A summary follows of the Committee's evaluations of technical, toxicological and intake data for certain food additives: branching glycosyltransferase from Rhodothermus obamensis expressed in Bacillus subtilis, cassia gum, cyclamic acid and its salts (dietary exposure assessment), cyclotetraglucose and cyclotetraglucose syrup, ferrous ammonium phosphate, glycerol ester of gum rosin, glycerol ester of tall oil rosin, lycopene from all sources, lycopene extract from tomato, mineral oil (low and medium viscosity) class II and class III, octenyl succinic acid modified gum arabic, sodium hydrogen sulfate and sucrose oligoesters type I and type II.Specifications for the following food additives were revised: diacetyltartaric acid and fatty acid esters of glycerol, ethyl lauroyl arginate, glycerol ester of wood rosin, nisin preparation, nitrous oxide, pectins, starch sodium octenyl succinate, tannic acid, titanium dioxide and triethyl citrate.Annexed to the report are tables summarizing the Committee's recommendations for intakes and toxicological evaluations of the food additives considered.
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